Дослідження леткої фракції трави анісу звичайного

Topicality. Pimpinella anisum is widely used in folk medicine and pharmaceutical industry. The study of volatile compounds of this plant is aimed mainly at fruits and seeds, and there is insufficient data on the study of herbs.Aim. To study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the components of the volatile fraction of the Pimpinella anisum herb.Materials and methods. For the analysis, we used Pimpinella anisum herb harvested in Kharkiv, in summer, 2019. Chromatographic separation performed on an Agilent 6890N/5973inert gas chromatography – mass spectrometric system (Agilent technologies, USA). Compounds have been identified using the NIST 02 mass spectra library. Quantitative analysis has been performed by adding an internal standard solution to the test samples.Results and discussion. The presence of 11 components has been established, the total content of which is 3.41 mg/g. The volatile fraction of the Pimpinella anisum herb is dominated by trans-anethole (1.10 mg/g), isoeugenol acetate (0.91 mg/g) and thellungianin G (0.84 mg/g). Unlike fruits and seeds of Pimpinella anisum, where the content of trans-anethole is 90-96 %, in the herbs it is almost 3 times less – 33.26 %.Conclusions. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of the components of volatile fraction of Pimpinella anisum herb have been investigated by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; 11 compounds were identified, among which trans-anethole dominates with a content of 33.26 %.Актуальность. Анис обыкновенный широко применяется в народной медицине и фармацевтической промышленности. Исследование летучих соединений этого растения направлено в основном на плоды и семена, а данных по изучению травы недостаточно.Цель данного исследования – изучение качественного состава и количественного содержания компонентов летучей фракции травы аниса обыкновенного.Материалы и методы. Для анализа использовали траву аниса обыкновенного, заготовленную летом 2019 года в г. Харькове. Хроматографическое разделение проводили на газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрической системе Agilent 6890N/5973inert (Agilent technologies, USA). Идентификацию соединений проводили с использованием библиотеки масс-спектров NIST 02. Количественный анализ проводили путем добавления раствора внутреннего стандарта в исследуемые пробы.Результаты и их обсуждение. Установлено наличие 11 компонентов, общее содержание которых составляет 3,41 мг/г. В летучей фракции травы аниса обыкновенного преобладают транс-анетол (1,10 мг/г), изоэвгенола ацетат (0,91 мг/г) и теллунгианин G (0,84 мг/г). В отличие от плодов и семян аниса обыкновенного, где содержание транс-анетола составляет 90-96 %, в траве его практически в 3 раза меньше – 33,26 %.Выводы. Методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии исследованы качественный состав и количественное содержание компонентов летучей фракции травы аниса обыкновенного. Идентифицировано 11 соединений, среди которых с содержанием 33,26 % доминирует транс-анетол.Актуальність. Аніс звичайний широко застосовується в народній медицині і фармацевтичній промисловості. Дослідження летких сполук цієї рослини стосується в основному плодів та насіння, даних з вивчення трави недостатньо.Мета роботи – вивчення якісного складу та кількісного вмісту компонентів леткої фракції трави анісу звичайного.Матеріали та методи. Для аналізу використовували траву анісу звичайного, заготовлену влітку 2019 року в м. Харкові. Хроматографічне розділення проводили на газовій хромато-мас-спектрометричній системі Agilent 6890N/5973inert (Agilent technologies, USA). Ідентифікацію сполук проводили з використанням бібліотеки мас-спектрів NIST 02. Кількісний аналіз проводили шляхом додавання розчину внутрішнього стандарту в досліджувані проби.Результати та їх обговорення. Встановлено наявність 11 компонентів, загальний вміст яких становить 3,41 мг/г. У леткій фракції трави анісу звичайного переважають транс-анетол (1,10 мг/г), ізоевгенолу ацетат (0,91 мг/г) і телунгіанін G (0,84 мг/г). На відміну від ефірної олії плодів і насіння анісу звичайного, де вміст транс-анетолу складає 90-96 %, у траві його знаходиться практично в 3 рази менше – 33,26 %.Висновки. Методом газової хроматографії досліджено якісний склад та кількісний вміст компонентів леткої фракції трави анісу звичайного. Ідентифіковано 11 сполук, серед яких із вмістом 33,26 % домінує транс-анетол

Infection Rate in the Population of Ticks <em>Hyalomma marginatum</em> in the Territory of the Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever (CHF) Natural Focus and Assessment of the Link with the CHF Incidence in the Stavropol Region

Objective of the study was to assess the infection rate in the population of the main CCHF virus vector Hyalomma marginatum and its impact on the CHF incidence in the Stavropol Region.Materials and methods. The data on spontaneous infection of H. marginatum ticks in the territory of the CHF natural focus in the Stavropol Region for the period 2012–2018 are presented. In total, more than 22.000 H. marginatum specimens pooled in 1546 samples were tested. The indication of CCHF virus was performed by PCR method using the reagent set for detecting RNA of the CCHF virus “AmplySens® CCHFV-FL” (produced by Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russia). To determine the individual infection rate in pools Beklemishev`s method was used. The data on CCHF incidence and amount of tick-bitten persons are taken from official statistics and Annual Epidemiological Report on CHF Incidence provided by the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Stavropol Region for the period of 2012–2018.Results and discussion. RNA of CCHF virus was detected in 161 (10.4 %) out of 1546 pooled ticks. The highest infection rate (20 %) was among nymphs. The infection rate for pooled males of H. marginatum was 11 % and for females – 8.5 %. Circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is confirmed in major part of the Stavropol Region. The average infection rate among H. marginatum population was 1.54 % for the period of 2012–2018, ranging from 0.23 % in 2014 to 2.97 % in 2017. It is established that the level of infection rate among H. marginatum population does not affect the CHF incidence in the Stavropol Region. Probably it is not the number of infected ticks in the population that determines the CHF incidence rate but their abundance

Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research

On April 5, 2023 a round-table discussion on “Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research” was organized by the Editorial Board of the “Higher Education in Russia” Journal with the Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy” in the framework of the International Scientific Congress “The Role of Business in Society Transformation – 2023”. Entrepreneurship education formation is a focus of interest as for scientists, and for practitioners as well all around the world. During a round-table there were discussed the actual research issues required attention of academic society. Research trends were defined and connected: 1) with values, identity and moral dimension; 2) with mentors’ experience; 3) with students’ experience

Results of Epizootiological Monitoring of Natural Foci for Bacterial Vector-Borne Infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters Region of the Stavropol Territory in 2018–2020

The aim of the study was to assess the epizootiological situation on bacterial vector-borne infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters area of the Stavropol Territory over the period of 2018–2020.Materials and methods. 3494 specimens of ticks (473 pools), 257 specimens of small mammals, 9 regurgitates of birds of prey and mammals, 7 excreta samples of small mammals, and 2 water samples were tested. Laboratory research of the field material was carried out using molecular-genetic, serological, biological methods. Statistical analysis of laboratory results was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2010. The data were mapped using QGIS 2.18 software.Results and discussion. The study revealed that the 44.8 % of collected ticks were positive for tick-borne borreliosis, 21.5 % – for tick-borne rickettsiosis, 10.3% – for human granulocytic anaplasmosis, 2.7 % – for Q fever, 0.84 % – for tularemia. There has been an increase in the percentage of positives for tick-borne borreliosis agent samples (more than three times) and a decrease in this indicator for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (1.5 times) as compared with 2010–2012. Investigation of tick infection with the agents of Q fever and tick-borne rickettsioses has not been previously conducted in the region. During the period under review, 19 pools of ticks had mixed infection, which indicates that there are combined foci of bacterial natural-focal infections with vector-borne transmission in the recreation zone of the Stavropol Territory. This necessitates preventive measures and systematical epizootiological surveys in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region

Assessment of the Application of Erythrocytal Diagnosticum (Lyophilizate) in Detecting Tularemia Agent in Natural Foci

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease with a wide geographical dissemination, and its causative agent Francisella tularensis can be used as a bioterrorism agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of a set of reagents “Erythrocytic immunoglobulin dry tularemia diagnosticum” (“DET-Ig”) with the help of control test strains and field material from natural tularemia foci. Materials and methods. Using the introduced erythrocyte diagnosticum, we studied the decontaminated cultures of test strains (F. tularensis Miura, F. tularensis 55, F. tularensis Schu, F. tularensis 15 NIIEG, Brucella abortus 544, B. melitensis 16-M, B. suis 1330, and Yersinia enterocolitica 64, Y. enterocolitica 178, Y. enterocolitica 383) and environmental samples suspected of containing F. tularensis. Results and discussion. It has been proven that the developed diagnosticum is specific, sensitive, and easy to use for routine diagnostics of tularemia. In the course of laboratory tests of the experimental series of the DET-Ig reagent kit, the possibility of qualitative determination of the tularemia agent in bacterial cultures, biological material and environmental samples in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination was demonstrated. Comparison of the results of use of erythrocyte diagnosticum in liquid and lyophilized forms showed the advantages of drugs after lyophilization: the possibility of transportation and long-term storage at any temperature conditions in various climatic conditions; the setting of the reaction is possible without the use of special diluents. The guaranteed storage term is set for two years (observation period). The results obtained indicate the prospects of introducing the developed drug into healthcare practice

Modern Conception of the Control over the Abundance of Carriers and Vectors of Plague in the Territory of the Russian Federation

Disinfestation and deratization remain the main ways of non-specific disease prophylaxis in natural plague foci. Modern strategies, tactics, methods and means of control over carriers and vectors of plague and associated infectious diseases are selected with due consideration to epidemiological potential of territories, epizootic activity of a foci, peculiarities of population ecology of animals that are of a medical significance, preservation of biodiversity in natural ecosystems, and the requirements for human and natural environments protection from pollutants

Improvement of Epidemiological Surveillance of Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and the Forecast of Their Epizootic Activity for 2023

The aim of the work was to assess the epidemic situation on plague in the world and epizootic activity of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation in 2022. Following the implementation of comprehensive preventive interventions plans, there was a decrease in the epizootic activity of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain natural foci, the cessation of plague epizootics in the Central Caucasian high-mountain focus. The total area of epizootics in the Russian Federation in 2022 reached 248.3 km2, which is 7 times less than in 2021. Infected animals were not found in the Tersko-Sunzhensky low-mountain, Dagestan plain-piedmont, Caspian North-Western steppe, Volga-Ural steppe, Trans-Baikal steppe, Volga-Ural sandy, Caspian sandy, East Caucasian high-mountain natural foci. Persistence of tense epizootiological situation in 2023 is predicted for the territory of the Altai Republic and the Republic of Tuva. The prospects of using the GIS portal of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor for an operational assessment of the actual epidemiological situation in natural plague foci are substantiated

Enhancement of Epidemiological Surveillance in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Forecast of Epizootic Activity for 2022

The aim of the research was to assess epizootic activity of natural plague foci in the Russian Federation in 2021 and provide a prognosis for 2022. Activation of epizootic process has been detected in Central-Caucasian high-mountain natural plague focus after a recess since 2007. Local epizootics persist to develop in Tuva Mountain and Gorno-Altai highmountain plague foci. Total area of epizooties in Russia in 2021 amounted to 1649.5 km2. 28 plague microbe strains were isolated. Animals infected with plague were not found in Tersko-Sunzhensky low-mountain, Dagestan plain-piedmont, Precaspian north-western steppe, Volga-Ural steppe, Trans-Baikal steppe, Volga-Ural sandy, Caspian sandy and EastCaucasian high-mountain natural plague foci. It is demonstrated that epidemiological welfare as regards plague in Russia in 2017–2021 was achieved through annual epizootic monitoring of plague-enzootic territories, timely epizooty detection and preventive activities aimed at reducing the risk of infection. Substantiated has been the forecast for tense epidemiological situation on the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Altai Republic and Tuva Republic in 2022. A new Epitracker application has been proven to be prospective for rapid assessment of actual epidemiological situation in natural plague foci