Spiritual and moral foundations of craft profession training

The relevance of the problem under consideration stemmed from the need of revival of craft education system in Russia which focuses on training personnel for small handicraft enterprises, and it is also very important to identify, to preserve and to adapt it to the modern realities of pedagogical experience which was gained by the vocational education system in the past. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for development of spiritual, moral, organizational and pedagogical foundations of craft vocational education development in Russia theoretically and methodologically. The central approach to the investigation of this problem is the study and generalization of pedagogical experience which makes it possible to substantiate the tendencies of formation of a new type of vocational education in Russia. The result of the study was the substantiation of the key qualities of a master craftsman as a creative thinker and craft labour as a man-making system of knowledge and practical experience forming “multidimensional human integrity”. The statement that modern craft education should take into account the productive and transforming essence of a person as fully as possible, and thus, it should be acmeologically oriented can be considered the key conclusion. The materials of the article can be useful to practitioners and vocational education scientists, teachers and postgraduate students who are interested in the development of teaching system and personnel training system. © 2018 by the authors

Craftsman training in modern socio-economic conditions

The article deals with the professionally important characteristics of the craftsmans activity; the factors that currently hinder the professional training of craftsmans; presents a number of provisions underlying the changes in the training of craftsmans in modern socioeconomic conditionsВ статье рассмотрены профессионально важные характеристики деятельности ремесленника; факторы, сдерживающие в настоящее время профессиональную подготовку ремесленников; представлен ряд положений, положенных в основу изменения подготовки ремесленников в современных социально-экономических условия

TEACHER OF VOCATIONAL CRAFT TRAINING: IDENTIFICATION, COMPETENCIES, TRAINING

. В статье рассматриваются некоторые подходы к обоснованию теоретических основ нового направления профессионально-педагогического образования по подготовке педагогов и мастеров по обучению ремесленным профессиямThe article discusses the theoretical foundations for the training of teachers and masters in teaching craft trade

Russian craft education: history and contemporaneity

In the article, the problems of the development of handicraft activities in the coming decades are examined through the prism of historical and cultural retrospection and assessment of the current state of handicraft and craft education in RussiaРассматриваются проблемы развития ремесленной деятельности в ближайшие десятилетия через призму историко-культурной ретроспекции и оценки современного состояния ремесленничества и ремесленного образования в Росси

Survival prognosis in individuals with a high spatial QRS-T angle

Aim. To evaluate medium-term survival without irreversible and fatal cardiovascular events in individuals with a high spatial QRS-T angle (sQRS-Ta) from a regional Russian sample.Material and methods. We analyzed 1394 electrocardiographic records from a random regional sample of men (30%) and women aged 25-64, which were included in the ESSE-RF1 study. Women were on average 5 years older than men, but there was no difference in mean age in the 45-64 groups. The follow-up period lasted 7 year; 26 irreversible events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and 63 composite endpoints (CEs) (irreversible event or heart failure progression or revascularization) were identified. Irreversible events and composite endpoint in men were noted more often than in women as follows: 3,7% vs 1,1% (p=0,003) and 6,9% vs 3,6% (p=0,01), respectively. sQRS-Ta was estimated as the angle between the integral QRS and T vectors in the orthogonal leads. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves using a log-rank test. Differences were considered significant at p≤0,05. Results. Sex groups did not differ in mean sQRS-Ta. sQRS-Ta ≥90o was considered to be increased. The divergence of survival curves by the end of follow-up period in men with increased sQRS-Ta relative to men with sQRS-Ta <900 was greater than in women as follows: 0,88 vs 0,96 for CE (p=0,0026) and 0,93 vs 0,96 for irreversible events (p=0,009); in women — 0,94 vs 0,98 for CE only (p=0,0016). Initial event and CE in men with increased sQRS-Ta occurred earlier than those with normal sQRS-Ta and then in women with increased sQRS-Ta. There were no differences in the frequency of sQRS-Ta increase among 45-64-year-old men and women, but irreversible events in men with increased sQRS-Ta occurred 5 times more often than in women. According to two-stage logistic regression, the probability of irreversible event in men is 4,35 times higher than in women (p=0,0002). After adjusting for sex, in individuals with increased sQRS-Ta, it is 2,75 times higher than in individuals with sQRS-Ta <90o (p=0,015).Conclusion. In men with increased sQRS-Ta (≥90o), survival without irreversible and fatal cardiovascular events was worse, and life expectancy was shorter than in men with normal sQRS-Ta or women with increased sQRS-Ta. The prognosis of irreversible events was significantly affected by male sex and sQRS-Ta increase

Relationship of depressive disorders with hypertension, its control and other metabolic risk factors in the Tyumen Oblast population of men and women. Data from the study “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF)

Aim. To study the association between depression and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension (HTN) and its control in a random sample of Tyumen Oblast population of men and women aged 25-64 years.Material and methods. The study object was a random sample of the population of the Tyumen and the Tyumen Oblast aged 25-64 years, examined as part of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. The study included 1658 participants. Among them, 30,3% (n=503) were men, while 69,7% (n=1155) — women. Mean age was 48,9±11,4 years. The prevalence of metabolic risk factors (hyperlipidemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, obesity), hypertension and the likelihood of its control in men and women with different levels of depressive disorders diagnosed using the HADS scale were assessed.Results. Compared with participants without depression, persons with psychological disorders were significantly more likely to have HTN (55,5% vs 47,6%, p<0,01), elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) (63,9% vs 54,0%, p<0,01) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (66,7% vs 60,3%, p<0,05), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (8,3% vs 5,2% p<0,05), obesity (49,2% vs 37,7%, p<0,01). Significantly more often hypertensive subjects without depression took antihypertensive drugs effectively (odds ratio (OR) — 1,747, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,001-3,053) and controlled blood pressure (OR — 1,533, 95% CI, 1,05-2,36). There was no association between the use of antihypertensives and the level of depressive disorders. Among women with depression (HADS>7), dyslipidemia (65,5% vs 57,4% for TC, p<0,05; 71,0% vs 62,9% for LDL, p<0,05), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (10,1% vs 5,2%, p<0,01), obesity (53,3% vs 43,2%, p<0,01), HTN (60,6% vs 45,6%, p<0,01) were more common. Men with clinical depression were more likely to have HTN (69,0% vs 47,7%, p<0,05), with a high level of depression — hyperlipidemia (58,9% vs 46,7% for TC, p<0,05; 67,1% vs 53,9% for LDL, p<0,05). Women with elevated depression levels were less likely to take antihypertensive drugs (30% vs 49,4%, p<0,01) and control hypertension (13,8% vs 21,2%, p<0,05).Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the association of depressive disorders with metabolic risk factors and the likelihood of HTN control, which is especially significant among women

Hospital Stage of Myocardial Infarction Treatment in 13 Regions of Russian Federation by Results of the International Research

Aim. To describe the characteristics of the patient with MI who is admitted to a hospital and to characterize the main diagnostic and treatment interventions in clinic. Material and methods. This study is observational and the part of big international project. It includes a representative sample of patients with MI admitted to 16 clinics in 13 regions of Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk region, Belgorod region, Bryansk region, Tver region, Saratov region, Rostov region, Samara region, the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm region, Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district, Kemerovo region, Altai region). Patients were selected at random from among those experiencing a MI that were alive on the next morning after hospitalization. Enrollment took place from June 2015 to August 2016. Results. Of 1,128 patients included in the study, 872 were male (77.3%) and 256 females. 21.4% of patients had a previous MI, 8.3% had undergone PCI, and 2.2% CABG. Turning to cardiovascular risk factors, 46.2% of patients smoked prior to hospitalization, 34.6% were obese and 52.1% had a high cholesterol level. Only 40.0% of patients had no contact with the health care system within 12 months before the MI. Every fourth patient (25.1%) had undergone dispensarisation within 12 months before MI, women significantly often than men (33.5% and 22.6%, p < 0.001). Initial revascularization was performed in 73.2% of patients, PCI was the initial revascularization attempt in 49.4% of patients, and PCI with stenting in 46.7%. Conclusion. Patient with a MI in Russian clinics is likely to have had a history of cardiovascular disease, and to have regular contact with the health care system within 12 months before the development of cardiovascular event. We demonstrated the high rates of appropriate MI treatment, without significant gender and age difference (except for thrombolysis), however, there is a reserve for increasing the proportion of patients who are undergoing revascularization

THE ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION WITH C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (THE DATA OF ESSE-RF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY)

Aim. To study the association of depression with a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level, taking into account the main risk factors and noncommunicable diseases in Russia residents.Material and methods. The data of ESSE-RF multicenter study (a representative sample of the unorganized male and female population aged 25-64 years from 8 regions surveyed in 2012-2014) were used in the work. A total 11884 people were involved into the study including 35.9% men. The examination included a survey on the standard questionnaire containing data on disease history, etc. The level of depression was assessed by the validated in Russian Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, 1983). hsCRP level was determined in all patients.Results. The continuing association between elevated levels of depression (HADS-D ≥8+) and high level of hsCRP ≥3.0 mg/l (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.27; p=0.009) was found in the multivariate model, after adjustment for sex, age, education, and risk factors. Reducing of the relationship of elevated levels of depression with a high level of hsCRP (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00-1.24; p=0.048) was found with the additional introduction of diseases in the model. This relationship was reduced to not statistically significant level (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.98-1.20; p=0.134) in the full model adjusted for regions.Conclusion. The reduced association of depression with hsCRP ajusted for aggregate risk factors was found in the study. This suggests about multifactor affecting on this relationship

Myocardial infarction in the population of some Russian regions and its prognostic value

Aim. To study the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population of Russian regions and its contribution to cardiovascular events.Material and methods. The analysis material was representative samples of the population aged 35-64 years from 11 Russian regions,  examined within the multicenter study “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions  of Russian Federation”. The response rate was about 80%. The study used a community-based  systematic stratified multiply random sample. During the study, information on prior MI was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometry and measurement of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with an automatic BP monitor were performed. Resting electrocardiography (ECG) was performed, followed by Minnesota coding. Major and minor QQS waves and STT segments were considered as ischemic  ECG abnormalities. Biochemical parameters were determined using an Arkhitect 000 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. The median prospective  follow-up was 6,21 [5,25; 6,75] years. A composite endpoint (CE) was analyzed, including cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI. During the follow-up period, 363 all-cause deaths were detected,  of which 134 were from cardiovascular diseases, while 196 — CEs. Statistical analysis was carried out in R 3.6.1 environment.Results. The MI prevalence among the Russian population was 2,9%; 5,2% for men and 1,5% for women,  increasing  with age. Men with prior MI were  more likely to take statins and beta-blockers  than women as follows: 39,0% vs 25,6% and 29,3% vs 27,1%, respectively. MI newly diagnosed within the follow-up  period was associated with the following risk factors (RFs): smoking, increased BP, HR, triglycerides and glucose.  For individuals with prior MI, a significant relationship was found only with smoking.  Multiple comparison  of the contribution of RFs, ECG abnormalities,  and prior MI showed  that the inclusion of ischemic ECG abnormalities in the analysis significantly increases  the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals without prior MI compared with individuals without both MI and ECG changes.  A high CE risk was noted in patients with prior MI: relative risk (RR), 4,73 (2,92-7,65); the addition of ischemic ECG abnormalities increased the RR to 5,75 (3,76-8,8).Conclusion. The RR of CEs in patients  with prior MI without or with ischemic ECG changes  is 4,73 and 5,75 times higher than in patients without MI and ECG abnormalities. The risk factors  identified  in this case cannot explain such an increase  in CEs. It is obvious  that people  with prior MI need  rehabilitation. The presence of RFs in patients with newly diagnosed  MI indicates insufficient primary prevention, which suggests  that strengthening preventive measures to eliminate conventional risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed  MI will help reduce the risk of recurrent MI or cardiovascular  mortality

Опыт лечения больного острым ишиоректальным парапроктитом, осложненным гангреной Фурнье, с применением локального отрицательного давления

The authors describe a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with an ischiorectal abscess complicated by extensive purulentnecrotic phlegmon on the anterior abdominal wall and right thigh. Topical negative pressure wound technique (NPWT) was used. Its combination with surgical debridement and rational systemic antibiotic therapy has been shown to contribute to successful treatment of this life-threatening pathology.В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение успешного лечения пациента с ишиоректальным абсцессом, осложненным обширной гнойно-некротической флегмоной передней брюшной стенки и правого бедра. В лечении применена методика локального отрицательного давления. Показано, что ее использование в сочетании с хирургической обработкой раны и рациональной системной антибактериальной терапией способствует успешному лечению данной угрожающей жизни патологии