Formal institutional environment influence on social entrepreneurship in developed countries

The existence of social entrepreneurs is beneficial for the establishment of a stable and just society dedicated to serving the needs of individuals and the creation of innovative market solutions. However, social entrepreneurs need an institutional environment of a proper quality to be able to function efficiently. On the one hand, the institutional environment should promote the development of social entrepreneurship, on the other, there is a need for designing direct-action social entrepreneurship institutions that would provide support and ensure the development of socially-oriented businesses, and promote grassroots initiatives in this sphere. Despite the fact that researchers are interested in this issue, there are very few quantitative studies assessing the impact of institutional environments for social entrepreneurs on a global scale. Furthermore, no attempts have been made to look at this phenomenon from an economic development standpoint, by assessing it in developed countries. The subject of the study is social entrepreneurship development and the role of formal institution environment on this process. In this study, the formal institutional environment of social entrepreneurship for developed countries will be investigated econ-ometrically. From this aspect, this study aimed to empirically evaluate whether regulative and normative institutions affect social entrepreneurship growth. As a result of the hypothesis testing, it is determined that a normative institutional environment such as investment freedom or economic growth have a positive influence on the development of social entrepreneurship in developed countries. These findings indicate that social entrepreneurship for its development needs fundamental economic changes and sustainable development. © 2018, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved

Innovation-Driven Evolution of the Sharing Economy in a Russian Region: The Case of Sverdlovsk Region

Relevance. The sharing economy, an emerging sector, encounters obstacles such as intricate regulations, insufficient funding, constraints in data collection infrastructure, and uncertainties in evaluation methodologies. For the best results, it is crucial to thoroughly examine risks and find effective ways for the sharing economy to grow in the region.Research objective. This study aims to examine trends in sharing economy development in a major Russian area, using the case of Sverdlovsk region as an example.Data and Methods. The study relies on scientific publications from Scopus, EBSCO, and RSCI databases, alongside proprietary indicators and websites of 19 representative companies. It introduces a methodology utilizing SimilarWeb and Yandex WordStat services to collect consumer behavior metrics from online sharing economy platforms in Russia and Sverdlovsk region.Results. Results reveal escalating interest in sharing economy transportation services, suggesting potential funding reallocations in the public sector. Additionally, the popularity of freelance exchanges in Sverdlovsk region indicates a substantial remote work talent pool. Although the labor market's sharing economy is in its nascent stage, it demonstrates future growth potential. Notably, the rental of goods and equipment holds considerable promise for growth in Russia's industrial regions.Conclusion. The study identifies a research challenge centered on the formulation of methodological principles for evaluating essential parameters within innovative sharing economy economic models at the regional level. Methodological guidelines are outlined, encompassing empirical assessments via SimilarWeb and Yandex WordStat services, with proposed indicators for analysis. Recommendations to support shared economy companies are also provided, serving as a potential blueprint for the government of Sverdlovsk region in their future planning endeavors

Food security against the background of unsustainably developing Russian economy: Price aspect

The paper considers food security from the perspective of the development of Russia’s economy in the form of a mixed economic model. Prices and incomes are an overriding concern in this process. The authors analyze the intricate nature of price in terms of consumer-producer interactions. Consideration is being given to views of reputed economists on price that involve different aspects of its nature. Features peculiar to the generation of the contemporary consumer’s aggregate income and purchasing behavior at different periods of time, i.e. from 1991 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2016, are shown. It ought to be noted that efforts towards food security are being made against the background of high inflation, the complicated system of end consumer incomes (e.g. money income, income in kind, and shadow income), and the existing mentality inherent in the nation

Principles of design of the institutional environment of local public goods

Building an effective institutional environment of local public goods (LPG) is a prerequisite for the optimal allocation of resources to provide the population with quality public goods. In this article a classification of local public goods was developed that is based on the types of roles that are performed by economic agents in the sector of local public goods, key economic agents involved in the production and consumption of local public goods were identified, the rules that govern the decision-making process on the creation of public goods were revealed, principles recommended for use in the development of the institutional environment of local public goods were set out based on the achievements of the institutional-evolutionary theory. Based on the analysis of the evolution of institutional design, principles of institutional design of local public goods were formulated. These principles include the principle of setting goals, the principle of taking into account the scope of LPG, the principle of functional completeness of LPG, the principle of consideration of the multiplicity of qualitative characteristics of LPG, the principle of taking into account the roles of economic agents and their incentives, the principle of sufficient financial support for LPG, the principle of adaptation of newly created or modified LPG to the current institutional environment, the principle of monitoring results of the institutional environment of LPG. The proposed principles emphasize the need to ensure the quality, price and territorial availability of local public goods, taking into account the local peculiarities as well as the diversity of the types of relations between the economic agents as regards the production of public goods. The theoretical significance of the results is the development of the provisions of the institutional design of local public goods.Построение эффективной институциональной среды локальных общественных благ является предпосылкой оптимального распределения ресурсов для обеспечения населения доступными общественными благами соответствующего качества. В данной статье на основе достижений институционально-эволюционной теории была разработана классификация локальных общественных благ, основанная на типах ролей, которые выполняют экономические агенты в секторе локальных общественных благ, определены ключевые экономические агенты, участвующие в процессе производства и потребления локальных общественных благ, раскрыты нормы и правила, которые регулируют процесс принятия решений по поводу создания общественных благ и определены принципы, рекомендуемые к использованию при разработке институциональной среды локальных общественных благ. На основе анализа эволюции институционального проектирования были сформулированы принципы институционального проектирования локальных общественных благ, включающие принцип постановки цели функционирования локальных общественных благ, принцип учета области применения локальных общественных благ, принцип функциональной полноты локальных общественных благ, принцип учета многогранности качественных характеристик лоб, принцип учета ролей экономических агентов и их стимулов при создании локальных общественных благ, принцип достаточного финансового обеспечения локальных общественных благ, принцип адаптации вновь созданного/видоизмененного локальных общественных благ к существующей институциональной среде, принцип мониторинга результатов функционирования институциональной среды локальных общественных благ. Разработанные в рамках исследования принципы делают акцент на необходимости обеспечения качества, ценовой и территориальной доступности локальных общественных благ, учета особенностей развития территориального образования, а также многообразия типов отношений между экономическими агентами в вопросе воспроизводства общественных благ. Теоретическая значимость полученных результатов состоит в развитии положений институционального проектирования при исследования сектора локальных общественных благ.Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект №14-06-0024 и Российского гуманитарного научного фонда, проект № 16-32-00003

Characteristics of a 1-year outpatient management of patients after myocardial infarction: data from a Russian multicenter study

Aim. To evaluate a 1-year outpatient management of patients after myocardial infarction (MI) aged <75 years according to a Russian multicenter study, as well as to assess compliance with recommendations on the frequency of visiting specialists and the performance of diagnostic examinations.Material and methods. This observational study includes a representative sample of MI patients admitted to 16 clinics in 13 Russian regions. Patients with MI who were alive the next day after hospitalization aged <75 years were included in the study according to a special randomization scheme. When writing this article, the data from questionnaires of 6 and 12 months after hospitalization were analyzed: the number of visits to doctors of various specialties, hospitalizations, the number of diagnostic procedures performed (electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and surgical interventions (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)). The study included a cohort of 723 patients who participated in the survey both 6 and 12 months after hospitalization (67% — patients discharged from the hospital), of which 562 (77,7%) were men and 161 (22,3%) — women. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 software for Windows.Results. In the first 6 months after MI, 218 (38,8%) men and 62 (38,5%) women visited the cardiologist the recommended number of times. However, 151 (20,9%) people were not monitored by a cardiologist in the first six months. There was a significant increase in the number of people not observed during the second 6 months up to 209 (28,9%) people (p<0,01). Of the 689 interviewed patients, 210 (30,5%) people visited the therapist the recommended number of times in the first six months, while in the second 6 months — 402 (58,4%) patients. It is also reasonable to single out patients who were not monitored by either a cardiologist or a general practitioner into a separate group. In the first 6 months, the total number of unobserved patients was 68 (7,5%), while in the second six months this number increased to 189 (25,9%). The recommended number of ECGs (4 or more times) was performed in 316 (40,4%) patients, while ECG was not performed in 35 (4,5%) patients. Echocardiography 2 or more times was performed in 194 (25,4%) patients. The procedure was not performed in 167 (21,9%) patients. During the first 6 months, 170 (22%) people were hospitalized, while 156 (20,2%) — during the second half of the year. Angioplasty during the first 12 months after discharge from the hospital was performed in 183 (23,1%) patients, CABG — in 41 (5,2%) patients without age and sex differences.Conclusion. Outpatient management of patients aged <75 years 12 months after MI characterized by low compliance with recommendations on the number of cardiologist consultations and diagnostic procedures, which may adversely affect adherence to the recommended drug treatment and lead to a worse prognosis

TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATORS AND PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD

The purpose of the article is to describe the taxonomic model thatallows diagnosing the levels of formation of the basic competencies of educators and parents in the conditions of realization of the federal state educational standard in preschool organizations. Methods. The methods of the research are based on qualimetric and competence approaches, which assume pedagogical expertise of the structure, content and levels of formation of basic competencies of subjects of educational process in the system of preschool education.Results. The need of formation of basic competences of teachers of the preschool educational institutions (PEI) and parents of the kindergarten children is proved. It is shown how this process has to be reproduced in the individual educational routes directed to creation of optimum conditions for development of the child of early age.Scientific novelty. A multi-functional taxonomic model of competencies formation among teachers and parents is proposed. This model reflects competenceoriented educational objectives of the members of educational process in preschool education, and makes it possible to examine the extent of its achievement.Practical significance. Presented in the article taxonomic model can be used in the system of retraining and advanced training of educators of preschool organizations, as well as training of parents of preschool children to the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of preschool education.Цель статьи – описание таксономической модели, позволяющей диагностировать уровни сформированности соответствующих требованиям федерального государственного образовательного стандарта базовых компетенций, которыми должны обладать педагоги дошкольных образовательных организаций и родители детей дошкольного возраста. Методология и методика. Исследование базировалось на квалиметрическом и компетентностном подходах, предполагающих педагогическую экспертизу структуры, содержания и уровней формирования базовых компетенций субъектов образовательного процесса в системе дошкольного образования. Результаты. Обоснована необходимость формирования базовых компетенций педагогов дошкольных образовательных учреждений (ДОУ) и родителей  детей, посещающих детские сады. Показано, как этот процесс должен воспроизводиться в индивидуальных образовательных маршрутах, направленных на создание оптимальных условий для развития ребенка раннего возраста. Научная новизна. Предложена многофункциональная таксономическая модель формирования компетенций педагогов и родителей дошкольников. Данная модель отображает компетентностно-ориентированные образовательные цели субъектов образовательного процесса в системе дошкольного образования и позволяет диагностировать степень их достижения.Практическая значимость. Представленная в статье авторская модель может использоваться в системе переподготовки и повышения квалификации педагогов ДОУ, а также при обучении родителей дошкольников – воспитанников этих учреждений

The additive technology to obtain a three-dimensional model of the 81Cu-19Ni alloy

This paper is devoted to the selective laser smelting (SLS) method description for the article made of powder of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy and the study of the structure and characteristics of the three-dimensional article made using additive technology. To make a 3D model the copper-nickel alloy powder was produced in our laboratory. The chemical composition, microstructure, density, surface roughness and microhardness of an article made of powders of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy are considered. A comparative analysis of the structure, physical and mechanical properties of a sample obtained by the SLS method and the annealed rolled plate was carried out. The article microstructure is characterized by the absence of a typical signs of a crystalline structure and contains elements of a quasi-amorphous state. At the same time, the obtained material differs from the standard monolith billet with a lower surface roughness and a higher hardness values while maintaining almost the same density indices. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Lüders deformation in specimens made of normalized 09G2S steel

The features of Lüders deformation in the normalized 09G2S steel are studied by the methods of digital image correlation, topography, and scanning electron microscopy of specimen faces. The paper studies the appearance, growth, structure, and location of deformation bands, as well as plastic strain in them. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: AAAA-A18-118020190116-6The study was performed at the IMP UB RAS under a state assignment from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (theme Structure, No. AAAA-A18-118020190116-6) and within the research plan of the IES U

On partial derivatives of multivariate Bernstein polynomials

It is shown that Bernstein polynomials for a multivariate function converge to this function along with partial derivatives provided that the latter derivatives exist and are continuous. This result may be useful in some issues of stochastic calculus