LC-MS/MS STUDY OF THE TRACE LEVEL IMPURITIES OF IRBESARTAN AN ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MOLECULE TO ITS ORIGIN THROUGH nMS2 TECHNIQUE

Objective: The mass characterization of five trace level related impurities of Irbesartan was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and also to Correlated to the impurity origin. Methods: A simple and effective patented process was applied to get the impurity profile, and mass characterization was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer analyser. Results: The simple production scan in differential collision energies is coined as “nMS2” technique of the triple quadrupole analyzer. The molecular ion fragmentation occurs with multiple collision energies and provides meaningful MSMS fragments for characterizing five trace level impurities less than 0.5% of angiotensin II receptor antagonist-Irbesartan. The origin of the impurity formation in the synthetic process was successfully related to the Spiro ketones. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research clearly indicates the approach of “nMS2” technique was very useful in the identification and structural prediction of trace level related impurities of Irbesrtan

Multiband monopole antenna for mobile applications

— In this paper, a multiband monopole antenna has been proposed for mobile applications. The monopole antenna has simple structure with a physical size of 15 cm × 7 cm. The antenna consists of monopole shape loaded by a set of folded arms with a varying length which lead to a better impedance matching result and multiband performance. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna provide multiband frequency operation of 0.8 GHz, 1.8 GHz 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz which covers the range from 0 to 4 GHz. The antenna is designed to operate at sub-6 GHz which proposed as lower frequency band to deliver 5G in early stage. The designed antenna has been fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results. RF Coaxial U.FL Connector was used as the port connector. The measurement results agrees well with the simulated ones for all frequency bands

A Novel Cyber Resilience Framework – Strategies and Best Practices for Today's Organizations

Cyber resilience refers to an organization's ability to maintain its essential functions, services despite cyber-attacks and swiftly recover from any disruptions. It involves proactive measures like gathering threat intelligence and managing risks, as well as reactive measures such as incident response planning, data backup and recovery. To achieve cyber resilience, organizations must implement robust cyber security measures, regularly update their incident response plans, and educate employees on safe online practices. Furthermore, having a comprehensive backup and recovery strategy in place is crucial to swiftly restore critical systems and data in the event of an attack. Overall, the proposed framework emphasizes cyber resilience as a continuous and proactive approach for managing cyber security risks and safeguarding against the growing threat of cyber-attacks

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, inhibit liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity and alter brain neurotransmitter levels

Hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in tryptophan catabolism and plays an important role in regulating the physiological flux of tryptophan into relevant metabolic pathways. In this study, we determined the effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, on rat liver TDO activity and the subsequent changes in the hippocampal and striatal neurotransmitter levels. The amount of melatonin produced by the pineal gland was also measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Treatment of rats with tolmetin or sulindac (5 mg/kg/bd for 5 days) significantly inhibited liver TDO activity. The results show that whilst tolmetin and sulindac increase serotonin levels in the hippocampus, these agents also significantly reduce dopamine levels in the striatum. Tolmetin, but not sulindac, increased the amount of melatonin produced by the pineal gland. The results of this study suggest that whilst tolmetin and sulindac may be beneficial for patients suffering from depression, these agents also have the potential to induce adverse effects in patients suffering with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease

In vivo administration of fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens protects shrimps from white spot syndrome virus

212-216Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and characterized with HPLC, FTIR, NMR and GPC to study the impact against the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), bacteria and fungi. Fucoidan was fed for shrimps along with the diet (before and after WSSV infection). In the end of the study, the survival percentage of shrimp was 51% (in the case of 5-8 g) and 97% (in the case of 12-15 g), respectively. Among the 10 bacterial pathogens and 7 fungal pathogens, fucoidan inhibited 2 bacterial pathogen such as S. aureus (0.26±0.02 mm) and E. faecalis (1.3±0.1 mm) and A. Niger (0.84 ± 0.03 mm) in fungal pathogens with clear zone of inhibition

A comparative study of dermatoglyphic markers in schizophrenia patients and normal controls

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with multiple etiological factors. Prenatal insult to the developing foetus has been implicated as a major risk factor for the genesis of schizophrenia, according to the neuro-developmental model. As the brain and skin are ectodermal derivatives, insult to developing brain is reflected in several dermatoglyphic markers.Methods: Total finger ridge count (TFRC), Total A-B ridge count (TABRC) and ATD Angle of 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were compared with 100 age and sex matched healthy controls.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the values recorded and compared between healthy controls and schizophrenia patients.Conclusions: This study shows the correlation between abnormalities in dermatoglyphic patterns and development of schizophrenia

Gallic Acid Protects Against Immobilization Stress-Induced Changes In Wistar Rats

Background: Stress triggers a wide range of body changes. Herbal medicines are rich in non specific antistress agents.Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antistress effect of gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, on immobilization induced-stress in male albino Wistar rats.Methods: The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting the rats in 20 cm Ч 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were post orally treated with GA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations.Results:Treatment with GA significantly increased the food intake, body weight, organ weight (spleen, testis and brain) and the significant reduction was found in weight of liver, kidney, heart and adrenal glands, which was altered in stressed rats. GA also significantly reduced the elevated levels of plasma glucose, plasma and tissue cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipid (LDL), Very Low Density Lipid (VLDL) and also significantly increased the level of High Density Lipid (HDL). A significant decrease in hematological parameters like RBC count, total and differential WBC count was also found which were increased in immobilization stress.Conclusion: GA prevented the stress-induced physiological, biochemical and hematological changes, indicating the preventive effect against stress

A new framework to alleviate DDoS vulnerabilities in cloud computing

In the communication age, the Internet has growing very fast and most industries rely on it. An essential part of Internet, Web applications like online booking, e-banking, online shopping, and e-learning plays a vital role in everyday life. Enhancements have been made in this domain, in which the web servers depend on cloud location for resources. Many organizations around the world change their operations and data storage from local to cloud platforms for many reasons especially the availability factor. Even though cloud computing is considered a renowned technology, it has many challenges, the most important one is security. One of the major issue in the cloud security is Distributed Denial of Service attack (DDoS), which results in serious loss if the attack is successful and left unnoticed. This paper focuses on preventing and detecting DDoS attacks in distributed and cloud environment. A new framework has been suggested to alleviate the DDoS attack and to provide availability of cloud resources to its users. The framework introduces three screening tests VISUALCOM, IMGCOM, and AD-IMGCOM to prevent the attack and two queues with certain constraints to detect the attack. The result of our framework shows an improvement and better outcomes and provides a recovered from attack detection with high availability rate. Also, the performance of the queuing model has been analysed

Origin of Ferroelectricity in Orthorhombic LuFeO3_3

We demonstrate that small but finite ferroelectric polarization ($\sim$0.01 $\mu$C/cm$^2$) emerges in orthorhombic LuFeO$_3$ ($Pnma$) at $T_N$ ($\sim$600 K) because of commensurate (k = 0) and collinear magnetic structure. The synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction data suggest that the polarization could originate from enhanced bond covalency together with subtle contribution from lattice. The theoretical calculations indicate enhancement of bond covalency as well as the possibility of structural transition to the polar $Pna2_1$ phase below $T_N$. The $Pna2_1$ phase, in fact, is found to be energetically favorable below $T_N$ in orthorhombic LuFeO$_3$ ($albeit$ with very small energy difference) than in isostructural and nonferroelectric LaFeO$_3$ or NdFeO$_3$. Application of electric field induces finite piezostriction in LuFeO$_3$ via electrostriction resulting in clear domain contrast images in piezoresponse force microscopy.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure