Desempenho de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com rações contendo complexo enzimático

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de um complexo enzimático em dietas para tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre o desempenho, a composição química da carcaça e a qualidade da água. Foram utilizados 200 alevinos revertidos (4,57 ± 1,24 g), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 20 tanques de 500 litros, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, considerando a unidade experimental uma caixa com dez peixes. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0; 0,033; 0,066 ou 0,099% de complexo enzimático. As dietas foram processadas na forma peletizada e fornecidas quatro vezes ao dia, às 8, 11, 14 e 17 h. Os valores médios de pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, fósforo total, amônia e nitrato da água de cultivo não foram influenciados pela dieta. A inclusão do complexo enzimático na dieta não afetou o ganho de peso, as taxas de sobrevivência e de crescimento específico, mas influenciou o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar, cujos valores foram maiores nos peixes alimentados com a dieta com 0,066% de complexo enzimático. Não foram observadas diferenças nos teores de matéria seca, umidade, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, cálcio e fósforo na carcaça dos peixes, no entanto, o teor de extrato etéreo reduziu de forma linear com o aumento do nível de complexo enzimático. A utilização de complexo enzimático (amilase, protease, celulase, lipase, pectinase, xilanase, β-glucanase e fitase) no nível de 0,066% em dietas para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo piora a conversão alimentar, mas não influencia o desempenho e a composição corporal dos peixes.The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an enzimatic complex in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on performance, carcass chemical composition as well as water quality. The experiment was performed in 62 days. It was used two hundred reverted fingerlings (14.57 ± 1.24 g) distributed in a complete randomized design in 20 500 L-tanks with four treatments and five replicates, considering a box with 10 fish as a experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing 0; 0.033; 0.066 and 0.099% of enzimatic complex. The diets were processed in peletized way and supplied four times a day (8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.) The pH average values, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total phosphorus, ammonia and water nitrate of the cultivation were not influenced by the inclusion of the enzimatic complexin the diet. The inclusion of enzymatic complex in the diet did not affect weight gain, survival, and specific growing rate; however, it affected diet consumption and food conversion, whose values were greater for fish fed 0.066% of enzimatic complex diet. No differences were observed on dry matter, humidity, crude protein, mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus in the fish carcass, nevertheless, the ether extract decreased linearly as the level of enzymatic complex increased. The utilization of enzimatic complex (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase) at the level of 0.066% for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worsens food conversion but does not influence performance and body composition of the fish

Espessura carotídea, idade vascular e treinamento físico na síndrome metabólica Grosor carotídeo, edad vascular y entrenamiento físico en el síndrome metabólico

ResumenObjetivoInvestigar la influencia del entrenamiento físico concurrente (EC) sobre el grosor íntimo-medio carotideo (IMT) y edad vascular (VA) en individuos con síndrome metabólico (SM).Método22 voluntarios sedentarios (51,50±6,52 años de edad) fueron sometidos a EC durante 30 semanas, tres veces por semana. Antes y después del EC, se analizaron variables antropométricas, funcionales y bioquímicas. Se realizó ecografía bidimensional del IMT carotídeo. La comparación y cuantificación del IMT carotídeo de los participantes fue denominado VA. Se llamó delta de edad a la diferencia entre la VA y la edad cronológica y se calculó la puntuación de riesgo de Framingham. Además, también se calculó la puntuación de riesgo de Framingham modificada (MFS) en la que se sustituyó la edad cronológica por la VA.ResultadosTras 30 semanas de EC no se observa una disminución estadística en el IMT carotídeo, la VA, el delta de edad y la puntación Framingham. Sin embargo, la puntuación en la MFS desciende tras la intervención (p<0,05). Además, en individuos con SM el EC aumenta los niveles del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) (p<0,05) así como el consumo máximo de oxígeno estimado (p<0,01).ConclusiónEl entrenamiento concurrente propuesto no modifica el IMT carotídeo ni la VA, si bien se observa una reducción de la puntación MFS que puede servir para identificar individuos de alto riego previamente no identificados y ayudar en la terapia individualizada de los pacientes con SM.AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of a concurrent physical training (CT) on the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and vascular age (VA) of individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodTwelve sedentary volunteers (51,50±6,52 years old) were submitted to a CT during 30 weeks, three times per week. Before and after the CT, were analyzed anthropometric, functional and biochemical variables. It was performed a two-dimensional ultrasound for carotid IMT and the quantification and comparison of carotid IMT of participants was named VA. The difference between VA and chronological age was named age's delta and the Framingham risk score was calculated. Furthermore, it was calculated the modified Framingham risk score (MFS), replacing chronological age for VA.ResultsThe carotid IMT, the VA, the age's delta and the Framingham score did not decrease significantly after 30 weeks of CT. However, the scoring in MFS decreased after the intervention (p<0.05). Besides, the CT increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p<0.05) and the estimated maximal oxygen uptake (p<0.01) in individuals with MS.ConclusionThe proposed concurrent training did not alter the carotid IMT and the VA, although had decreased the MFS scoring, which can identify individuals previously not recognize such with a high risk and assist in the individual therapy of patients with MS

El Correo de Ultramar : Parte literaria é ilustrada reunidas: Tomo XLIII Año 33 Número 1095 - 1874

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Impact of diabetes, insulin, and metformin use on the outcome of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive primary breast cancer: Analysis from the ALTTO phase III randomized trial

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested an association between metformin use and improved outcome in patients with diabetes and breast cancer. In the current study, we aimed to explore this association in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive primary breast cancer in the context of a large, phase III adjuvant trial. Patients and Methods: The ALTTO trial randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive breast cancer to receive 1 year of either trastuzumab alone, lapatinib alone, their sequence, or their combination. In this substudy, we evaluated whether patients with diabetes at study entry-with or without metformin treatment-were associated with different disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) compared with patients without diabetes. Results: A total of 8,381 patients were included in the current analysis: 7,935 patients (94.7%) had no history of diabetes at diagnosis, 186 patients (2.2%) had diabetes with no metformin treatment, and 260 patients (3.1%) were diabetic and had been treated with metformin. Median follow-up was 4.5 years (0.16 to 6.31 years), at which 1,205 (14.38%), 929 (11.08%), and 528 (6.3%) patients experienced DFS, DDFS, and OS events, respectively. Patients with diabetes who had not been treated with metformin experienced worse DFS (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.94; P = .043), DDFS (multivariable HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.22; P = .013), and OS (multivariable HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.85; P = .004). This effect was limited to hormone receptor-positive patients. Whereas insulin treatment was associated with a detrimental effect, metformin had a salutary effect in patients with diabetes who had HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Conclusion: Metformin may improve the worse prognosis that is associated with diabetes and insulin treatment, mainly in patients with primary HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration and HER2 assessment as predictors of breast cancer outcomes in the ALTTO (BIG 2-06, Alliance N063D) Trial.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe