Solubility, Activity Coefficients and the Separation Factor of U/Pr Couple in Ga-In Alloys of Different Compositions in Fused LiCl-KCl-CsCl Eutectic

The equilibrium potentials of Pr3+/Pr couple, triple Pr-Ga-In and U-Ga-In alloys vs Cl-/Cl2 reference electrode at the temperature range 723-1073 K in fused LiCl-KCl-CsCl eutectic were carried out by open-circuit potentiometry. The principle thermodynamic properties, solubility and the activity coefficients of praseodymium in gallium-indium alloys, containing 20, 40 and 70 wt% indium were determined. It was established a strong interaction between atoms of Pr and liquid alloys. The temperature dependences of the separation factor of U/Pr couple vs the composition of gallium-indium alloys were calculated. © 2020 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited

DNA markers in oat breeding for crown rust resistance (a review)

Crown rust is the most harmful disease of oat (Avena sativa L.) around the world. The purpose of this review is to analyze and generalize the available information about DNA markers developed for oat breeding for resistance to crown rust. The review reveals the mechanisms of the A. sativa resistance to the fungus Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss. which causes crown rust disease. Special attention is paid to the race-specific resistance caused by the action of Pc genes and the nonspecific resistance controlled mainly by the loci of quantitative traits. Strategies for creating resistant genotypes and the role of molecular markers in oat breeding for crown rust resistance are discussed. Currently, research is focused mainly on the search for and development of molecular markers related to the oat race-specific resistance to P. coronata.The article presents the technological advantages and disadvantages of the existing DNA markers. KASP, TaqMan and HRM markers are currently the most promising technologies for identifying crown rust resistance genes. The validated SCAR and STS markers for the Pc39, Pc68, Pc91, Pc94 genes are recommended as the most available for implementation in practical oat breeding. The results of recent studies on identifying loci of nonspecific resistance to P. coronata are also presented. In general, the use of DNA markers has significant potential for creating oat genotypes resistant to crown rust under present-day conditions. DNA markers of various types are recommended for practical use, in particular for pyramiding genes and increasing the resistance period of new cultivars. Introduction of DNA markers into oat breeding will increase with the growth of molecular genetic data and the improvement of technologies for identifying genes and loci associated with both race-specific and nonspecific resistance of oat to P. coronata

Biological Impact of γ-Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Magnetic Biosensor Applications

The biological activity of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), obtained by the laser target evaporation technique, was studied, with a focus on their possible use in biosensor applications. The biological effect of the MNPs was investigated in vitro on the primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts. The effects of the MNPs contained in culture medium or MNPs already uptaken by cells were evaluated for the cases of the fibroblast’s proliferation and secretion of cytokines and collagen. For the tests related to the contribution of the constant magnetic field to the biological activity of MNPs, a magnetic system for the creation of the external magnetic field (having no commercial analogues) was designed, calibrated, and used. It was adapted to the size of standard 24-well cell culture plates. At low concentrations of MNPs, uptake by fibroblasts had stimulated their proliferation. Extracellular MNPs stimulated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8)) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the presence of MNPs did not increase the collagen secretion. The exposure to the uniform constant magnetic field (H ≈ 630 or 320 Oe), oriented in the plane of the well, did not cause considerable changes in fibroblasts proliferation and secretion, regardless of presence of MNPs. Statistically significant differences were detected only in the levels of IL-8/CXCL8 release.The study was supported by the program of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (project 121032300335-1). This work was financially supported, in part, by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RF (grant FEUZ-2020-0051) (G.Yu. Melnikov) and University of the Basque Country Research Groups Funding (grant IT1245-19) (G.V. Kurlyandskaya)

High-efficiency freezing-induced loading of inorganic nanoparticles and proteins into micron- and submicron-sized porous particles

We demonstrate a novel approach to the controlled loading of inorganic nanoparticles and proteins into submicron- and micron-sized porous particles. The approach is based on freezing/thawing cycles, which lead to high loading densities. The process was tested for the inclusion of Au, magnetite nanoparticles, and bovine serum albumin in biocompatible vaterite carriers of micron and submicron sizes. The amounts of loaded nanoparticles or substances were adjusted by the number of freezing/thawing cycles. Our method afforded at least a three times higher loading of magnetite nanoparticles and a four times higher loading of protein for micron vaterite particles, in comparison with conventional methods such as adsorption and coprecipitation. The capsules loaded with magnetite nanoparticles by the freezing-induced loading method moved faster in a magnetic field gradient than did the capsules loaded by adsorption or coprecipitation. Our approach allows the preparation of multicomponent nanocomposite materials with designed properties such as remote control (e.g. via the application of an electromagnetic or acoustic field) and cargo unloading. Such materials could be used as multimodal contrast agents, drug delivery systems, and sensors

Technologies for the Formation of Skills of the Future in Russian Federal Universities

В статье представлен анализ опыта применения различных технологий формирования навыков будущего у студенческой молодежи федеральными вузами России. В основе анализа сравнение по таким критериям, как применение цифровых технологий, использование методов проектирования и проектного обучения, реализация специальных программ формирования навыков будущего в рамках учебного процесса, структурное обеспечение процесса формирования навыков будущего.The article presents an analysis of the experience of using various technologies for the formation of future skills among students by federal universities of Russia and foreign universities. The analysis is based on comparison according to such criteria as the content, results of the technology, its organization, prevalence in the student environment

Глобальное неравенство и особенности развития современной Африки

The article examines the main trends and forecasts of Africa’s development. The global inequality is seen by the authors as a key factor threatening the continent today and the future. As it shows by the authors, the global inequality influences on the development of Africa differentlly: by social, economical, ecological, political aspects. The certain aspects and statistical characteristics of inequality such as poverty, resources’ deficit (food shortages and water crisis) are analyzed by the present study. Degradation of the environment is happening due to the irrational use of nature that becomes an inhibitory factor in development of the African continent. A comprehensive analysis of current and forecasted demographic indicators has been carried. Africa’s role in the future demographic processes has been characterized, considering that the continent is of the rising “demographic giants”. Migration processes from Africa to the European Union countries has been assessed, as well as the prospects of an increasing inflow of migrants from Africa to Russia. As a consequence of demographic influence together with the adverse environmental impact, the authors point to extremely low standard of living, social inequality, disordered urbanization. However, despite the fact that Africa in the early 21st century is associated with conflicts (interstate and civil wars, inter-ethnic clashes), uncontrolled migration, insurmountable poverty, environmental disasters, hunger, deadly diseases, drug production and export, the authors note that global interest in Africa and the economic community first of all significantly increases in the third millennium. It is concluded that there is a need for a balanced assessment of the main risks and benefits of Russian-African relations at the present stage. Future planning of Russian-African relations must to take into account both the tremendous natural resources and demographic potential of Africa together with the global challenges and threats it bears.В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции и прогнозы развития Африки на современном этапе. В качестве ключевого фактора, угрожающего как настоящему, так и будущему региона, авторы выделяют глобальное неравенство, подчеркивая его комплексное, всеобъемлющее влияние на развитие Африканского континента. В работе проанализированы отдельные аспекты и статистические характеристики неравенства в Африке: проблемы бедности, дефицит ресурсов (продовольствия, “водный кризис”), которые уже сегодня наряду с экологическими бедствиями стали мощным тормозом развития для африканского населения. Также авторами проведен комплексный анализ современных и прогнозных демографических показателей, на основании чего выявлена роль Африки как одного из “демографических гигантов” в будущих мировых демографических процессах. Дана оценка развития миграционных процессов из Африки в страны Европейского союза и перспектив увеличения потока мигрантов из стран Африки в Россию. Как следствие влияния глобального неравенства, демографического фактора в совокупности с неблагоприятным воздействием окружающей среды, авторы указывают на крайний низкий уровень жизни, проблемы стихийной урбанизации. Однако несмотря на то что Африка в начале XXI в. ассоциируется с конфликтами (межгосударственные и гражданские войны, межэтнические столкновения), неуправляемой миграцией, непреодолимой нищетой, экологическими катастрофами, голодом, смертоносными болезнями, производством и вывозом наркотиков, авторы отмечают, что интерес к Африке со стороны мирового, прежде всего, экономического, сообщества, существенно возрастает в третьем тысячелетии, что, по мнению авторов, вызывает необходимость взвешенной оценки основных рисков и выгод развития российскоафриканских отношений на современном этапе, при планировании которых необходимо учитывать, как огромный природно-ресурсный и демографический потенциал Африки, так и глобальные вызовы и угрозы, которые он несет

ОБ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ «ДОКУМЕНТАЦИОННОЕ И ПРАВОВОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ» И ФГАОУ ВО «РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Discusses continuing professional education taking into account changes in the modern higher school. Proposed approaches to the modeling of professional education programs «Documentation and legal support activities of educational organizations» Russian state vocational pedagogical University.Рассматривается дополнительное профессиональное образование с учетом изменений в современной высшей школе. Предложены подходы к моделированию профессиональной образовательной программы «Документационное и правовое обеспечение деятельности образовательной организации» в Российском государственном профессионально-педагогическом вузе

Проектирование модульной дополнительной профессиональной образовательной программы «Документационное и правовое обеспечение деятельности образовательной организации» в ФГАОУ ВО «Российский государственный профессионально-педагогический университет»

The article deals with the design features of modular educational programs and their application in additional professional education, as well as in the conditions of professional development and retraining. The authors of the article made an attempt to highlight the features inherent in educational modules, declared the competitive advantages of modular educational programs. The features of designing modular educational programs in additional professional education are formulated.В статье рассматриваются особенности проектирования модульных образовательных программ и их применение в дополнительном профессиональном образовании, а также в условиях повышения квалификации и переподготовки. Авторами статьи сделана попытка выделения признаков присущим образовательным модулям, заявлены конкурентные преимущества модульных образовательных программ. Сформулированы особенности проектирования модульных образовательных программ в дополнительном профессиональном образовании