Low and high intensity velocity selective coherent population trapping in a two-level system

An experimental investigation is made of sub-recoil cooling by velocity selective coherent population trapping in a two-level system in Sr. The experiment is carried out using the narrow linewidth intercombination line at 689 nm. Here, the ratio between the recoil shift and the linewidth is as high as 0.64. We show that, on top of a broader momentum profile, subrecoil features develop, whose amplitude is strongly dependent on the detuning from resonance. We attribute this structure to a velocity selective coherent population trapping mechanism. We also show that the population trapping phenomenon leads to complex momentum profiles in the case of highly saturated transitions, displaying a multitude of subrecoil features at integer multiples of the recoil momentum.Comment: 6 pages and 7 figure

Marxism in the built environment in Poland: its contribution and legacy

Due to its tangible character, the built environment constitutes a lasting evidence of past and present socio-economic phenomena. In Poland, these phenomena were developing for several decades according to the principles of Marxist ideology and its consequences. As a result, the built environment in Polish urban and rural areas was shaped by Marxist concepts and the resulting realities of centrally planned economy. Multi-family housing projects, vast and neglected post-industrial areas and monotonous, styleless buildings in rural areas are the main remnants of the period of what was known as "real socialism". The effects of Marxism on the built environment in Poland are mostly negative in economic and social terms, and the efforts to eliminate these effects often fail to improve the situation. Therefore, the legacy of Marxism in Polish space will still be visible for many years to come .

Color in context: psychological context moderates the influence of red on approach- and avoidance-motivated behavior.

A basic premise of the recently proffered color-in-context model is that the influence of color on psychological functioning varies as a function of the psychological context in which color is perceived. Some research has examined the appetitive and aversive implications of viewing the color red in romance- and achievement-relevant contexts, respectively, but in all existing empirical work approach and avoidance behavior has been studied in separate tasks and separate experiments. Research is needed to directly test whether red influences the same behavior differently depending entirely on psychological context. The present experiment was designed to put this premise to direct test in romance- and achievement-relevant contexts within the same experimental paradigm involving walking behavior. Our results revealed that exposure to red (but not blue) indeed has differential implications for walking behavior as a function of the context in which the color is perceived. Red increased the speed with which participants walked to an ostensible interview about dating (a romance-relevant context), but decreased the speed with which they walked to an ostensible interview about intelligence (an achievement-relevant context). These results are the first direct evidence that the influence of red on psychological functioning in humans varies by psychological context. Our findings contribute to both the literature on color psychology and the broader, emerging literature on the influence of context on basic psychological processes

Powiat – potencjalny podmiot planowania przestrzennego

Poland’s spatial development is affected by many problems, among which the chaos of development comes to the fore. The causes of these problems lie primarily in the defects of the spatial planning system. The municipality (gmina), which is the key entity in spatial planning, operates in organisational, economic and socio-political conditions which reduce the quality of planning. It remains under pressure from numerous private entities, primarily property owners, who are often also voters. These entities, in order to achieve economic benefits, demand that the municipality allocates the largest possible areas for development. The municipality itself is also interested in maximising the development on which it collects taxes. Furthermore, most Polish municipalities have a weak administrative capacity. Spatial development plans are therefore drawn up for their needs by hired professionals, often with little knowledge of the area and no interest in the quality of the studies. Many municipalities are also affected by depopulation processes, which in the long run may raise doubts as to the sense of their continued existence. At the same time, the county (powiat) self-government, functioning on the margins of spatial planning, is free of these circumstances. It has greater human, organisational and technical capacity and is generally more resistant to pressure from private entities. It may therefore have a greater inclination and capacity to look at space through the lens of public needs, including spatial order. Therefore, a stronger inclusion of the county in the spatial planning system could facilitate the basic objectives of this sector of planning.Polskie zagospodarowanie przestrzenne dotknięte jest wieloma problemami, wśród których najważniejszy jest chaos zabudowy. Przyczyny tych problemów leżą głównie w wadach sytemu planowania przestrzennego. Gmina, która jest kluczowym podmiotem planowana przestrzennego, działa w uwarunkowaniach organizacyjnych, ekonomicznych i społeczno-politycznych obniżających standard planowania. Jednocześnie samorząd powiatowy, funkcjonujący na marginesie planowania przestrzennego, jest wolny od tych uwarunkowań, Celem artykułu jest zatem wskazanie, dlaczego i w jaki sposób silniejsze zaangażowanie powiatu może ułatwić realizację zasadniczych celów planowania przestrzennego

„Lex Deweloper” a ład przestrzenny

The Act on facilitation the preparation and implementation of housing investments, commonly called as “Lex Developer”, in force since mid-2018, was enacted to ease the satisfaction of housing needs. However, its implementation may also have significant consequences for spatial order. The aim of the article is to identify these potentially negative effects. The Act creates, greater than the previous regulations, the possibility of determining the shape, also visual, of spatial development by spatial planning. At the same time, however, the implementation of this Act may deepen the dispersion of the development and, furthermore, generate spatial conflicts with the spatial development elements created on the basis of other regulations.Obowiązująca od połowy 2018 r. ustawa o ułatwieniach w przygotowaniu i realizacji inwestycji mieszkaniowych, zwana powszechnie „Lex Deweloper”, została uchwalona dla ułatwienia zaspokajania potrzeb mieszkaniowych. Jej realizacja może jednak mieć istotne skutki również dla ładu przestrzennego. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja tych potencjalnie negatywnych skutków. Ustawa tworzy większe niż dotychczasowe przepisy możliwości określania przez planowanie przestrzenne kształtu, także wizualnego, zagospodarowania przestrzeni. Jednocześnie realizacja tej ustawy może jednak pogłębiać rozproszenie zabudowy, a także generować konflikty przestrzenne z elementami zagospodarowania przestrzennego powstającymi na podstawie ustawy deweloperskiej i innych przepisów

Region turystyczny na tle teorii regionu ekonomicznego. Przyczynek do polskiej teorii

The term “tourist region” is used in different meanings, including the economic one. However, the continued existence of the economic region, its delimitation and structure are identified by various authors based on very different criteria. What is more, non-economic issues are of key importance among these criteria. In this situation, it is appropriate to note that a tourist region, in the economic sense, should be understood as an area whose economy is predominantly impacted by the economic effects of tourist traffic. Such an area consists of the “base” (comprising the tourist reception area) and the “facilities”, i.e. the area where the goods consumed in the reception area are produced. The mutual relations between the “base” and the “facilities” are appropriate for a node region where as internally, each of these parts has the character of a zone region

Prognostic and therapeutic significance of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as tumor marker in patients with pancreatic cancer

In pancreatic cancer ( PC) accurate determination of treatment response by imaging often remains difficult. Various efforts have been undertaken to investigate new factors which may serve as more appropriate surrogate parameters of treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the role of carbohydrate antigen 19- 9 ( CA 19- 9) as a prognostic tumor marker in PC and summarizes its contribution to monitoring treatment efficacy. We undertook a Medline/ PubMed literature search to identify relevant trials that had analyzed the prognostic impact of CA 19- 9 in patients treated with surgery, chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy for PC. Additionally, relevant abstract publications from scientific meetings were included. In advanced PC, pretreatment CA 19- 9 levels have a prognostic impact regarding overall survival. Also a CA 19- 9 decline under chemotherapy can provide prognostic information for median survival. A 20% reduction of CA 19- 9 baseline levels within the first 8 weeks of chemotherapy appears to be sufficient to define a prognostic relevant subgroup of patients ('CA 19- 9 responder'). It still remains to be defined whether the CA 19- 9 response is a more reliable method for evaluating treatment efficacy compared to conventional imaging. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

Are serial CA 19-9 kinetics helpful in predicting survival in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin?

Background: Serial kinetics of serum CA 19-9 levels have been reported to reflect response and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. We prospectively studied serial kinetics of serum CA 19-9 levels of patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Patients and Methods: Enrolled in the study were 87 patients (female/male = 26/61; stage III/IV disease = 24/63). Patients received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 plus cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15, every 4 weeks. Serum samples were collected at the onset of chemotherapy and before the start of a new treatment cycle (day 28). Results: 77 of 87 patients (88.5%) with initially elevated CA 19-9 levels were included for evaluation. According to imaging criteria, 4 (5.2%) achieved a complete remission and 11 (14.3%) achieved partial remission, yielding an overall response rate of 19.5%. 43 (55.8%) patients were CA 19-9 responders, defined by greater than or equal to50% decrease in CA 19-9 serum levels within 2 months after treatment initiation. Except for one, all patients who had responded by imaging criteria (n = 14) fulfilled the criterion of a CA 19-9 responder. Despite being characterized as non-responders by CT-imaging criteria (stable/progressive disease), 29 patients were classified as CA 19-9 responders (positive predictive value 32.5%). Independent of the response evaluation by CT, CA 19-9 responders survived significantly longer than CA 19-9 non-responders (295 d; 95% CI: 285-445 vs. 174 d; 95% CI: 134-198; p = 0.022). Conclusion: CA 19-9 kinetics in serum serve as an early and reliable indicator of response and help to predict survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving effective treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin

Quantum Memory with a controlled homogeneous splitting

We propose a quantum memory protocol where a input light field can be stored onto and released from a single ground state atomic ensemble by controlling dynamically the strength of an external static and homogeneous field. The technique relies on the adiabatic following of a polaritonic excitation onto a state for which the forward collective radiative emission is forbidden. The resemblance with the archetypal Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency (EIT) is only formal because no ground state coherence based slow-light propagation is considered here. As compared to the other grand category of protocols derived from the photon-echo technique, our approach only involves a homogeneous static field. We discuss two physical situations where the effect can be observed, and show that in the limit where the excited state lifetime is longer than the storage time, the protocols are perfectly efficient and noise-free. We compare the technique to other quantum memories, and propose atomic systems where the experiment can be realized.Comment: submitted to New Journal of Physics, Focus on Quantum Memor

Wigner crystal versus Fermionization for one-dimensional Hubbard models with and without long-range interactions

The ground state properties of Hubbard model with or without long-range interactions in the regime with strongly repulsive on-site interaction are investigated by means of the exact diagonalization method. We show that the appearance of $N$-crests in the density profile of a trapped N-fermion system is a natural result of "fermionization" between antiparallel-spin fermions in the strongly repulsive limit and can not be taken as the only signature of Wigner crystal phase, as the static structure factor does not show any signature of crystallization. On the contrary, both the density distribution and static structure factor of Hubbard model with strong long-range interactions display clear signature of Wigner crystal. Our results indicate the important role of long-range interaction in the formation of Wigner crystal.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure