Reaction Mechanisms of the Proton - Deuteron Breakup Process at GeV Energies

The deuteron fragmentation by fast protons has been studied both near the kinematics of quasi-free proton - proton scattering and far away from it. We have concentrated on the interplay between different reaction mechanisms associated with the antisymmetrization of the initial and final states and rescattering contributions. A multiple-scattering-expansion technique has been applied to evaluate the reaction amplitude. An essential element of this approach in the momentum representation is the use of the effective nucleon- nucleon interaction constructed by Love and Franey as a two-body t-matrix for the incident proton scattering on a bound nucleon in the deuteron. Along with the five-fold cross sections, the proton analyzing power and the deuteron analyzing powers have been calculated as function of the momentum of the outgoing fast proton. The results are compared with the data obtained by the Gatchina-Saclay collaboration.Comment: LaTeX, 27 pages, 11 figures, to be published in Few Body System

Thermal destruction of vessels with liquid upon heating

A new engineering technique of calculating the heating and thermal destruction of vessels containing liquid under extreme thermal loading conditions is offered. The heating of the shell and the internal vessel volume is described on the basis of the thermodynamic approach. The pressure growth in a vessel is a result of gas heating and liquid evaporation. Stresses within the shell and its destruction conditions are determined, which allows predicting the critical time of destruction upon heating. The calculation and experimental data for pressure growth inside the vessel are in good agreement

Експериментальне дослідження ефективності Глюкваміну при тубулярному ураженні нирок

Topicality. Tubular damages take an important place among the causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore while searching the effective drugs for CKD treatment it is advisable to study their effect on the tubular apparatus of a pathologically altered kidney.Aim. Experimental study of  Gluquamine efficacy in the case of tubular kidney damage to substantiate the advisability of its using in CKD therapy.Materials and methods. Mercuric chloride nephropathy in rats was used as a model of tubular renal damage. Diuresis, excretion and clearance of creatinine, tubular reabsorption, urinary activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, γ-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were determined in animals.Results and discussion. 3 weeks after the nephropathy induction under the influence of Gluquamine there was a significant increase relatively to untreated animals of the diuresis, excretion and clearance of creatinine, tubular reabsorption, which indicates the normalization of kidneys functional state. There was also a positive effect on markers content of kidneys tubular apparatus damage, which was manifested in a significant decrease in the level of enzymuria. At the same time by the degree of influence Gluquamine significantly exceeded the activity of comparative drugs quercetin and lesprefil by the majority of parameters.Conclusions. In the conditions of tubular kidney damage development leading to emergence of renal failure, Gluquamine has a pronounced nephroprotective effect and is a promising drug in CKD therapy.Актуальность. Тубулярные поражения занимают важное место среди причин возникновения хронической болезни почек (ХБП). Поэтому при поиске эффективных средств лечения ХБП целесообразно исследование их влияния на тубулярный аппарат патологически измененной почки.Цель работы. Экспериментальное изучение эффективности препарата Глюквамин при тубулярном поражении почек для обоснования целесообразности применения в терапии ХБП.Материалы и методы. В качестве модели тубулярного поражения почек использовали сулемовую нефропатию у крыс. У животных определяли диурез, экскрецию и клиренс креатинина, канальцевую реабсорбцию, активность в моче ферментов лактатдегидрогеназы, γ-глутамилтрансферазы и N-ацетил-β-D-глюкозаминидазы.Результаты и их обсуждение. Через 3 недели после воспроизведения нефропатии под влиянием Глюквамина наблюдалось достоверное увеличение относительно нелеченных животных диуреза, экскреции и клиренса креатинина, канальцевой реабсорбции, что свидетельствует о нормализации функционального состояния почек. Также наблюдалось положительное влияние на содержание маркеров поражения тубулярного аппарата почек, что проявлялось в достоверном уменьшении уровня ферментурии. При этом по степени влияния Глюквамин по большинству показателей достоверно превосходил активность препаратов сравнения кверцетина и леспефрила.Выводы. В условиях развития тубулярного поражения почек, приводящего к возникновению почечной недостаточности, Глюквамин оказывает выраженное нефропротекторное действие и является перспективным средством лечения ХБП.Актуальність. Тубулярні ураження посідають вагоме місце серед причин виникнення хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН). Тому при пошуку ефективних засобів лікування ХХН доцільним є дослідження їх впливу на тубулярний апарат патологічно зміненої нирки.Мета роботи. Експериментальне вивчення ефективності препарату Глюквамін при тубулярному ураженні нирок для обґрунтування доцільності застосування в терапії ХХН.Матеріали та методи. В якості моделі тубулярного ураження нирок використовували сулемову нефропатію у щурів. У тварин визначали діурез, екскрецію та кліренс креатиніну, канальцеву реабсорбцію, активність у сечі ферментів лактатдегідрогенази, γ-глутамілтрансферази та N-ацетил-β-D-глюкозамінідази.Результати та їх обговорення. Через 3 тижні після відтворення нефропатії під впливом Глюкваміну спостерігалось вірогідне збільшення діурезу стосовно нелікованих тварин, екскреції та кліренсу креатиніну, канальцевої реабсорбції, що свідчить про нормалізацію функціонального стану нирок. Також спостерігався позитивний вплив на вміст маркерів ураження тубулярного апарату нирок, що проявлялось у вірогідному зменшенні рівня ферментурії. При цьому за ступенем впливу Глюквамін за більшістю показників вірогідно перевершував активність препаратів порівняння кверцетину та леспефрилу.Висновки. За умов розвитку тубулярного ураження нирок, що призводить до виникнення ниркової недостатності, Глюквамін чинить виражену нефропротекторну дію та є перспективним засобом лікування ХХН.

Modelling a Particle Detector in Field Theory

Particle detector models allow to give an operational definition to the particle content of a given quantum state of a field theory. The commonly adopted Unruh-DeWitt type of detector is known to undergo temporary transitions to excited states even when at rest and in the Minkowski vacuum. We argue that real detectors do not feature this property, as the configuration "detector in its ground state + vacuum of the field" is generally a stable bound state of the underlying fundamental theory (e.g. the ground state-hydrogen atom in a suitable QED with electrons and protons) in the non-accelerated case. As a concrete example, we study a local relativistic field theory where a stable particle can capture a light quantum and form a quasi-stable state. As expected, to such a stable particle correspond energy eigenstates of the full theory, as is shown explicitly by using a dressed particle formalism at first order in perturbation theory. We derive an effective model of detector (at rest) where the stable particle and the quasi-stable configurations correspond to the two internal levels, "ground" and "excited", of the detector.Comment: 13 pages, references added, final versio

Study of deuteron-proton charge exchange reaction at small transfer momentum

The charge-exchange reaction pd->npp at 1 GeV projectile proton energy is studied in the multiple-scattering expansion technique. This reaction is considered in a special kinematics, when the transfer momentum from the beam proton to fast neutron is close to zero. The differential cross section and a set of polarization observables are calculated. It was shown that contribution of the final state interaction between two protons is very significant.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

International ratings as a factor of perception of Belarus and neighboring countries

The article puts forward the hypothesis that that the information contained in the ratings, due to its accessibility, prevalence and authority of the rating developers, is taken into consideration by economic agents when making decisions. Such agents include private companies, households, national governments and international organizations. At the same time, the models of bounded rationality (the satisfaction model, the costs model and the reliability model) remain dominant in the behavior of economic agents in the Belarusian economy. The analysis of the results obtained allows to conclude that it is necessary to take measures to improve the image of Belarus, which is formed and broadcasted by international ratings. Using the categories "Satisfaction Model", "Cost Model", "Reliability Model", "National Branding", the impact of international ratings on economic development is analyzed. The influence and perception created by the position of Belarus in international rankings in comparison with Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Ukraine on its economic development has been substantiated by creating prerequisites for investment decisions of economic agents and the formation of trends in the international capital market and migration of human capital. Based on the analysis of 33 international ratings, a conclusion was made that Belarus's position in them is a constraining factor in its economic development