Study of correlation of crystalluria and hematuria for lithiasic and non lithiasic subjects

Objective: To detect a correlation between crystalluria and symptomatic hematuria, which may be indicative of urological or kidney disease. Methods: A total of 617 first morning urine from 306 patients, including 59 urolithiasic subjects and 247 patients with other urinary tract problems but without lithiasis, were collected and analyzed by a light microscope and urine dipsticks. Meanwhile, 202 urines from 100 healthy subjects were analyzed to compare results. Results: Results show that in patients with hematuria, 81.08% of urolithiasis, 32.39% of patients without urolithiasis and 21.88% of controls had a positive crystalluria. The crystalline species most encountered in urolithiasis was whewellite with 37.84% followed by uric acid dihydrate with 21.62%. Conclusions: In most cases, the formation and growth of a calculi are the result of urinary disorders, metabolic, infectious or anatomical, whose identification can provide prophylactic and preventive measures of recurrence kidney stones

Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal stability of the novel coordination polymer of general formula: {[(H₂O)Ba(<i>μ</i>-H₂O)Ba(OH₂)₄]@[(C₂O₄)₂Al(<i>μ</i>-OH)₂Al(C₂O₄)₂].H₂O}n^§

The novel coordination polymer of general formula {[(H2O)Ba(μ-H2O)Ba(OH2)4]@ [(C2O4)2Al(μ-OH)2Al(C2O4)2].H2O}n (1), has been synthesized in water and characterized by FTIR spectra, elemental and thermal analyses, and by full X-ray structure determination. Compound 1 crystallizes in an interesting nonmolecular coordination network where oxalato ligands μ-bridge neighboring Ba(II) and Al(III) centers. The asymmetric unit of 1 consists of one cationic tri-μ-oxygen-bridged pseudo-dimer - formally [(H2O)Ba1(μ-H2O)Ba2(OH2)4]4+ - one centrosymmetric anionic di-μ-hydroxido-bis[cis-bis(oxalato)aluminate] dimer - [(C2O4)2Al1(μ-OH) 2Al2(C2O4)2]4- - and one solvent water molecule. The Ba2+ ions in the cationic dimer are both ten-coordinate and 4.335(1) Å apart. The Al3+ ions in the anionic dimer each experience distorted octahedral coordination by six O atoms, being distant by 2.854 Å in average and centered at two independent lattice positions related by the P21/n space group symmetry. The anionic dimers are interconnected amongst themselves via O-H***O bridgings across the hydroxido groups into 1-D pillars that run parallel to [001]. These negatively charged pillars are tightly cross-linked via coordinate bonds of oxalato O atoms to the cationic Ba dimers. Coulombic interactions between the ionic motifs and extended 3-dimensional H-bonding involving solvent water molecules as well, concur to consolidate the bulk structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that compound 1 is stable to heat up to 400 °C