Effect of Bio-Lubricant on Tribological Characteristics of Steel

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of jatropha oil doped with lube oil on tribological characteristics of IP 239 standard using four ball tribotester. The ball test material was EN31 steel, 12.7mm in diameter with a surface finish of 0.1 micrometer center lime average (CLA). The test was performed at temperature of 750c with different loads (15kg and 40kg) where rotating speed was 1500rpm and test duration of 3600s. The lube oil used for this experiment was SAE 40 and contaminated with a various blends like 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, of jatropha oil. The lubricants were characterized by viscosity using viscometer. From the experimental result, it is found that wear scar diameter is increased with the increase of load for lube oil and reduced by addition of percentage of jatropha oil. Friction torque analyzed in this experiment and J5 shows dominant performance at 40kg load. Flash temperature parameter also studied in this experiment and results shown that 5% adding jatropha oil has the less possibility to film breakdown. The overall results of this experiment reveal that the addition of 5% jatropha oil with base lubricant shows better performance and anti-wear characteristics. This blend can be used as lubricant oil which is environment friendly in nature and would help to reduce petroleum based lubricant substantially

The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine

With growing concern over greenhouse gases there is increasing emphasis on reducing CO₂ emissions. Despite engine efficiency improvements plus increased dieselization of the fleet, increasing vehicle numbers results in increasing CO₂ emissions. To reserve this trend the fuel source must be changed to renewable fuels which are CO₂ neutral. As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesel is widely accepted as comparable fuel to diesel in diesel engines. This is due to several factors like decreasing the dependence on imported petroleum, reducing global warming, increasing lubricity, and reducing substantially the exhaust emissions from diesel engine. However, there is a major disadvantage in the use of biodiesel as it has lower heating value, higher density and higher viscosity, higher fuel consumption and higher NO_x emission, which limits its application. Here fuel additives become essential and indispensable tools not only to minimize these drawbacks but also generate specified products to meet the regional and international standards. Fuel additives can contribute towards fuel economy and emission reduction either directly or indirectly. Their use enable vehicle performance to be maintained at, or near, optimum over the lifetime of the vehicle. A variety of additives are used in automotive biodiesel fuel to meet specification limits and to enhance quality. For example, metal based additives, oxygenated additives, antioxidants, cetane number improvers, lubricity improvers and cold flow improvers are used to meet specifications and quality. This article is a literature review of the effect of various additives on biodiesel properties, engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics and the corresponding effect factors were surveyed and analyzed in detail. The review concludes that the use of additive in biodiesel fuel is inalienable both for improving properties and for better engine performance and emission control. Therefore, in order to find the appropriate fuel additives in the combustion applications, more experiments are needed to explore the different related mechanisms