Eimeria species in young and adult sheep raised under intensive and / or semi-intensive systems of a herd from Umuarama city, Parana State, Brazil

The present study aimed to identify Eimeria species in young and adult sheep raised under intensive and / or semi-intensive systems of a herd from Umuarama city, Parana State, Brazil using the traditional diagnostic methods and to correlate the infection level/types of infection in the different age/system in this herd. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum of 210 sheep and were subjected to laboratory analysis to differentiate the species. Furthermore, animals were observed to determine the occurrences of the clinical or subclinical forms of eimeriosis. Out of the 210 collected fecal samples, 147 (70%) were positive for Eimeria oocysts, and 101 (47.86%) belonged to young animals that were raised under intensive and / or semi-intensive farming systems. Oocysts from 9 species of Eimeria parasites were identified in the sheep at the following prevalence rates: E. crandallis, 50.0%; E. parva, 21.6%; E. faurei, 8.1%; E. ahsata, 8.1%; E. intricata, 5.4%; E. granulosa, 2.7%; E. ovinoidalis, 2.0%; E. ovina, 1.3%; and E. bakuensis, 0.6%. There were no differences regarding the more frequent Eimeria species among the different ages of animals or between the different farming management systems. Based on these data, E. crandallis was the most prevalent, followed by E. parva and E. faurei species, regardless of the age. Higher parasitism was diagnosed in the young animals that were raised in a confinement regime, and the disease found in the herd was classified as subclinical. Further studies should be conducted in this herd, to verify if the eimeriosis subclinical can cause damage especially in young animals with a high level of infection.UEM, Dept Vet Med, BR-87020900 Umuarama, PR, BrazilUniv Fed Mato Grosso Sul UFMS, Dept Vet Med, Campo Grande, MS USAUniv Estadual Sao Paulo UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Ctr Pesquisas Sanidade Anim CPPAR, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Sao Paulo UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Ctr Pesquisas Sanidade Anim CPPAR, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi

Anurofauna do noroeste paulista: lista de espécies e chave de identificação para adultos

A correta identificação de espécies normalmente é um obstáculo para estudos de conservação, manejo e licenciamento ambiental. Atualmente 37 espécies de cinco famílias de anfíbios anuros são registradas na área que abrange integralmente as Unidades de Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hídricos (UGRHIs) do Turvo-Grande e São José dos Dourados e parte das UGHRIs do Baixo Pardo, Baixo Tietê e Tietê-Batalha. Embora esta fauna venha sendo objeto de estudos quase ininterruptos desde a metade da década de 1960, nenhuma chave de identificação que incluísse todas as espécies reconhecidas na região estava disponível. Embora desenvolvida para uma anurofauna regional, esta chave tem ampla aplicação porque as espécies encontradas na área de abrangência do estudo são associadas à áreas abertas e apresentam ampla distribuição geográfica. Este estudo visa preencher esta lacuna e apresentar uma lista ilustrada e uma chave dicotômica artificial para as 37 espécies de anuros conhecidas para esta região.The correct identification of species is a common impediment for studies of conservation, management and environmental licensing. Currently, 37 species from five families of anuran amphibians are recorded in the region that includes the Turvo-Grande, São José dos Dourados and parts of the Low Pardo, Low Tietê and Tietê-Batalha Hydric Resources Management Unit (UGRHIs). Despite of being studied since de mid-1960's, none identification key that included all the species recognized was available. Although developed for a regional anuranfauna, this key has wide application because the species found in the studied region are associated to open areas and have wide geographical distribution. This study aims to fill this gap presenting an illustrated list about species' biology, and a dichotomous key that comprises 37 anuran species.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências exatas Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências exatas Departamento de Zoologia e Botânic

Abnormal proliferative response of the carotid artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats after angioplasty may be related to the depolarized state of its smooth muscle cells

Hypertension is one of the major precursors of atherosclerotic vascular disease, and vascular smooth muscle abnormal cell replication is a key feature of plaque formation. The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between hypertension and smooth muscle cell proliferation after balloon injury and to correlate neointima formation with resting membrane potential of uninjured smooth muscle cells, since it has been suggested that altered vascular function in hypertension may be related to the resetting of the resting membrane potential in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Neointima formation was induced by balloon injury to the carotid arteries of SHR and renovascular hypertensive rats (1K-1C), as well as in their normotensive controls, i.e., Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and normal Wistar (NWR) rats. After 14 days the animals were killed and the carotid arteries were submitted to histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Resting membrane potential measurements showed that uninjured carotid arteries from SHR smooth muscle cells were significantly depolarized (-46.5 ± 1.9 mV) compared to NWR (-69 ± 1.4 mV), NWR 1K-1C (-60.8 ± 1.6 mV), WKY (-67.1 ± 3.2 mV) and WKY 1K-1C (-56.9 ± 1.2 mV). The SHR arteries responded to balloon injury with an enhanced neointima formation (neo/media = 3.97 ± 0.86) when compared to arteries of all the other groups (NWR 0.93 ± 0.65, NWR 1K-1C 1.24 ± 0.45, WKY 1.22 ± 0.32, WKY 1K-1C 1.15 ± 0.74). Our results indicate that the increased fibroproliferative response observed in SHR is not related to the hypertensive state but could be associated with the resetting of the carotid smooth muscle cell resting membrane potential to a more depolarized state

Atributos físicos e químicos de um latossolo, sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo

Diferentes sistemas de manejo impactam em intensidades diferentes os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Com o propósito de avaliar alterações em propriedades físicas e químicas de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, conduziu-se um experimento na Fazenda Glória/UFU, desde o ano 2000. O latossolo foi disposto num esquema de delineamento em blocos casualizados e conduzido durante sete anos para avaliar algumas alterações em atributos físicos e químicos do solo, nas profundidades de 0-5; 5-15 e 15-30 cm. Os sistemas de manejo avaliados foram o convencional e os considerados conservacionistas. Os parâmetros analisados foram: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, estabilidade de agregados, carbono orgânico total (COT), fósforo (P), cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), potássio (K+), nitrogênio (N) e alumínio (Al3+). Foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os sistemas de manejo conservacionistas e o convencional. Os resultados indicam aumento da densidade do solo com a profundidade, associada à redução da porosidade total e da relação macro/microporos, bem como uma menor estabilidade de agregados no sistema convencional, em relação aos sistemas conservacionistas. Para os atributos químicos do solo, diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos conservacionistas e convencional foram observadas apenas nos primeiros 5 cm do solo, para os elementos P, Ca e K. A correção do Al é mais eficiente no sistema convencional, devido à incorporação do calcário ao solo, independente da aplicação de gesso agrícola.Different management systems impact soil physical and chemical characteristics differently. Physical and chemical attribute changes of a typical Acrustox soil submitted to different soil preparation systems were evaluated in an experiment at the Glória/UFU farm since the year 2000. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the experiment was conducted for seven years to evaluate some physical and chemical attributes of the soil, at the depths of 0-5; 5-15 and 15-30 cm, with different management systems of handling (conventional and conservation). The following parameters were analyzed: density, total porosity, macro and micro porosity, stability of aggregate, total organic carbon (TOC), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), nitrogen (N) and aluminum (Al3+). Statistical differences between the two management systems of handling, conservational and conventional, wasStatistical differences between the two management systems of handling, conservational and conventional, were observed. Increased density with the depth, associated with reduction of the total porosity and the relation macro/micropores as well as a lesser lesser aggregate stability of aggregate in the conventional system, was observed in relation to the conservation systems. Significant differences for the soil chemical attributes of the soil between the conservation and conventional systems, were observed only in the top 5 cm of the soil, and only for P, Ca and K. Aluminum correction was more efficient in the conventional system, due to incorporation of lime to the soil, independently of the application of gypsum