Multidimensional Index Modulation in Wireless Communications

In index modulation schemes, information bits are conveyed through indexing of transmission entities such as antennas, subcarriers, times slots, precoders, subarrays, and radio frequency (RF) mirrors. Index modulation schemes are attractive for their advantages such as good performance, high rates, and hardware simplicity. This paper focuses on index modulation schemes in which multiple transmission entities, namely, {\em antennas}, {\em time slots}, and {\em RF mirrors}, are indexed {\em simultaneously}. Recognizing that such multidimensional index modulation schemes encourage sparsity in their transmit signal vectors, we propose efficient signal detection schemes that use compressive sensing based reconstruction algorithms. Results show that, for a given rate, improved performance is achieved when the number of indexed transmission entities is increased. We also explore indexing opportunities in {\em load modulation}, which is a modulation scheme that offers power efficiency and reduced RF hardware complexity advantages in multiantenna systems. Results show that indexing space and time in load modulated multiantenna systems can achieve improved performance

Review of Literature on Rural Road Improvement

Rural roads are the tertiary road system in total road network which provides connectivity for the rural population to market and other facility centres. In India rural roads are being planned and programmed in the favour of overall rural development, and tried to provide all weather connectivity with some level of achievement. The investment of funds for road development provided policy guidelines and priorities for rural roads. Improvement of rural road is needed where satisfactory results are not obtained

Effect of Different Levels of Inorganic Fertilizer and Bio-Fertilizer for Soil Amelioration Growth and Yield of Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (November- April) 2015-2016 to study the “Effect of bio-fertilizer and different levels of inorganic fertilizers for soil amelioration growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)”at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology Science, Allahabad, The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK ( 0%, 50%, 100%, RDF ) kg ha-1 and three levels of Bio-fertilizer (PSB, Rhizobium and PSB + Rhizobium 75% t ha-1 The treatments combinations were replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication .The treatment combination T6 [Rhizobium + 100% RDF [N (25 kg ha-1),P(60 kg ha-1),K(20 kg ha-1)] gave the best result with the respect to plant height (82.02cm), number of branches plant-1 (16.93), Number of leaves plant-1(81.33), number of nodules plant-1 (13.27), fresh weight of plant (g)(114.93), dry weight of plant (g) 22.73 it gave highest number of pods plant-1 18.27, number of seeds pod-1-6.73, length of pod (cm)-7.00 and test weight 253.07g. Combined use of inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizers resulted in significant increase on enrichment of soil fertility status. The treatment T6 resulted in a slight decrease in soil PH 7.00 and significantly increases EC 0.277dSm-1, bulk density 1.34 g cm-3, particle density 2.67 g cm-3, soil pore space 49.69%, % organic carbon 0.81%, available N 330.59 Kg ha-1, P 32.37 Kg ha-1, K 197.85 Kg ha-1 in the soil .From the economical point of view, the same treatment gave the maximum profit of Rs 64,413with C:B ratio of 1: 2.34

Intrinsic Curie temperature bistability in ferromagnetic semiconductor resonant tunneling diodes

We predict bistability in the Curie temperature-voltage characteristic of double barrier resonant-tunneling structures with dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor quantum wells. Our conclusions are based on simulations of electrostatics and ballistic quantum transport combined with a mean-field theory description of ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B; typo removed in revised version - spurious eq.12 immediately after eq.1

Comparison between incremental shuttle run test and Harvard’s step test on peak exercise performance in healthy males: a cross-sectional study

Background: Cardiovascular fitness is directly related to the physical health of the person. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the major criteria to decide the cardiovascular fitness of an individual. To help quantify the fitness level by calculating their VO2max, there are various indirect maximal tests available but out of these, which one would predict VO2max better, is a major concern. Hence the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two indirect maximal tests i.e. Incremental Shuttle Run Test (ISRT) and Harvard’s Step Test (HST) on peak exercise performance in young healthy males.Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed on healthy untrained 100 males of age group 18-25 years. Day 1 subjects performed ISRT on 20 m track and after a 48 hours rest period, on day 3 same subject performed Harvard’s step test. Pre and post-test parameters (Pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and RPE) were measured and predicted VO2max was calculated.Results: Post-test parameters i.e. PR, RR, SBP significantly increased (p=0.00*) by Harvard’s step test. The diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly (p=0.3) for both the tests. Rating of perceived exertion by both the test was of the range 17-19 (very hard to maximal). Calculated predicted VO2max was significantly more by ISRT than HST in males (p=0.00*).Conclusions: Incremental shuttle run test is more efficient in predicting VO2max than Harvard’s step test in healthy adult’s males

Clinical assessment of functional outcome in lateral epicondylitis managed by local infiltration of autologous blood

Lateral epicondylitis is a well known elbow disorder known to affect a variety of population. Though the disorder is expected to affect alot of sports personnel, the incidence is not uncommon in persons ofhousehold activities. The management comprises of conservative tooperative with a dilemma of what to be done in most of the affected population. A large number of interventions have been tried to delineatethe best modality but none of them proved to be conclusive. The aim of the present study was to prove the efficacy of cheapest possible interventional modality autologous blood for treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis. Twenty five patients of Tennis elbow were included in this study who have attended the OPD of GSVM Medical College and associated LLR Hospital, Kanpur from November 2007 to April 2008 and fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. 78% were females, mostly housewivesinvolved in regular household activities. All the patients were infiltratedautologous blood with local anaesthetic infiltration. Patients were deprivedof regular activities for 3 weeks after infiltration. Follow up was done atweekly interval for 2 weeks and then at 6th week and 12th week. Assessment was done using Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) and Verhaar etal scoring system. Total follow up period was 3 months. We observed thatthe mean VAS score improved from preinfiltrative 6.40±1.22 to 0.48±1.53with p value being < .001. 64% patients showed excellent results and 32%showed good results as per Verhaar et al scoring system on 12 weeksfollow up. One patient did not respond to this procedure and showed poorresult as per Verhaar et al score. Therefore, autologous blood infiltration isa safe and effective modality in treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis.KEY WORDS: Lateral epicondylitis; Autologous blood infiltratio

Factors affecting treatment outcome among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in urban Pondicherry, India

Background: Many factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcome. Objective: To find out the factors affecting treatment outcome among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in urban Pondicherry, Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 265 PTB patients from 6 randomly selected urban PHCs of Pondicherry from Jan 2013 to March 2014. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used. Data were entered in Epi-data v3.1 and was analysed by SPSS v20. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were used. Results:&nbsp;Out of 265 patients registered 235 (88.7%) patients were included. The Majority were males (79.6%), and Mean (SD) age was 44±14 years. The Majority (83.4%) were formally educated, 74% were employed, and 77% received Cat I treatment. Prevalence of alcohol drinkers, current smokers and smokeless users was 31.5%, 23.5%, 9.4% respectively. A total of 14.5% had bad treatment Outcome Univariate analysis showed that Current smoker and Category II PTB treatment had significantly associated with bad outcome (p value-&lt;0.05). In Multivariate analysis, Category II PTB treatment [AOR = 3.5 (1.6-7.8)] had significantly associated with bad outcome (p value-&lt;0.05) after adjusted with age group, gender, Smoking and alcohol status Conclusion: Current Smoking and Category II PTB Treatment were the major factors affecting the TB treatment outcom

Quantum direct communication protocol using recurrence in k-cycle quantum walk

The ability of quantum walks to evolve in a superposition of distinct quantum states has been used as a resource in quantum communication protocols. Under certain settings, the $k$-cycle discrete-time quantum walks\,(DTQW) are known to recur to its initial state after every $t_r$ steps. We first present a scheme to optically realize any $k$-cycle DTQW using $J$-plate, orbital angular momentum\,(OAM) sorters, optical switch, and optical delay line. This entangles the polarization and OAM degrees of freedom\,(DoF) of a single photon. Making use of this recurrence phenomena of $k$-cycle DTQW and the entanglement generated during the evolution, we present a new quantum direct communication protocol. The recurrence and entanglement in $k$-cycle walk are effectively used to retrieve and secure the information, respectively, in the proposed protocol. We investigate the security of the protocol against intercept and resend attack. We also quantify the effect of amplitude damping and depolarizing noises on recurrence and mutual information between polarization and OAM DoF of a single photon.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure