The effectiveness of stress inoculation group training (SIT) on reducing job stress of employees of RAZAK pharmaceutical company in Tehran

Background and aims Despite the fact that work is the major part of human life and the source of satisfying the sense of idealism, innovation and the feeling of consent in the individual, but it is one of the most important factors of creating stress in today's societies. One of the most efficient methods of interfering in stress inoculation group training (SIT). The aim of the present research is the investigation of the efficacy of the stress inoculation group training (SIT) on reducing career stress of employees of Razak Co.'s employees.     Methodsthis study is an intermediary study and the research method is experimental of pretest and posttest type with control group. 46 of subjects whose score in career stress test was above the average score were selected as sample, and were replaced in simple random way in two groups of test and control. 8-session test group of 1.5 hours each received team immunity training against stress. Both groups were tested and evaluated three times at the same time (pretest, posttest and follow up).   Resultsafter adjusting the posttest scores based on pretest scores, the results of one-way covariance pretest showed that stress inoculation group training (SIT) had a meaningful influence on reduction of career stress on employees. Also the results of multivariable covariance analysis (Mankoa) showed that this effect existed in every component of career stress, i.e. exceeding accountability, responsibility of others, very high working pressure, decision making that influences the others, and understanding of self as an individual not quite competent and qualified. In follow up studies after one month, the results showed that stress inoculation group training (SIT) has a stable influence on reduction of career stress and it components.   Conclusion on the base of the obtained findings from research and effectiveness from the stress inoculation group training (SIT) , it is recommended to apply this therapeutic approach in all industrial and organizational centers as an effective therapeutic approach to reduce career stress and increase organizational productivity.

The Effect of Sexual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Females\' Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitude, and Sexual Self-Confidence. A Case Study in Shiraz, Iran

1.Nikkhoo MR. Avadais yance, Hamayak. Females Sexual life. 4th ed.Tehran: sokhan 2001 9-10. 2.Warnock JJ. Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. CNS Drugs 200216(11):745-53. 3.Spence SH. Psychosexual therapy. Translation by Hassan tuzandejani, 1380. 3th ed. Tehran: Peyk farhang 199110. 4.Arman S. Females sexual dysfunction comparison between pre and post menopause. Journal of Arak university of medicine 2005 8(3):2-7. 5.Besharat MA. Sexual problems and sexual therapy. Journal of Counseling Research and Development 1998 9(10): 2-9. 6.Eshghi R, Bahrami F, Fatehizade M. The study of effectiveness couple sexual cognitive-behavioral therapy on improvement of sexual self- confidence, sexual self-disclosure and sexual knowledge in frigid women in Isfahan. PhD Dissertation. Esfahan university: Psychology univer Sity, 2006. 7.Middlelton LS, Kuffel SW, Heiman JR. Effectes of Experimentally Adopted Sexual Schemas on Vaginal Response and Subjective Sexual Arousal. Journal Sex behavior 2008 10:2-4. 8.Whestheimer R, Lopater S. Human Sexuality: A psychology perspective. 2th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkins 2005 220. 9.Giami A, De Colomby P.Sexology as a profession in France. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2003 32(4):371. 10.Azgoli G, Torkzahraie SH, Valaie N, Khushabi K. The study of attitude and satisfaction sexual relationship in women in Shahid Beheshti medicine university1379. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti Medicine University, 2000. 11.Owhadi B. Human sexual behavior. 8st ed. Esfahan: Sadeghhedayat 2005 19-35. 12.Caballo VE. International handbook of cognitive and behavioral treatments for psychological disorders. 3thed. Granada: Spain1998 110. 13.Hoyer J, Uhmann S, Rambow Jana, Jacobi F. Reduction of sexual dysfunction: by product of cognitive- behavioural therapy for psychological disorders. Journal Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2009 24:64-73. 14.Jacques JDM, Lankveld V, Everaerd W, Grotjohann Y. Cognitive-behavioral Bibliotherapy for sexual Dysfunctions in Heterosexual Couples. Journal of sex research 2001:645-47. 15.Dehghani A, Mohammad KP, Yunesi J. The effectiveness of sexual skills education on couples sexual attitude. MSc degree. Tehran: Rehabilitation University, 2003. 16.Masters W, Johnson V. Human Sexual Response. Translation by Behnam Owhadi. 6ed. Esfahan: Sadegh Hedayat 2004,9-35. 17.Bancroft J. Human sexuality and its problems. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1989 10-68. 18.McMullen S, Rosen RC. Self-administrating masturbation treating in the treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction. Journal of Consulting and Cilinical Psychology 1979 47:912-8. 19.Gellman C. Behavioral approach to sexual dysfunction. Encephale 1983 14: 49B-55B. 20.Langer M, Zimmerman SW, Duncan C. Decision-making orientation and AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Hispanic, African- American, and White adleseents. Health psychology. 12, 227-234. Abstract retrieved Aug 8, 2005, from Psych INFO database. 21.Lawrence S, Janet S. African- American adolescents knowledge, health- related attitudes, Sexual behavior, and contraceptive decisions: Implications for the prevention of adolescent HIV infection. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 200515: 104-112.Abstract retrieved Jul 15, 2007, from Psych INFO database,. 22.Shojayizade D, Ghobbe N, Mansurian M editors. The effectiveness of Health education couples on Sexual attitude about contraception means. Sexual health position in fertility and infertility seminar: 2003. 15-18: Tehran. Tehran Shahid Beheshti University of Medicine 2004. 23.Usefi E, Besharat M, Yunesi J. An investigation of the correlation between Sexual knowledge and attitude with marital satisfaction among serried couples Inhabiting in married students dormitory at shahid beheshti university. Quarterly journal of Iranian Counseling Association Winter 2008,Vol.6,No26,27-39

Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

To characterize peri-ictal apnea and postictal asystole in generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) of intractable epilepsy. This was a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients ≥18 years old with intractable epilepsy and monitored GCS. Video-EEG, thoracoabdominal excursions, nasal airflow, capillary oxygen saturation, and ECG were analyzed. We studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. Nineteen patients had generalized epilepsy; 65 had focal epilepsy; 1 had both; and the epileptogenic zone was unknown in 2. Ictal central apnea (ICA) preceded GCS in 49 of 121 (40.4%) seizures in 23 patients, all with focal epilepsy. Postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) occurred in 31 of 140 (22.1%) seizures in 22 patients, with generalized, focal, or unknown epileptogenic zones. In 2 patients, PCCA occurred concurrently with asystole (near-SUDEP), with an incidence rate of 10.2 per 1,000 patient-years. One patient with PCCA died of probable SUDEP during follow-up, suggesting a SUDEP incidence rate 5.1 per 1,000 patient-years. No cases of laryngospasm were detected. Rhythmic muscle artifact synchronous with breathing was present in 75 of 147 seizures and related to stertorous breathing (odds ratio 3.856, 95% confidence interval 1.395-10.663, p = 0.009). PCCA occurred in both focal and generalized epilepsies, suggesting a different pathophysiology from ICA, which occurred only in focal epilepsy. PCCA was seen in 2 near-SUDEP cases and 1 probable SUDEP case, suggesting that this phenomenon may serve as a clinical biomarker of SUDEP. Larger studies are needed to validate this observation. Rhythmic postictal muscle artifact is suggestive of post-GCS breathing effort rather than a specific biomarker of laryngospasm

The Relation of Career Indecision and Parental Attachment among Iranian Undergraduate Students

Career indecision particularly among college and undergraduate students is a concern of counselors and psychologists. This concern has led to numerous research studies related to career indecision and factors that influence it, such as family relationships. In this regard, several studies have reported a significant relationship between career indecision and parental attachment. However, little research has been undertaken on the influence of this factor in regard to career indecision for Iranian students. For this purpose, 158 Iranian freshmen and sophomores who had completed the ‘Career Decision Scale’ (Osipow et al., Journal of Vocational Behavior 9:233–243, 1976) and had been identified as career-undecided, completed the ‘Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment-Revised’ (Armsden & Greenberg, Journal of Youth and Adolescence 16:427–453, 1987). The results revealed that a significant negative relationship was found between career indecision and attachment to mother, whilst the relationship between career indecision and attachment to father was not significant. However, regression analysis showed parental attachment did not significantly predict career indecision of students. Implications and recommendations for further research are discussed