Encapsulation of water insoluble drugs in mesoporous silica nanoparticles using supercritical carbon dioxide

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM – 41 were synthesized with two dimensional hexagonal p6mm symmetry, high specific surface area(~ 980m2/g) narrow pore size and an average particle size of 186 nm. The produced nanoparticles were used to encapsulate carbamazepine through a supercritical carbon dioxide process combined with various organic solvents. Supercritical processing was found to provide increased drug encapsulation. The loaded MCM - 41 nanoparticles were analyzed using X–ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate the crystalline state of the encapsulated carbamazepine and it was found to be dependent on the nature of the organic solvent. Carbamazepine showed increased dissolution rates under sink conditions. Viability studies of Caco – 2 cells demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity for the MCM–41 nanoparticles

A short note on a mutation of Cheema-sahebi (Syn. Selection-7)

Kurze Mitteilung iiber eine Mutante von Cheema-sahebi (Syn. Selection-7)Die Trauben- und Beerenmerkmale einer spontan entstandenen Knospenmutante der Tafeltraubensorte Cheema-sahebi werden beschrieben. Die Beeren der Mutante sind gegenüber der Ausgangsform auffällig verlängert. Während diese bei Verpackung und Transport 8-100/o ihrer Beeren verliert, zeichnet sich die Mutante durch eine hohe Haftfestigkeit ihrer Beeren aus

Lipid peroxide, glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme (GST) in mixed zooplankton from the North- West Coast of India: Implication for the use of environmental monitoring

This work deals with an experiment on mixed zooplanktonic organisms collected from the shore water of Diu coast. The study analyzed and measured lipid peroxidation (LPX), as a marker of oxidative stress and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, as a marker of organic pollution. Both LPX and GST activities were highest at the stations close to the shore and marginally decreased along with transect. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were highly variable. The results were discussed in relation to the biomarker application of mixed zooplankton, lipid peroxidation (LPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that, the three potential markers (LPX, GST and GSH), could be used as a measure for bio-monitoring the costal ecosystem using mixed zooplankton as suitable organisms.Key words: Zooplankton, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione

Studies on pollen morphology of Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae)

Pollen morphology of four species of Ipomoea viz., Ipomoea fistulosa (Mart. exChoisy), I. palmata Forssk, I. quamoclit L. and I. triloba L. (Convolvulaceae) from Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Campus have been examined by Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pollen grains are usually pantoporate, radially symmetrical ,circular in outline, tectum echinate, circular aperture between the spine, suboblate-oblate spheroidal or spheroidal. Among the four species of Ipomoea maximum pollen size(97.39-100.86μm) across was found in I. quamoclit whereas, minimum pollen size (59.17-65.75 μm) across was noted in I. palmata. The maximum spine length (8-14μm) was recorded in I. palmata, while it was minimum (4.99-7.33μm) in I. triloba. Considering pore size all four species of Ipomoea showed close similarities with minor differences. Sculpturing pattern was found to be uniform in all studied species of Ipomoea

Review of Multimodal Biometric Identification Using Hand Feature and Face

In the era of Information Technology, openness of the information is a major concern. As the confidentiality and integrity of the information is critically important, it has to be secured from unauthorized access. Security refers to prohibit some unauthorized persons from some important data or from some precious assets. So we need accurateness on automatic personal identification in various applications such as ATM, driving license, passports, citizen's card, cellular telephones, voter's ID card etc. Unimodal system carries some problems such as Noise in sensed data, Intra-class variations, Inter-class similarities, Non-universality and Spoof attacks. The accuracy of system is improved by combining different biometric traits which are called multimodal. This system gives more accuracy as it would be difficult for imposter to spoof multiple biometric traits simultaneously. This paper reviews different methods for fusion of biometric traits

Sugar, acid, and nitrogen in the developing berries of some grape varieties

Periodical data regarding changes in total nitrogen, total acid and total sugar of the developing berries revealed that the total nitrogen in dry weight basis increased very rapidly between 10-20 days after anthesis and decreased subsequently until maturity of berries. The maximum N content 20 days after anthesis is thought to coincide with the period of maximum requirement of N at this stage for building up of the various tissue. The total acidity in developing berries showed the familiar pattern of gradual rise to 40 days after anthesis, followed by a gradual decline until maturity of berries. The maximum coincides with low night temperatures, indicating greater synthesis of acids at low temperatures. The gradual reduction of acidity until maturity corresponcled with the rise in day temperature suggesting the respiration of acids at high temperatures.The sugar accumulation in developing grape berries started 50 days after anthesis. The rate of accumulation was very high from 60-80 days after anthesis. This period coincides with the beginning of the third stage of berry growth.Zucker, Säure und Stickstoff in den wachsenden Beeren einiger RebsortenDer Gehalt an Gesamtstickstoff, Gesamtsäure und Gesamtzucker in wachsenden Beeren wurde in regelmäßigen Abständen ermittelt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß der Gesamtstickstoff, auf das Trockengewicht bezogen, in der Zeitspanne zwischen 10 und 20 Tage nach der Anthese sehr schnell zunahm und danach bis zur vollen Beerenreife wieder absank. Es wird vermutet, daß der Höchstgehalt 20 Tage nach der Anthese mit der Phase eines maximalen Stickstoffbedarfes für den Aufbau der verschiedenen Gewebe zusammenfälllt.Die Gesamtsäure in den wachsenden Beeren zeigte das bekannte Bild eines allmählichen Anstiegs während einer Dauer von 40 Tagen nach der Anthese sowie einer darauffolgenden allmählichen Abnahme bis zur vollen Reife der Beeren. Das Maximum fällt mit niedrigen Nachttemperaturen zusammen und zeigt eine stärkere Säuresynthese bei niedrigen Temperaturen an. Der allmähliche Säureabbau entspricht dem Anstieg der Tagestemperaturen und läßt eine Veratmung der Säuren bei hohen Temperaturen vermuten.Die Zuckerakkumulation in wachsenden Beeren begann 50 Tage nach der Anthese. Die Akkumulationsrate war in der Zeitspanne zwischen 60 und 80 Tage nach der Anthese sehr hoch. Diese Periode fällt mit dem Beginn der dritten Phase des Beerenwachstums zusammen