Sunscreen formulations containing rice bran or soybean oil: rheological properties, spreadability and in vitro sun protection factor

The presence of rice bran or soybean oil at different concentrations (3 and 5 %) in gel-creams containing benzophenone-3 (BZ-3) was evaluated. Gel-creams were prepared with Carbopol Ultrez® (polymer) at 0.5 % (w/w). The influence of rice bran or soybean oil was evaluated on the pH values, rheological behavior, spreadability and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). All formulations showed a creamlike aspect and pH between 6.5 and 7.0. Rheological analysis showed pseudoplastic Non-Newtonian behavior for all formulations according to the Herschel-Bulkley model, regardless of the presence of the oil. However, formulations containing BZ-3 showed higher shear rates and smaller spreadability factors than blank formulations. On the other hand, formulations with higher concentration of vegetable oil showed higher spreadability factors and smaller shear rates than formulations without it. The presence of oil showed no influence on the SPF values of gel-creams.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Development of nonionic creams containing honey: physicochemical characterization and stability

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e a estabilidade de cremes não-iônicos (tipo O/A) contendo mel em diferentes concentrações (5, 15 e 25%, m/m). As formulações foram preparadas pela técnica usual de preparação de emulsões, em triplicata. Para o ensaio de estabilidade, as formulações foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente, durante 6 meses. Os cremes contendo mel apresentaram características satisfatórias nos testes empregados (aspecto homogêneo, cor amarela, odor característico, tamanho de partícula abaixo de 10 μm e pH ácido). Verificou-se que as formulações apresentaram comportamento de fluxo não-Newtoniano e um aumento de viscosidade em função de maiores concentrações de mel. Os valores de espalhabilidade revelaram comportamentos paralelos entre as formulações. Durante os ensaios de estabilidade, ligeiras alterações na cor e no odor foram observadas; entretanto, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa dos valores de pH.The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the physicochemical properties and physical stability of nonionic creams (O/W) containing honey at different concentrations (5, 15 and 25%, w/w). The formulations were prepared according to the normal preparation technique for emulsions, in triplicate. On the stability test, the formulations were stored at room temperature, for 6 months. The creams containing honey showed satisfactory characteristics in the tests employed (homogeneous aspect, yellow color, characteristic odor, particle size below 10 μm, and acidic pH). The formulations presented a new-Newtonian behavior and an increase in viscosity due to higher honey concentrations. The spreadability values revealed parallels behaviors between the formulations. During stability test, slight changes in color and odor were detected; however there was a decrease in pH values.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Multivariate classification techniques and mass spectrometry as a tool in the screening of patients with fibromyalgia

Abstract: Fibromyalgia is a rheumatological disorder that causes chronic pain and other symptomatic conditions such as depression and anxiety. Despite its relevance, the disease still presents a complex diagnosis where the doctor needs to have a correct clinical interpretation of the symptoms. In this context, it is valid to study tools that assist in the screening of this disease, using chemical work techniques such as mass spectroscopy. In this study, an analytical method is proposed to detect individuals with fibromyalgia (n = 20, 10 control samples and 10 samples with fibromyalgia) from blood plasma samples analyzed by mass spectrometry with paper spray ionization and subsequent multivariate classification of the spectral data (unsupervised and supervised), in addition to the treatment of selected variables with possible associations with metabolomics. Exploratory analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised analysis with successive projections algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA) showed satisfactory results with 100% accuracy for sample prediction in both groups. This demonstrates that this combination of techniques can be used as a simple, reliable and fast tool in the development of clinical diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

Deposição efetiva do produto pulverizado sobre cobertura vegetal de aveia-preta por diferentes pontas de pulverização Effective deposition of product sprayed directly on oat cover using different spray nozzles

A cobertura vegetal que permanece no solo após a colheita beneficia as características físicas e químicas do solo. No entanto, essa palha torna-se uma barreira para a aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes, pois impede que eles atinjam o alvo. Nesses casos, a escolha ideal da ponta de pulverização, bem como o tamanho da gota, são imprescindíveis para o sucesso da aplicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de transposição do líquido pulverizado, dependente do tamanho de gotas, produzido por vários modelos de ponta de pulverização sobre diferentes densidades de palha de aveia-preta. O trabalho foi realizado em Maringá-PR. Foram utilizadas caixas tipo gerbox como unidades coletoras, cobertas por diferentes quantidades de palha de aveia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 x 7, sendo oito pontas de pulverização (leque e cone) e sete quantidades crescentes de palha de aveia-preta. O produto retido na superfície coletora foi colhido e mediu-se a absorbância. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si por meio do teste de agrupamento Skott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Pode-se concluir que o tamanho das gotas é extremamente importante na transposição da palha de aveia. Gotas muito finas e muito grossas não conseguem transpor a barreira formada pela palha de maneira eficiente. Pontas de pulverização que produzem gotas de tamanho médio (CV-IA 02 e ST 02) apresentam volume de transposição maior do que o das demais, sendo recomendadas em aplicações de herbicidas pré-emergentes em plantio-direto até 4 t ha-1 de cobertura morta.<br>The vegetation that remains in the soil after harvest benefits the physical and chemical properties of soil. However, the straw becomes a barrier to the application of pre-emergence herbicides, preventing it from reaching the target. In these cases, the choice of spray tip and droplet size is essential for successful aplication. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of penetration of the spray applied, depending on the size of the droplets produced by several types of spray nozzles on oat straw. The study was conducted in Maringá-PR, using gerbox-type boxes as collection units, covered by different amounts of oat straw. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 8x7, with eight spray nozzles (fan and cone) and 7 increasing amounts of oat straw. The product retained on the collection unit surface was collected and the absorbance was measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and averages compared by means of the Skott-Knott grouping, at 5% probability. It could be concluded that droplet size is extremely important in the implementation of oat straw. Very fine and very coarse droplets fail to efficiently transpose the barrier formed by the straw. Spray nozzles that produce average size droplets (CV-IA 02 and ST-02) present a greater transposition volume than the others, being recommended for applications of pre-emergence herbicides in direct-sowing, up to 4tha-1 mulch

Directly Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Organic Compounds on Mineral Rock Surfaces by DESI and LAESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Here, we present a new application of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry imaging to assess the spatial location of organic compounds, both polar and nonpolar, directly from rock surfaces. Three carbonaceous rocks collected from an aquatic environment and a berea sandstone subjected to a small-scale oil recovery experiment were analyzed by DESI and LAESI. No rock pretreatment was required before DESI and LAESI analyses. DESI detected and spatially mapped several fatty acids and a disaccharide on the surfaces of carbonaceous rocks, and various nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds on the surfaces of berea sandstone. In contrast, LAESI using a 3.4 μm infrared laser beam was able to detect and map hydrocarbons on the surfaces of all rock samples. Both techniques can be combined to analyze polar and nonpolar compounds. DESI can be used first to detect polar compounds, as it does not destroy the rock surface, and LAESI can then be used to analyze nonpolar analytes, as it destroys a layer of the sample surface. Both techniques have the potential to be used in several scientific areas involving rocks and minerals, such as in the analysis of industry-derived contaminants in aquatic sediments or in small-scale rock–fluid interaction experiments