Plasmonic Brownian ratchet

Here we present a Brownian ratchet based on plasmonic interactions. By periodically turning on and off a laser beam that illuminates a periodic array of plasmonic nanostructures with broken spatial symmetry, the random thermal motion of a subwavelength dielectric bead is rectified into one direction. By means of the Molecular Dynamics technique we show a statistical directed drift in particle flow

Condensation of 4-hydroxy-2-thiazolines with 1,2-phenylenediamine as a novel effective route to thiazolo[3,4-a]quinoxalines

Thiazolo[3,4-a]quinoxalin-4-ones were prepared in two steps starting from methyl phenylchloropyruvate using a new strategy for the construction of the ring system. A key step in this new method involves the reaction of 4-hydroxytetrahydrothiazoles with 1,2-phenylendiamines

Helicobacter pylori infection appears essential for stomach carcinogenesis: Observations in Semarang, Indonesia

The gastric cancer incidence in Semarang, Indonesia, is exceedingly low: only approximately 1/100th of the level in Japan. To elucidate the reason, we carried out an ecological study recruiting 69 male and 102 female participants from the general populace in January 2005. Positive urea breath tests were 0% for both men and women, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG antibodies were found in 2% (0–5, 95% confidence interval) of men and 2% (0–4) of women, significantly lower than the 62% (58–65) and 57% (53–60), respectively, in Japan. Furthermore, there were no positive findings with the pepsinogen tests in Semarang, again significant in comparison with the 23% (22–25) and 22% (20–23) in Japan. Variation in smoking levels and consumption of NaCl, vegetables and fruit were found, but not to an extent that would allow explanation of the major differences in gastric cancer incidence. We may conclude that the very low prevalence of H. pylori infection and thus chronic atrophic gastritis account for the rarity of stomach cancer in Semarang, Indonesia. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 873–875

Varicella vaccination in Japan, South Korea, and Europe.

The most extensive use of varicella vaccine has been in the United States and Canada, where it is universally recommended. However, a number of other countries now have recommendations for use of the vaccine, which has been expanding in Europe and Latin America. In this article, we review information concerning varicella vaccination in Japan, where the vaccine was first developed, and in South Korea and parts of Europe. Despite the worldwide availability of an efficient vaccine, varicella vaccination policy is highly variable from country to country. The recent development of a tetravalent vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella could modify this variability in the future. It is evident that efforts to control varicella will spread gradually to all continents

Cryogenic deuterium target experiments with the GEKKO XII, green laser system

Copyright 1995 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 2(6), 2495-2503, 1995 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.87121