17 research outputs found
Blood Chemistry Value Assesment in Hypodermatosis of Cattle in the Chechen Republic
This article is devoted to the problem of cattle hypodermatosis caused by Hypoderma bovis De Geer and Hypoderma lineatum De Villers hypoderma flies. The results of studies of blood chemistry value of cattle diseased with hypodermatosis in the Chechen Republic are revealed in the article. The examination of ten blood samples taken from cattle diseased with animals hypodermatosis showed an increase in the activity of creatinine parameters above normal by 60 % or more, a significant decrease in carotene indicators (within 50 % or more), a relative decrease in crude protein, a decrease in glucose levels, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and alanine-aminotransferase, reduction of the studied reserve alkalinity index vol. % CO2 from 2 to 5 units (12 %) is lower, in six samples an increase in the activity of immunoglobulin IgA. All this is connected with the complex of pathomorphological changes expressed in the mechanical impact β traumatization, intoxication and hypersusceptibility of the organism of the infested animal with the development of inflammatory and dystrophic manifestations associated with injuries of muscle cells and tissues, intoxication, and an acid-alkali balance of the body shift in the acidic side (acidosis), pathological liver abnormality or diseases, with the defeat of organs and body systems, edema in different parts of the body, defect of immunoreaction and homeostasis in the body. Information obtained from biochemical screen provide an opportunity to conduct a deeper assessment of homeostasis and the bodyβs ability to self-regulate, promptly and comprehensively diagnosing diseases, study the dynamics of the development of pathological processes and conditions in the body, determine the clinical course and justifiably prescribe a complex of effective household and medical-preventive activities aimed at reducing the economic damage to livestock [8, 10]
Oxidative and antioxidative properties of medicinal flora of the Chechen Republic
The oxidative and antioxidative properties of medicinal infusions of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Wormwood (ArtemΓsia absΓnthium) were studied on luminescent strains of Escherichia coli. The studied plants grow in the mountains of the Nozhai-Yurt and Shatoi regions of the Chechen Republic. Various concentrations of infusions showed a pronounced bactericidal effect. Wormwood suspension reduced the level of oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. Concentrations of chamomile (0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 g/10 ml) together with hydrogen peroxide on the pKatG-lux strain increased oxidative stress within acceptable limits. However, all concentrations of chamomile had an antioxidant effect
Solid dispersion complex triclabendazole preparations with succinic acid and their fasciolocidal activity
The purpose of the research is to test the efficacy of triclafascid and two solid dispersion complex preparations based on the triclabendazole substance against fasciolosis in cattle and sheep. Materials and methods. Complex preparations of triclabendazole (TCB) formulations: Succinic Acid (SA): Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (1: 1 : 8) and TCB: SA: Arabinogalactan (AG) (1: 1 : 8) were obtained by combined solid-stategrinding of the components in a fiber drum on an LE-101 ball mill at a roll rotation speed of 60 rpm with a process module of 1: 17 for 1 to 6 hours with sampling for analysis (HPLC) for changes in the TCB solubility. A comparative test of the efficacy of triclafascid and new solid dispersions (SD) of TCB complexes with SA against fascioliasis of sheep and cattle was conducted in the North-Eastern Federal District of the Caucasus in March-April 2023. To determine the Fasciola infection rate in animals, fecal samples were individually taken and examined by the FΓΌlleborn methods using saturated aqueous NaCL solution and sequential washing. The drug efficacy was recorded at 25-30 days after deworming in analogy with "critical test". The results were statistically processed by the Student-Fisher method using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results and discussion. The resulting TCB and SA complexes with polymers had an increased solubility (up to 59β70 times) that depended on the polymer nature. The efficacy of new TCB dosage forms against fascioliasis in sheep at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, i.e. 0.5 mg/kg less than the therapeutic dose as compared with oral triclafascid was 90.0 and 100%, respectively, and 85.7% in cattle at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg for the active substance
Testing of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% against parasitosis on various types of livestock animals
The purpose of the research is to obtain and test a complex drug Aniverm-2.0% based on the ivermectin substance by free feeding in a mixture with concentrated feed against parasitosis of cattle, sheep, and horses.Materials and methods. Aniverm-2.0% obtained by mechanochemical technology was tested on a farm in the Shatoy Region, the Chechen Republic, on 900 sheep, 180 cattle and 156 horses in March-April 2023. To determine the infection rate, coproovoscopic examinations were conducted on 80 samples from sheep, 20 samples from young cattle and 30 samples from horses using the Fullebornβs flotation method with a saturated sodium chloride solution. Sheep were dewormed using a group method. The drug was mixed with feed per 0.3 mg/kg for the AS or 60 mg for the drug per animal. The young cattle were kept by tie-up housing and therefore they were given Aniverm-2.0% once at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the AS individually in a mixture with feed. The horses were given the drug in a group method at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the AS or 1.5 mg/kg for the drug. Fecal samples from all animals were examined before and 2 weeks after the drug.Results and discussion. A 100% rate of infection of the sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (Strongylata, Nematodirus spp., Trichocephalus spp.) was determined with an average number of eggs 633.3 in 1 g of feces. In 20 fecal samples from the young cattle, 16 were found to have Strongylata eggs (prevalence = 80.0%) with 222.2β280.5 specimens of Strongylata eggs found in 1 g of feces. Strongylata eggs were found in all 30 examined fecal samples from the horses, on average, 253.3 specimens/g of feces (100%). At 2 weeks after treatment, nematode eggs were found in three out of 80 examined fecal samples from the sheep, which can be explained that the sheep did not eat the appropriate dose of the drug. The drug efficacy was determined to be 99.7%. One hundred percent efficacy of the drug was obtained on young cattle and horses
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π« ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠͺΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π£ΠΠ¬Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠͺΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π«Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ Π¬ΠΠ« Π‘ ΠΠ ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π
Advantages of methods of small-volume and ultrasmall-volume spraying are: economical (by 2,3 times) an expense insectoacaricides, labor productivity increase when carrying out mass treatment and prophylactic actions, receiving livestock production of high sanitary quality, environment protection from pollution by pes- ticidesΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ (Π² 2,3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°) ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° 2%-Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ
The purpose of the research is to study eο¬ects of the 2.0% supramolecular complex of ivermectin in overdoses on the clinical condition of horses.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 20 horses of diο¬erent breeds in the Seradin Equestrian Center, the North Caucasus Federal District, the Chechen Republic, in October 2020. The horses were divided according to the principle of analogues into 3 test groups and one control group of 5 animals each. The 2.0% supramolecular complex of ivermectin was administered to the horses from group 1 at a therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg; group 2 received a tripled dose of 0.6 mg/kg, and the group 3, a 5-fold increased dose of 1,0 mg/kg for the active substance. The drug was administered once individually in a mixture with compound feed. The body temperature was measured with a non-contact thermometer, and the pulse rate and the respiratory rate were measured per 1 min. Urine of the horses was examined on days 1, 7 and 14 after the drug. The urine color, transparency and consistency were determined. Multifunctional test paper was used to study pH, protein, glucose, ketone bodies, nitrites, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. Blood was taken in the morning from the horsesβ jugular vein on days 1, 7 and 14 after the drug. Hematological and biochemical parameters were studied on analyzers.Results and discussion. Clinical fndings of the horses (body temperature, pulse and respiration) did not diο¬er from those of the control animals after the 2.0% supramolecular complex of ivermectin was administered in a therapeutic, tripled and 5-fold increased doses on days 1, 7 and 14. A slight increase in ketone bodies was observed in the urine on day 1, which may indicate the drug eο¬ect on the central nervous system at a 5-fold increased dose; all parameters were within the normal range on days 7 and 14. The 2.0% supramolecular complex of ivermectin in overdoses (0.6; 1.0 mg/kg for the active substance) did not adversely aο¬ect the horsesβ hematological or biochemical blood parameters.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° 2,0%-Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2020 Π³. Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Β«Π‘Π΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Β» Π½Π° 20 Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° 3 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ 5 ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΌ 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° 2%-Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,2 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, 2-ΠΉ β Π² ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,6 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 3-ΠΉ β Π² 5 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 1,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° 1, 7 ΠΈ 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π», Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° 1, 7 ΠΈ 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ (ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° 2,0%-Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, 3 ΠΈ 5 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
Π½Π° 1, 7 ΠΈ 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π» Π½Π° 1-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² 5 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ; Π½Π° 7 ΠΈ 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ. Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° 2,0%-Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
(0,6; 1,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ) Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ
Π’Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
The purpose of the research is to test the efficacy of triclafascid and two solid dispersion complex preparations based on the triclabendazole substance against fasciolosis in cattle and sheep. Materials and methods. Complex preparations of triclabendazole (TCB) formulations: Succinic Acid (SA): Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (1: 1 : 8) and TCB: SA: Arabinogalactan (AG) (1: 1 : 8) were obtained by combined solid-stategrinding of the components in a fiber drum on an LE-101 ball mill at a roll rotation speed of 60 rpm with a process module of 1: 17 for 1 to 6 hours with sampling for analysis (HPLC) for changes in the TCB solubility. A comparative test of the efficacy of triclafascid and new solid dispersions (SD) of TCB complexes with SA against fascioliasis of sheep and cattle was conducted in the North-Eastern Federal District of the Caucasus in March-April 2023. To determine the Fasciola infection rate in animals, fecal samples were individually taken and examined by the FΓΌlleborn methods using saturated aqueous NaCL solution and sequential washing. The drug efficacy was recorded at 25-30 days after deworming in analogy with "critical test". The results were statistically processed by the Student-Fisher method using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results and discussion. The resulting TCB and SA complexes with polymers had an increased solubility (up to 59β70 times) that depended on the polymer nature. The efficacy of new TCB dosage forms against fascioliasis in sheep at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, i.e. 0.5 mg/kg less than the therapeutic dose as compared with oral triclafascid was 90.0 and 100%, respectively, and 85.7% in cattle at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg for the active substance.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» (Π’ΠΠ) : Π―Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° (Π―Π) : ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ (ΠΠΠ) (1 : 1 : 8) ΠΈ Π’ΠΠ : Π―Π : ΠΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ (ΠΠ) (1 : 1 : 8) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°ΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ LE-101 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 60 ΠΎΠ±/ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° 1 : 17 Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1β6 Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΠΠ₯) Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π’ΠΠ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ (Π’Π) ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π’ΠΠ Ρ Π―Π ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅-Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ 2023 Π³. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π€ΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° NaCL ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 25β30 ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ». ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π‘ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°-Π€ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Microsoft Excel 2007. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π’ΠΠ ΠΈ Π―Π Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ (Π΄ΠΎ 59β70 ΡΠ°Π·), Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π’ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 1,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, Ρ.Π΅. Π½Π° 0,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 90,0 ΠΈ 100%, Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 2,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ β 85,7%
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ
The purpose of the research is a commission test of the effectiveness of the supramolecular complex based on triclabendazole and albendazole (SMCTA) against gastrointestinal nematodes and fascioles of sheep in a previously calculated therapeutic dose.Materials and methods. The SMCTA effectiveness was tested in the North Caucasus Federal District in July 2019 on Tushin sheep spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and fascioles simultaneously. The sheep were owned by an independent entrepreneur. Coproovoscopic examinations were carried out according to the GOST by the Fullebornβs method using ammonium nitrate at the Republican Veterinary Laboratory of Grozny. Helminthological dissection of 5 control sheep was done to determine the intensity of infection with fascioles and gastrointestinal nematodes, and 3 sheep from each group were dissected at 14 days after dehelminthization to record the effectiveness of the drug. 4 more sheep from each group were dissected on the 25th day. The drug effectiveness was recorded by the critical test method according to the Guidelines approved by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (1995).Results and discussion. When conducting clinical trials on sheep spontaneously infected with strongylates of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and fascioles, a therapeutic dose was calculated when the drug was administered individually in the form of a suspension of 4.0 mg/kg for the Active Substance (2.0 for ABZ : 2.0 for TCB), 40 mg/kg for the drug, and in a mixture with concentrated feed using the group method of 5.0 mg/kg for the AS (2.5 mg/kg for ABZ : 2.5 mg/kg for TCB), 50 mg/kg for the drug. The commission test of SMCTA at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg for the AS (50 mg/kg for the drug) by the group method in a mixture with combined feed at fasciolosis and strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep showed, according to the coproovoscopy and helminthological dissection of animals, that 100 % efficiency was obtained. A mixture of the drug with combined feed was readily eaten by the sheep; and no side effects were noted after dehelminthization. The Commission noted the absence of side effects, high efficiency and a wide spectrum of the SMKTA effect at a 4-fold reduced therapeutic dose of 5.0 mg/kg as compared with the albendazole (7.5 mg/kg) and triclabendazole (10 mg/kg) substances.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° (Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π) ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ» ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π² ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ 2019 Π³. Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π£ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π€ΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π³. ΠΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 5 ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 14 ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 3 ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΠ° 25-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ 4 ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π£ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ» ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (1995) Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π°Ρ 4,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (2,0 ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΠ : 2,0 ΠΏΠΎ Π’ΠΠ), ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 40 ΠΌΠ³/ ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ 5,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (2,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΠ : 2,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ Π’ΠΠ), ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 5,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ) Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° 100%-Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π Π² 4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 5,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° (7,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° (10 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³).
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°
The purpose of the research: to conduct commission and field testing of efficacy of the supramolecular complex of triclabendazole Β«TriclafascidΒ» applied at the dose of 2,5-3,0 mg/kg against cattle fasciolosis. Materials and methods. Commission and field testing of Triclafascid were carried out in the private sector of the Chechen Republic in March-April 2017 on cattle naturally infected with Fasciola. Commission testing was performed on 30 animals infected with Fasciola that were divided into two equal groups of 15 animals each. Animals from the first group received triclafascid orally at the single therapeutic dose 2,5 mg a.i./kg (therapeutic dose 25 mg/kg) in water solution. The second group of animals as well as the first group received the substance of triclabendazole at five times lower dose (2,5 mg/kg) in water suspension. In field experiment, triclafascid was given individually to 108 animals at the dose of 3,0 mg a.i./kg (therapeutic dose 30 mg/kg) with compound feed. To determine the grade of animalsβ invasion with fascioles, fecal samples were examined by Fuelleborn's method using ammonium nitrate. The average number of Fasciola eggs in 1 g of feces was defined with the use of VIGIS counting chamber. Fecal samples were investigated; the efficacy of the preparation was evaluated 30 days after dehelmintization. The efficacy of triclafascid was estimated by a Β«critical testΒ» according to the Manual approved by World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (1995). Results and discussion. In commission testing of triclafascid for the treatment of cattle fasciolosis individually orally in water solution at the dose of 2,5 mg /kg and in field experiment at the dose of 3,0 mg /kg with feed compound at five times lower dose, 100 % efficacy was reached (in comparison with triclabendazole).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 2,5-3,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅-Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2017 Π³. Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 30 ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ 15 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 2,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 25 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π² 5 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ (2,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ 108 ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 3,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 30 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π€ΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ» Π² 1 Π³ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 30 ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ» ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (1995 Π³). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 2,5 ΠΌΠ³/ ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 3,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² 5 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° 100%-Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
The purpose of the research is to test the efficacy of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin against gastro-intestinal nematodes of herd horses under production conditions. Materials and methods. The test of the efficacy of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin was carried out from December 2018 to January 2019 in the North Caucasus Federal District of the Chechen Republic. Two herds of horses of 47 and 54 heads in each of different ages were selected, which were grazed all year round. To determine the infection of horses with nematodes of gastro-intestinal tract, 20 samples of fresh feces from each group were collected from the ground. It was not possible to collect samples from untamed horses to determine the infection by Oxiuris spp. Coproovoscopy was performed using the FΓΌlleborn method. To count eggs in 1 g of faeces, a VIGIS counting chamber was used. The first group was given a 2.0% drug individually in a mixture with food at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg for active substance (AS) (according to the drug 75 mg). The drug was administered to the second group at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for AS (for the drug 1.0 mg/kg) by the group method in a mixture with food, calculated on a live weight of 500 kg. The efficacy of the drug was determined 2 weeks after deworming according to coproovoscopy data. The efficacy of ivermectin complex was accounted for by the "critical test" method. After deworming, the animals were observed during the experiment. Results and discussion. Dehelminthization of horses with a supramolecular complex of ivermectin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for AS in a mixture with mixed feed by a group method for mixed infection of various types of gastro-intestinal nematodes under production conditions showed 100% efficiency. Arabinogalactan in the supramolecular complex helps to eliminate the negative effect of AS (ivermectin) on the animal body. The mixture of the preparation with the food was readily consumed by the horses. Deworming horses of herd keeping with a preparation intended for use in a mixture with feed is technically convenient, practically uncomplicated, and at the same time, physical exertion during fixation of animals and industrial injuries are excluded. We did not observe any side effects after deworming horses.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2018 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2019 Π³. Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ 2 ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½Π° Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ 47 ΠΈ 54 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ 20 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π€ΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡ Π² 1 Π³ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 2,0%-Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,15 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 75 ΠΌΠ³). ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,2 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ 1,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ 500 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 2 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ». ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,2 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° 100%-Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ Π² ΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ (ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ