306 research outputs found
Win at All Costs or Lose Gracefully in High-Stakes Competition? Gender Differences in Professional Tennis
This article examines line-call challenges by male and female professional tennis players in major tournaments around the world. In terms of utilization rates, we find that the genders behave similarly. Nevertheless, we do detect some intriguing gender differences in these challenges. First, male players’ challenges are more likely to be provoked by those of their opponents. More importantly, at tiebreaks, females are more likely to reverse an umpire’s unfavorable call, while males make relatively more unsuccessful challenges. Furthermore, we find that men are a lot more likely to make “embarrassing” line-call challenges at tiebreaks and offenses (i.e., when the shot lands at the opponent’s side of the tennis court) than women. These significant gender differences suggest that women particularly diverge from men at crucial junctures of the match such as tiebreaks. Differences in factors such as risk aversion, overconfidence, pride, shame, and strategic signalling behavior might help us to explain these gender-difference findings in line call challenges
N=2 SYM Action as a BRST Exact Term, Topological Yang Mills and Instantons
By constructing a nilpotent extended BRST operator \bs that involves the
N=2 global supersymmetry transformations of one chirality, we show that the
standard N=2 off-shell Super Yang Mills Action can be represented as an exact
BRST term \bs \Psi, if the gauge fermion is allowed to depend on the
inverse powers of supersymmetry ghosts. By using this nonanalytical structure
of the gauge fermion (via inverse powers of supersymmetry ghosts), we give
field redefinitions in terms of composite fields of supersymmetry ghosts and
N=2 fields and we show that Witten's topological Yang Mills theory can be
obtained from the ordinary Euclidean N=2 Super Yang Mills theory directly by
using such field redefinitions. In other words, TYM theory is obtained as a
change of variables (without twisting). As a consequence it is found that
physical and topological interpretations of N=2 SYM are intertwined together
due to the requirement of analyticity of global SUSY ghosts. Moreover, when
after an instanton inspired truncation of the model is used, we show that the
given field redefinitions yield the Baulieu-Singer formulation of Topological
Yang Mills.Comment: Latex, 1+15 pages. Published versio
Noncommutative gravity coupled to fermions: second order expansion via Seiberg-Witten map
We use the Seiberg-Witten map (SW map) to expand noncommutative gravity
coupled to fermions in terms of ordinary commuting fields. The action is
invariant under general coordinate transformations and local Lorentz rotations,
and has the same degrees of freedom as the commutative gravity action. The
expansion is given up to second order in the noncommutativity parameter
{\theta}. A geometric reformulation and generalization of the SW map is
presented that applies to any abelian twist. Compatibility of the map with
hermiticity and charge conjugation conditions is proven. The action is shown to
be real and invariant under charge conjugation at all orders in {\theta}. This
implies the bosonic part of the action to be even in {\theta}, while the
fermionic part is even in {\theta} for Majorana fermions.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX. Revised version with proof of charge conjugation
symmetry of the NC action and its parity under theta --> - theta (see new
sect. 2.6, sect. 6 and app. B). References added. arXiv admin note:
substantial text overlap with arXiv:0902.381
The maximally entangled symmetric state in terms of the geometric measure
The geometric measure of entanglement is investigated for permutation
symmetric pure states of multipartite qubit systems, in particular the question
of maximum entanglement. This is done with the help of the Majorana
representation, which maps an n qubit symmetric state to n points on the unit
sphere. It is shown how symmetries of the point distribution can be exploited
to simplify the calculation of entanglement and also help find the maximally
entangled symmetric state. Using a combination of analytical and numerical
results, the most entangled symmetric states for up to 12 qubits are explored
and discussed. The optimization problem on the sphere presented here is then
compared with two classical optimization problems on the S^2 sphere, namely
Toth's problem and Thomson's problem, and it is observed that, in general, they
are different problems.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, small corrections and additions to contents and
reference
Heterotopic allogenic and autogenic ovarian transplantation in rabbits: assessment and comparison of the morphological and endocrine characteristics
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Using Administrative Data to Count and Classify Households with Local Applications
Households rather than individuals are being increasingly used for research and to target and evaluate public policy. As a result accurate and timely household level statistics have become an increasing necessity especially at local level. However, official sources of information on households are fragmented with significant gaps and inaccuracies that limit their usefulness. This paper reviews present statistical arrangements and then describes a new approach to data collection and household classification which combine various local administrative sources. An intermediate step is the creation of local population counts which are converted into household types and these methods are described in two companion papers previously published in this journal. The utility and advantages of the approach are demonstrated using the example of the six Olympic London Boroughs for whom the data collection was undertaken in 2011 and the analysis subsequently
InGaN/GaN based LEDs with electroluminescence in violet, blue, and green tuned by epitaxial growth temperature
[No abstract available
Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation
Different F5 recombinant inbred lines
from the cross Yumai 34 Ă— Ukrainka were grown in
replicated trials on a single site in one harvest year at
Rothamsted Research. A total of 10 samples from those
lines were harvested and used in a broiler experiment.
Twenty nutritionally complete meal-form diets that had
630 g/kg of wheat with different amounts of pentosan,
with and without exogenous xylanase supplementation,
were used to compare broiler growth performance and
determine apparent metabolizable energy corrected for
N retention (AMEn). We examined the relationship between the nutritive value of the wheat samples and their
chemical compositions and results of quality tests. The
amounts of total and water soluble pentosans in wheat
samples ranged from 36.7 to 48.0 g/kg DM, and 6.7 to
11.6 g/kg DM, respectively. The mean crude oil and
protein contents of the wheat samples were 10.5 and
143.9 g/kg DM, respectively. The average determined
value for the kinematic viscosity was 0.0018 mPa.s, and
2.1 mPa.s for the dynamic viscosity. The AMEn of the
wheat-based diets had a maximum range of 0.47 MJ/kg
DM within the ten wheat samples that were tested. Xylanase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) dietary
AMEn, dry matter, and fat digestibility coefficients.
There was a positive (P < 0.05) relationship between in
vitro kinematic viscosity of the wheat samples and the
total pentosan content. There was a negative relationship between the total pentosan content in the wheat
and broiler growth performance. An increase by 10 g of
pentosan per kg of wheat reduced (P < 0.001) daily feed
intake and weight gain by 2.9 g and 3.5 g, respectively.
The study shows that the feeding quality of wheat samples can be predicted by their total pentosan content.
Supplementary xylanase improved energy and nutrient
availability of all wheat samples that was independent
of differences in pentosan content
An integrated framework for optimizing sculptured surface CNC tool paths based on direct software object evaluation and viral intelligence
PtrWRKY19, a novel WRKY transcription factor, contributes to the regulation of pith secondary wall formation in Populus trichocarpa
WRKY proteins are one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants and play diverse roles in various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that some WRKY members act as negative regulators of secondary cell wall formation in pith parenchyma cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of pith secondary wall formation in tree species remains largely unknown. In this study, PtrWRKY19 encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis WRKY12 was isolated from Populus trichocarpa. PtrWRKY19 was expressed in all tissues tested, with highest expression in stems, especially in pith. PtrWRKY19 was located in the nucleus and functioned as a transcriptional repressor. Ectopic expression of PtrWRKY19 in an atwrky12 mutant successfully rescued the phenotype in pith cell walls caused by the defect of AtWRKY12, suggesting that PtrWRKY19 had conserved functions for homologous AtWRKY12. Overexpression of PtrWRKY19 in poplar plants led to a significant increase in the number of pith parenchyma cells. qRT-PCR analysis showed that lignin biosynthesis-related genes were repressed in transgenic plants. In transcient reporter assays, PtrWRKY19 was identified to repress transcription from the PtoC4H2 promoter containing the conserved W-box elements. These results indicated that PtrWRKY19 may function as a negative regulator of pith secondary wall formation in poplar
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