229 research outputs found
Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits
The Formation of Fragments at Corotation in Isothermal Protoplanetary Disks
Numerical hydrodynamics simulations have established that disks which are
evolved under the condition of local isothermality will fragment into small
dense clumps due to gravitational instabilities when the Toomre stability
parameter is sufficiently low. Because fragmentation through disk
instability has been suggested as a gas giant planet formation mechanism, it is
important to understand the physics underlying this process as thoroughly as
possible. In this paper, we offer analytic arguments for why, at low ,
fragments are most likely to form first at the corotation radii of growing
spiral modes, and we support these arguments with results from 3D hydrodynamics
simulations.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Design and User Satisfaction of Interactive Maps for Visually Impaired People
Multimodal interactive maps are a solution for presenting spatial information
to visually impaired people. In this paper, we present an interactive
multimodal map prototype that is based on a tactile paper map, a multi-touch
screen and audio output. We first describe the different steps for designing an
interactive map: drawing and printing the tactile paper map, choice of
multi-touch technology, interaction technologies and the software architecture.
Then we describe the method used to assess user satisfaction. We provide data
showing that an interactive map - although based on a unique, elementary,
double tap interaction - has been met with a high level of user satisfaction.
Interestingly, satisfaction is independent of a user's age, previous visual
experience or Braille experience. This prototype will be used as a platform to
design advanced interactions for spatial learning
Insulating and Conducting Phases of RbC60
Optical measurements were performed on thin films of RbC,
identified by X-ray diffraction as mostly material. The samples were
subjected to various heat treatments, including quenching and slow cooling from
400K. The dramatic increase in the transmission of the quenched samples, and
the relaxation towards the transmission observed in slow cooled samples
provides direct evidence for the existence of a metastable insulating phase.
Slow cooling results in a phase transition between two electrically conducting
phases.Comment: Minor revisions. Submitted to PRB, RevTeX 3.0 file, 2 postscript
figures included, ir_dop
Multiple independent loci at chromosome 15q25.1 affect smoking quantity: a meta-analysis and comparison with lung cancer and COPD
Observation and Assignment of Silent and Higher Order Vibrations in the Infrared Transmission of C60 Crystals
We report the measurement of infrared transmission of large C60 single
crystals. The spectra exhibit a very rich structure with over 180 vibrational
absorptions visible in the 100 - 4000 cm-1 range. Many silent modes are
observed to have become weakly IR-active. We also observe a large number of
higher order combination modes. The temperature (77K - 300K) and pressure (0 -
25KBar) dependencies of these modes were measured and are presented. Careful
analysis of the IR spectra in conjunction with Raman scattering data showing
second order modes and neutron scattering data, allow the selection of the 46
vibrational modes C60. We are able to fit *all* of the first and second order
data seen in the present IR spectra and the previously published Raman data
(~300 lines total), using these 46 modes and their group theory allowed second
order combinations.Comment: REVTEX v3.0 in LaTeX. 12 pages. 8 Figures by request. c60lon
Mean first-passage time of surface-mediated diffusion in spherical domains
We present an exact calculation of the mean first-passage time to a target on
the surface of a 2D or 3D spherical domain, for a molecule alternating phases
of surface diffusion on the domain boundary and phases of bulk diffusion. The
presented approach is based on an integral equation which can be solved
analytically. Numerically validated approximation schemes, which provide more
tractable expressions of the mean first-passage time are also proposed. In the
framework of this minimal model of surface-mediated reactions, we show
analytically that the mean reaction time can be minimized as a function of the
desorption rate from the surface.Comment: to appear in J. Stat. Phy
Josephson current in s-wave superconductor / Sr_2RuO_4 junctions
The Josephson current between an s-wave and a spin-triplet superconductor
SrRuO (SRO) is studied theoretically. In spin-singlet / spin-triplet
superconductor junctions, there is no Josephson current proportional to in the absence of the spin-flip scattering near junction interfaces,
where is a phase-difference across junctions. Thus a dominant term of
the Josephson current is proportional to . The spin-orbit
scattering at the interfaces gives rise to the Josephson current proportional
to , which is a direct consequence of the chiral paring symmetry in
SRO
J-Integral Calculation by Finite Element Processing of Measured Full-Field Surface Displacements
© 2017 The Author(s)A novel method has been developed based on the conjoint use of digital image correlation to measure full field displacements and finite element simulations to extract the strain energy release rate of surface cracks. In this approach, a finite element model with imported full-field displacements measured by DIC is solved and the J-integral is calculated, without knowledge of the specimen geometry and applied loads. This can be done even in a specimen that develops crack tip plasticity, if the elastic and yield behaviour of the material are known. The application of the method is demonstrated in an analysis of a fatigue crack, introduced to an aluminium alloy compact tension specimen (Al 2024, T351 heat condition)
Genome-wide linkage analysis for quantitative indices of alcohol consumption in Australian adults. Results from the Nicotine Addiction Genetics Project
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