Evolution of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> El Tor and Detection of Their Gene-Variants in the Caucasus

, rstC genes), and 7 strains – to the genotype I. Genotypes I and II (genetically altered ones) are the hybrid variants of the El Tor biovar producing CT of the first type

MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA

Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC PROPERTIES OF STRAINS - CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF CHOLERA - ISOLATED IN UKRAINE IN 1994 - 2011

Aim. Retrospective analysis of biological and molecular-genetic properties of strains - causative agents of cholera - isolated in the period of epidemics in Ukraine in 1994 - 2011. Materials and methods. Phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of 5 strains of cholera vibrios, biovar El Tor isolated from cholera patients and 4 strains from the environmental samples were studied using traditional bacteriological and genetic methods. Detection of DNA for toxigenicity genes and genes characteristic for El Tor and classic biovar were carried out by PCR method using reagent kits «AmpliSens- Vibrio cholerae FRT» and «.Vibrio cholerae ctxB-rstR-rstC genes, REF» (an experimental test system). Sequencing of genomes of 4 strains of causative agents of cholera was carried out in genetic analyzer Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Results. Strains of cholera vibrios identified in Ukraine in 1994 and 2011 such as a typical toxigenic biovar El Tor (V cholerae 01, El Tor, Ogawa, Hly-, ctxA+, tcpA+) contain genes of the classic cholera vibrio in their genome and are genetically altered (hybrid) variants of cholera vibrio biovar El Tor producing enterotoxin CT1 and having increased virulence, that was clinically manifested in predominance of severe forms of cholera in Mariupol of Donetsk region in 2011. Genome sequences of the 4 studied strains were deposited into the international database DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank. Conclusion. The studied isolates were established to belong to a clade of strains associated with cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Asian continent, from where genetically altered strains of cholera vibrios biovar El Tor were introduced to Haiti in 2010, based on results of comparison of genomic sequences of the studied strains with genomes of V. cholera strains from the international database GenBank

Unification in modal logic

National audienceIn this talk, we will give a survey of the results on unification in modal logic and we will present some of the open problems whose solution will have a great impact on the future of the area. After an introductory part about unification in equational theories, we will consider the case of Boolean unification, we will study the unification problem in Intuitionistic Propositional Logic and transitive normal modal logics like K4, we will introduce the notions of projective and transparent unifiers and we will define filtering unification. Then, we will present the latest results obtained within the context of unification in description logics and in multimodal, tense and epistemic logics