2D Black Hole and Holographic Renormalization Group

In hep-th/0311177, the Large $N$ renormalization group (RG) flows of a modified matrix quantum mechanics on a circle, capable of capturing effects of nonsingets, were shown to have fixed points with negative specific heat. The corresponding rescaling equation of the compactified matter field with respect to the RG scale, identified with the Liouville direction, is used to extract the two dimensional Euclidean black hole metric at the new type of fixed points. Interpreting the large $N$ RG flows as flow velocities in holographic RG in two dimensions, the flow equation of the matter field around the black hole fixed point is shown to be of the same form as the radial evolution equation of the appropriate bulk scalar coupled to 2D black hole.Comment: 21 page

Vortex Holography

We show that the Abelian Higgs field equations in the four dimensional anti de Sitter spacetime have a vortex line solution. This solution, which has cylindrical symmetry in AdS$_4$, is a generalization of the flat spacetime Nielsen-Olesen string. We show that the vortex induces a deficit angle in the AdS$_4$ spacetime that is proportional to its mass density. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we show that the mass density of the string is uniform and dual to the discontinuity of a logarithmic derivative of correlation function of the boundary scalar operator.Comment: LaTeX, 20 pages, 4 eps figures, references and two paragraphs added, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole, planar coordinates and dS/CFT

We discuss the Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes in the context of dS/CFT correspondence by using static and planar coordinates. The boundary stress tensor and the mass of the solutions are computed. Also, we investigate how the RG flow is changed for different foliations. The Kastor-Traschen multi-black hole solution is considered as well as AdS counterparts of these configurations. In particular, we find that in planar coordinates the black holes appear like punctures in the dual boundary theory.Comment: 30 pages, 3 eps figures, JHEP style v2: new references added, misprints correcte

Dyons in N=4 Gauged Supergravity

We study monopole and dyon solutions to the equations of motion of the bosonic sector of N = 4 gauged supergravity in four dimensional space-time. A static, spherically symmetric ansatz for the metric, gauge fields, dilaton and axion leads to soliton solutions which, in the electrically charged case, have compact spatial sections. Both analytical and numerical results for the solutions are presented.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Minor changes, references adde

Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software

Open innovation is a powerful framework encompassing the generation, capture, and employment of intellectual property at the firm level. We identify three fundamental challenges for firms in applying the concept of open innovation: finding creative ways to exploit internal innovation, incorporating external innovation into internal development, and motivating outsiders to supply an ongoing stream of external innovations. This latter challenge involves a paradox, why would firms spend money on R&D efforts if the results of these efforts are available to rival firms? To explore these challenges, we examine the activity of firms in opensource software to support their innovation strategies. Firms involved in open-source software often make investments that will be shared with real and potential rivals. We identify four strategies firms employ – pooled R&D/product development, spinouts, selling complements and attracting donated complements – and discuss how they address the three key challenges of open innovation. We conclude with suggestions for how similar strategies may apply in other industries and offer some possible avenues for future research on open innovation

Characteristic cohomology of pp-form gauge theories

The characteristic cohomology $H^k_{char}(d)$ for an arbitrary set of free $p$-form gauge fields is explicitly worked out in all form degrees $k<n-1$, where $n$ is the spacetime dimension. It is shown that this cohomology is finite-dimensional and completely generated by the forms dual to the field strengths. The gauge invariant characteristic cohomology is also computed. The results are extended to interacting $p$-form gauge theories with gauge invariant interactions. Implications for the BRST cohomology are mentioned.Comment: Latex file, no figures, 44 page

Arbitrary parameters in implicit regularization and democracy within perturbative description of 2-dimensional gravitational anomalies

We show that the Implicit Regularization Technique is useful to display quantum symmetry breaking in a complete regularization independent fashion. Arbitrary parameters are expressed by finite differences between integrals of the same superficial degree of divergence whose value is fixed on physical grounds (symmetry requirements or phenomenology). We study Weyl fermions on a classical gravitational background in two dimensions and show that, assuming Lorentz symmetry, the Weyl and Einstein Ward identities reduce to a set of algebraic equations for the arbitrary parameters which allows us to study the Ward identities on equal footing. We conclude in a renormalization independent way that the axial part of the Einstein Ward identity is always violated. Moreover whereas we can preserve the pure tensor part of the Einstein Ward identity at the expense of violating the Weyl Ward identities we may as well violate the former and preserve the latter.Comment: 8 pages, no figure