ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТРАНСГРАНИЧНОЙ ДИФФУЗИИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

In the article the process of transfrontier diffusion of innovative technologies is considered on the example of RFID technology promotion in Russia and Germany. Moreover, are exposed the factors, which prevent successful development of it. Subjects, which are able to improve the situation and increase the competitiveness of native innovative decisions on world market, are determined.В статье рассмотрен процесс трансграничной  диффузии инновационных технологий на примере продвижения RFID технологии в России и Германии. Выявлены факторы, препятствующие  успешному развитию  данного направления.  Определены субъекты способные улучшить ситуацию и повысить конкурентоспособность отечественных инновационных решений на мировой рынке

Сельские жители Чеченской Республики о Москве и москвичах

Социологические обследования свидетельствуют о неоднозначном отношении значительной части российского населения к согражданам, прибывающим из республик Северного Кавказа (в особенности из Чеченской Республики). В уроженцах ЧР нередко видят угрозу, потенциальных нарушителей норм морали и закона, воспринимая их как "чужаков". В то же время представления выходцев из Чеченской Республики о жителях тех регионов, куда они едут на работу, остаются практически неисследованными. В статье анализируются представления сельских жителей Чеченской Республики о Москве и москвичах, влияние миграционного опыта на данные представления. Кроме того, исследуются расхождения в восприятии столицы и столичных жителей мужчинами и женщинами, людьми разных возрастов, обусловленные несовпадением гендерного порядка и возрастной стратификации в принимающем и отдающем сообществах. При проведении исследования использовалось сочетание качественных и количественных методов — глубинных интервью и анкетирования, проведенного в трех сельских населенных пунктах Чеченской Республики

Learning curve from the financial economic crisis of 2008 for organizations: A conceptual viewpoint

© Shamil M. Valitov, Arthur A. Nigmetzyanov, Wilfred Isioma Ukpere, Leona L. Grigoryeva, 2016.The objective of this paper is to critically analyze the concept of organizations considered as a too big to fail and how this phenomenon played out within the recent financial economic crisis of 2008. Special attention was paid to its negative characteristics and consequences. Nevertheless, these types of institutions seem to have become an inalienable part of the mo-dern financial world. The authors explored literatures on the relevant financial sector reforms by considering the experience of Switzerland and USA with regards to the Financial Stability Board. The authors suggest that financial economic crisis of 2008 revealed the necessity to carry out measures to prevent systemic risk caused by large financial organizations

Smoking-related DNA adducts as potential diagnostic markers of lung cancer: new perspectives

In recent years, the new direction such as identification of informative circulating markers reflecting molecular genetic changes in the DNA of tumor cells was actively developed. Smoking-related DNA adducts are very promising research area, since they indicate high pathogenetic importance in the lung carcinogenesis and can be identified in biological samples with high accuracy and reliability using highly sensitive mass spectrometry methods (TOF/TOF, TOF/MS, MS/MS). The appearance of DNA adducts in blood or tissues is the result of the interaction of carcinogenic factors, such as tobacco constituents, and the body reaction which is determined by individual characteristics of metabolic and repair systems. So, DNA adducts may be considered as a cumulative mirror of heterogeneous response of different individuals to smoking carcinogens, which finally could determine the risk for lung cancer. This review is devoted to analysis of the role of DNA adducts in lung carcinogenesis in order to demonstrate their usefulness as cancer associated markers. Currently, there are some serious limitations impeding the widespread use of DNA adducts as cancer biomarkers, due to failure of standardization of mass spectrometry analysis in order to correctly measure the adduct level in each individual. However, it is known that all DNA adducts are immunogenic, their accumulation over some threshold concentration leads to the appearance of long-living autoantibodies. Thus, detection of an informative pattern of autoantibodies against DNA adducts using innovative multiplex ELISA immunoassay may be a promising approach to find lung cancer at an early stage in high-risk groups (smokers, manufacturing workers, urban dwellers)

ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОСТЬ ТКАНЕЙ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ КАК СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЖИЗНЕСПОСОБНОСТИ СКАЛЬПИРОВАННЫХ

В экспериментальном исследовании разработаны способ определения жизнеспособности тканей и устройство для его реализации, позволяющие улучшить результаты лечения скальпированных повреждений конечностей

Macrophage polarization markers of blood monocytes in patients with breast cancer

Polarized monocytes can have diagnostic value in breast cancer, including a triple negativ

Fungal and bacterial successions in the process of co-composting of organic wastes as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing

© 2017 Galitskaya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Composting is viewed as one of the primary methods to treat organic wastes. Co-composting may improve the efficiency of this treatment by establishing the most suitable conditions for decomposers than those present in the individual wastes. Given that bacteria and fungi are the driving agents of composting, information about the composition of their communities and dynamics during composting may improve reproducibility, performance and quality of the final compost as well as help to evaluate the potential human health risk and the choice of the most appropriate application procedure. In this study, the co-composting of mixtures containing two similar components (organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sawdust polluted by oil) and one discriminate component (sewage sludges of different origin) were investigated. Bacterial and fungal community successions in the two mixtures were analyzed during the composting process by determining the change in their structural dynamics using qPCR and 454 pyrosequencing methods in a lab experiment for a period of 270 days. During the initial composting stage, the number of 16S bacterial copies was (3.0 ±0.2) × 10 6 and (0.4±0.0) × 10 7 g -1 , and the Rhodospiralles and Lactobacialles orders dominated. Fungal communities had (2.9±0.0) ×10 5 and (6.1±0.2) ×10 5 ITS copies g -1 , and the Saccharomycetales order dominated. At the end of the thermophilic stage on the 30 th day of composting, bacterial and fungal communities underwent significant changes: dominants changed and their relative abundance decreased. Typical compost residents included Flavobacteriales, Chitinophagaceae and Bacterioidetes for bacteria and Microascaceae, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Agaricomycetes for fungi. During the later composting stages, the dominating taxa of both bacterial and fungal communities remained, while their relative abundance decreased. In accordance with the change in the dominating OTUs, it was concluded that the dynamics of the bacterial and fungal communities were not similar. Analysis by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the bacterial communities of the two composts became progressively more similar; a similar trend was followed by the fungal community

Acute Toxicity of Hydrogel Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride

Background. Previously, we have shown that the polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel exhibits a pronounced wound healing. At the same time, no studies of the toxic effect of the hydrogel on animals have been conducted. Aim of the research. In the framework of this work, the acute toxicity of the hydrogel polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride was studied in laboratory animals with intragastric administration. Materials and methods. The polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel was obtained by crosslinking the amino end groups with formaldehyde. An acute toxicity study was carried out (P 1.2.3156-13, GOST 32644-2014 and the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs) in an experiment on outbred mice with a single addition of the test substance in different doses (1000, 3000, 5000, 8000 mg/kg) with fixing indicators (appearance, behavior, condition of the body hair coat, water and food consumption, excretion, body weight and its growth) during 14 days. After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, autopsy, macroscopic evaluation and weighing of the internal organs were performed. The results showed that with the introduction of the test substance into the animal organism, death during the observation period (14 days) did not occur. It was not possible to determine the semi-lethal dose for the test compound. Conclusion. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that this substance is practically non-toxic and can be classified as hazard class V. Further research will be directed to the formation of hydrogel compositions with medicinal substances