Occurrence of the <i>FBF</i>7 fire blight resistance locus in accessions of apple wild species (<i>Malus</i> Mill.)

Background. Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora (Burill) Winslow et al.) is a dangerous disease of fruit crops. In the Russian Federation, fire blight is one of the quarantine diseases. Apple resistance to fire blight is controlled polygenically. However, the data on the genotypes of Malus Mill. wild species and varieties in the context of individual resistance loci are scarce. The purpose of the research was studying the genetic collection of apple wild species according to the FBF7 fire blight resistance locus to identify promising sources of resistance to E. amylovora.Materials and methods. The materials of this study included 23 wild and two cultivated apple-tree species (50 accessions) from the genetic collection of the I.V. Michurin FSC. The FBF7 QTL for fire blight resistance was identified with the flanking SCAR-markers AE10-375 and GE-8019, and SSR-marker CH-F7-Fb1.Results and conclusion. The GE-8019 marker was identified in 50.0% of the apple accessions, AE10-375 in 76.0% of the accessions, and CH-F7-Fb1 in 30.0%. Inter- and intraspecific polymorphism of the Malus genus was revealed for the analyzed resistance locus, as well as for individual DNA markers linked to the FBF7 QTL. The GE-8019 and AE10-375 markers flanking the FBF7 QTL were found in 42.0% of the studied genotypes. Meanwhile, three diagnostic markers (GE-8019, AE10-375, and CH-F7-Fb1) were identified only in 7 accessions: M. × robusta var. persicifolia (Carr.) Rehd. (к-41279), M. × cerasifera var. hiemalis Spach. (к-2342) (Ser. Baccatae), M. sylvestris (L.) Mill. (k-73 and k-123), M. × spectabilis var. albi plena (Ait.) Borkh. (к-2416) (Ser. Malus), M. × sargentii (Rehd.) Langenf. (k-2428) (Ser. Toringonae), and M. coronaria (L.) Mill. (к-2336) (Ser. Coronariae). These forms are promising genetic sources of resistance to E. amylovora

Energy efficiency of world's leading copper producers

This paper provides an overview of the leading role that energy efficiency plays in the development of modern socio-economic systems, which serve as the foundation for building green economies. The main purpose of the paper is to develop a methodological toolkit for assessing energy efficiency of large industrial complexes and test it on the world's largest metallurgical complexes. The central object of the research is the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC), which mainly specializes in the production of copper and copper-based products. The study follows a comparative analysis of a set of preliminary selected energy efficiency indicators obtained from UMMC with those of the world's leading copper manufacturers and copper-based products. At the same time, in accordance with the methodical approach, it is proposed to divide the energy efficiency indicators of an industrial complex into three levels: the level of an industrial complex as a whole (1); the level of certain types of products manufactured in the industrial complex (2); the level of the technological process (3). To obtain summarized (synthetic) energy efficiency estimates of the industrial complex, the hierarchy analysis method has been proposed. For the comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators of UMMC, the authors chose the following companies: Norilsk Nickel and Russian Copper Company and leading world companies, such as Glencore Xstrata Plc (Switzerland), Codelco (Chile), KGHM Polska Miedz SA (Poland), and Vedanta Resources (India). The obtained results revealed that UMMC strongly lags behind in a number of key energy efficiency indicators. During 2010-2016, a negative trend was observed in the majority of UMMC enterprises. The results also showed the practical applicability of the given methodical approach and the possibility of its wide use in solving energy efficiency problems of Russian industrial complexes for their strategic development. © 2020 WIT Press, www.witpress.co

Hybrid functional materials for tissue engineering : synthesis, in vivo drug release and SERS effect

The research presents the designing new hybrid biocompatible materials aimed to bone tissue engineering with enhanced osteoconductivity and functionality. The scaffolds consisted of electrospun polymeric matrix, modified with porous calcium carbonate (vaterite) coatings, were developed and studied. The subcutaneous implantation tests in vivo with white rats demonstrated the high degree of biocompatibility of vaterite-mineralized scaffolds. Moreover, the performed in vivo release of bioactive molecules, immobilized in mineral coating of scaffold, allowed to control the regeneration process in tissues in the implantation area. Also, the decoration of mineralized scaffold with silver nanoparticles exhibited the capability of exploiting these materials as effective substrates with providing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for precise detection of low concentrations of analyte. In this way, developed scaffolds can be promising materials with enhanced functionality of tissue regeneration, in vivo drug release and detection for designing novel smart devices for biomedicine

Children’s myocardiodystrophy (literary review)

Myocardiodystrophy (MCD) is a secondary non – inflammatory lesion of the heart muscle that occurs when metabolic processes are disrupted and leads to partially reversible or completely reversible myocardial dystrophy and its dysfunction. This review examines the issues of the prevalence of myocardiodystrophy in the children’s population, the causes of its occurrence, methods and results of diagnosis, the effectiveness of therapy at different stages of myocardial damage.Миокардиодистрофия (МКД) – вторичное невоспалительное поражение сердечной мышцы, возникающее при нарушении метаболических процессов и приводящее к частично или полностью обратимой дистрофии миокарда и его дисфункции. В данном обзоре рассмотрены вопросы распространенности миокардиодистрофии в детской популяции, причины ее возникновения, способы и результаты диагностики, эффективность терапии на разных стадиях поражения миокарда

Large Rearrangements in Genes Responsible for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, <i>MUTYH</i>-Associated Polyposis and Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome in Russian Patients

Аim: to reveal the rate of large rearrangements in the genes responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.Materials and methods. The MLPA method was used for identification of large rearrangements. A total number of 135 patients was included in the study: 83 patients with a clinical diagnosis of “familial adenomatous polyposis”, 18 — with suspected MUTYH-associated polyposis, and 34 — with a clinical diagnosis of “Peutz–Jeghers syndrome”.Results. Seven large deletions and one large duplication in the APC gene were identified in 83 patients with classic familial adenomatous polyposis, with rate of large rearrangements 9.6 % (8/83). In 18 patients with suspected MUTYH-associated polyposis, no large rearrangements were found in the MUTYH gene. Four large deletions in the STK11 gene (12 %, 4/34) were detected in 34 patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.Conclusion. For the first time, the expediency of including the method of detecting large rearrangements in routine DNA test list for Russian patients with various hereditary polyposis syndromes is demonstrated. Routine use of MLPA method makes it possible to increase the total frequency of detection of pathogenic variants in the APC and STK11 genes above 90 %. At the same time, the need for searching of large rearrangements in the MUTYH gene were not justified

Polyarteritis Nodosa: Clinical Cases in Boys 12 and 9 Years Old

Background. Polyarteritis nodosa is an acute, subacute or chronic immune complex disease associated with peripheral and visceral artery involvement, predominantly of middle and small sizes, development of destructive-proliferative arteritis and subsequent peripheral and visceral ischaemia.Cases description. The present paper describes two clinical cases of polyarteritis nodosa in patient R., aged 12, and patient A., aged 9, and demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing the disease in its early stages. Patient R., aged 12, was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital with complaints of red, patchy, dense rash on the palms and plantar surface of the feet. The child has been ill since September 2017, and after a history of tonsillitis suffered a fever of 37 °C, pain in the right heel area, nodular thickening on the feet, livedo reticularis, swelling of both hands. The disease had a recurrent course. The boy was treated with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine and three courses of rituximab (April 2018, January 2019, September 2020). Repeated courses of human normal immunoglobulin and alprostadil therapy were carried out. The treatment showed positive dynamics, fever was eliminated, general well-being improved, and acute inflammatory markers in blood became normal. The skin retained minimal manifestation of livedo, nodularities on the feet did not progress in dynamics. Patient A. was admitted to the Rheumatology Unit of the Krasnodar Krai Children’s Clinical Hospital in April 2022 with complaints of weakness, myalgia of the lower extremities and necrosis foci in the left lumbar region. The medical history indicates that in March 2022, the boy, being in good health before, developed a bluish, painful rash on his lower legs after a workout. Skin changes and soreness resolved on their own without treatment. After examination, a diagnosis was made as follows: juvenile polyarteritis nodosa, activity score — 3.Conclusion. The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa can be often problematic due to the very character of the disease featured by absence of specific symptoms, by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, and by lack of clear diagnostic and laboratory markers

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДВУХЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ГЕПАТОЦЕЛЛЮЛЯРНОЙ КАРЦИНОМЫ У ПАЦИЕНТКИ С ЦИРРОЗОМ ПЕЧЕНИ: СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors is a topic that constantly has been widely discussed in the medical literature. Among new methods that can help solve the diagnostic issues - dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). DECT analysis of the absorption of two x-ray spectra allows obtaining additional information about the chemical composition of tissues. Scanners with the capability DECT ensured wide use of the method. Discovery 750 HD (GE Healthcare) is newly developed scanners which have overcome the temporal and spatial data mismatch and allowed the use of the DECT method in analyzing of the contrast agent distribution, with the function of fast switching voltages between 80 and 140 KW at intervals between the radiation of 0,25 MS. Discovery 750 HD installed in Krasnoyarsk regional Oncology center since 2014. In the article we described a clinical case of HCC diagnosis in cirrhotic patient with use of DECT. Presented case shows that DECT method improved the detectability of liver lesions and reduced the time spent on differential diagnosis.Диагностика и дифференциальная диагностика новообразований печени - тема, которая постоянно широко обсуждается в медицинской литературе. Среди новых методов, который может помочь решить поставленные перед диагностикой вопросы,- двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография (ДЭКТ). При ДЭКТ анализ поглощения не одного, а двух спектров рентгеновского излучения позволяет получить дополнительную информацию о химическом составе тканей. Широкое клиническое использование метода в последние годы связано с распространением томографов с функцией двухэнергетического сканирования, которые позволили преодолеть ошибки временного и пространственного несоответствия данных. Томограф «Discovery 750 HD» фирмы GE Healthcare, с функцией быстрого переключения напряжения между 80 и 140 КВт на рентгеновской трубке с интервалом между излучениями 0,25 мс, установлен в Красноярском краевом диспансере и характеризуется высокой точностью спектральных данных. В настоящей статье мы представляем клинический случай диагностики ГЦК у пациентки с циррозом печени. Обработка результатов исследования проведена с помощью широкого набора инструментов специализированных программ рабочей станции GE. Наше наблюдение демонстрирует возможность ДЭКТ повысить выявляемость образований печени и сократить время, затрачиваемое на их дифференциальную диагностику

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДВУХЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ В ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ОЧАГОВЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ПЕЧЕНИ

Timely and accurate diagnosis of focal lesions of the liver, despite the existing arsenal of of radiation examination modalities, still remains a challenge. Particular difficulty is caused by foci of small diameter, an atypical character of contrasting; a combination of multiple formations of different genesis; focus against the background of diffuse liver damage; liver damage, mimicking tumors. DECT method givesnew analysis algorithms that are different from traditional CT. The article presents a review of the literature on the use of qualitative and quantitative parameters of spectral scanning in different phases of contrast enhancement in the differential diagnosis of liver focal lesions. The use of low-energy monochromatic images and the quantitative analysis of iodine content contribute to a better detection of liver foci and greater confidence in differential diagnosis.Своевременная и точная диагностика очагового поражения печени, несмотря на имеющийся арсенал модальностей лучевого обследования, до сих пор остается сложной задачей. Особую трудность представляют очаги малого диаметра, атипичный характер контрастирования; сочетание множественных образований различного генеза; очаги на фоне диффузных изменений печени; поражения печени, имитирующие новообразования. Метод двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии дает новые алгоритмы анализа, отличные от традиционной КТ. В статье представлен обзор литературы, посвященной использованию качественных и количественных параметров спектрального сканирования в  разные фазы контрастного усиления в  дифференциальной диагностике очаговых образований печени. Использование низкоэнергетических монохроматических изображений и количественный анализ содержания йода способствуют лучшей визуализации очагов печени и большей уверенности в их дифференциальной диагностике

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПРИ ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОМ ОСТЕОПОРОЗЕ С НОРМАЛЬНОЙ И ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ФУНКЦИЕЙ ОКОЛОЩИТОВИДНЫХ ЖЕЛЕЗ

The need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach to the patients suffering osteoporosis is determined by high medical and social significance and disabling nature of complications. The objective of this research is to estimate features of calcium and bone metabolism depending on functional status of parathyroid glands. The study involved 150 post-menopausal women with a low bone mineral density. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory examination including a functional test for evaluating the enteral absorption of calcium. More expressed disorders of calcium and bone metabolism have been identified in patients with the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in conjunction with the violation of enteral calcium absorption.Необходимость комплексного диагностического подхода к больным с остеопорозом объясняется высокой медико- социальной значимостью и инвалидизирующим характером осложнений. Целью исследования явилось изучение метаболизма кальция и костной ткани в зависимости от функционального состояния околощитовидных желез. Обследованы 150 женщин с остеопорозом, находящихся в постменопаузе. Выполнено полное клинико-лабораторное обследование, в том числе проведен функциональный тест с энтеральной нагрузкой кальцием, позволяющий косвенно оценить абсорбцию кальция в кишечнике. Показано более глубокое нарушение фосфорно-кальциевого обмена и более выраженное снижение минеральной плотности костной ткани у женщин в условиях развития вторичног