6,731 research outputs found
Mode-locking in advection-reaction-diffusion systems: an invariant manifold perspective
Fronts propagating in two-dimensional advection-reaction-diffusion (ARD)
systems exhibit rich topological structure. When the underlying fluid flow is
periodic in space and time, the reaction front can lock to the driving
frequency. We explain this mode-locking phenomenon using so-called burning
invariant manifolds (BIMs). In fact, the mode-locked profile is delineated by a
BIM attached to a relative periodic orbit (RPO) of the front element dynamics.
Changes in the type (and loss) of mode-locking can be understood in terms of
local and global bifurcations of the RPOs and their BIMs. We illustrate these
concepts numerically using a chain of alternating vortices in a channel
geometry.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure
Frozen reaction fronts in steady flows: a burning-invariant-manifold perspective
The dynamics of fronts, such as chemical reaction fronts, propagating in
two-dimensional fluid flows can be remarkably rich and varied. For
time-invariant flows, the front dynamics may simplify, settling in to a steady
state in which the reacted domain is static, and the front appears "frozen".
Our central result is that these frozen fronts in the two-dimensional fluid are
composed of segments of burning invariant manifolds---invariant manifolds of
front-element dynamics in -space, where is the front
orientation. Burning invariant manifolds (BIMs) have been identified previously
as important local barriers to front propagation in fluid flows. The relevance
of BIMs for frozen fronts rests in their ability, under appropriate conditions,
to form global barriers, separating reacted domains from nonreacted domains for
all time. The second main result of this paper is an understanding of
bifurcations that lead from a nonfrozen state to a frozen state, as well as
bifurcations that change the topological structure of the frozen front. Though
the primary results of this study apply to general fluid flows, our analysis
focuses on a chain of vortices in a channel flow with an imposed wind. For this
system, we present both experimental and numerical studies that support the
theoretical analysis developed here.Comment: 21 pages, 30 figure
GaAs monolithic frequency doublers with series connected varactor diodes
GaAs monolithic frequency doublers using series connected varactor diodes have been fabricated for the first time. Output powers of 150 mW at 36.9 GHz with 24% efficiency and 300 mW at 24.8 GHz with 18% efficiency have been obtained. Peak efficiencies of 35% at output power levels near 100 mW have been achieved at both frequencies. Both K-band and Ka-band frequency doublers are derived from a lower power, single-diode design by series connection of two diodes and scaling to achieve different power and frequency specifications. Their fabrication was accomplished using the same process sequence
Invariant manifolds and the geometry of front propagation in fluid flows
Recent theoretical and experimental work has demonstrated the existence of
one-sided, invariant barriers to the propagation of reaction-diffusion fronts
in quasi-two-dimensional periodically-driven fluid flows. These barriers were
called burning invariant manifolds (BIMs). We provide a detailed theoretical
analysis of BIMs, providing criteria for their existence, a classification of
their stability, a formalization of their barrier property, and mechanisms by
which the barriers can be circumvented. This analysis assumes the sharp front
limit and negligible feedback of the front on the fluid velocity. A
low-dimensional dynamical systems analysis provides the core of our results.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Chaos Focus Issue:
Chemo-Hydrodynamic Patterns and Instabilities (2012
Gamma-ray burst variability above 4 MeV
The relationship between the hard X-ray and gamma ray emissions during four bursts using the anti-coincidence shields of the High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (HEAO 3) Gamma Ray Spectrometer is explored. Recent observations of gamma ray bursts by the Solar Maximum Mission Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) have shown that high energy emission above 1 MeV is a common and energetically important feature (Matz et al. 1985). Time histories of four gamma ray bursts in 3 energy bands ( keV, around 511 keV, and 4 MeV) with 10.24 a resolution show that the 4 MeV flux is only weakly coupled to the spectrum below approximately 600 keV
Low frequency VLBI in space using GAS-Can satellites: Report on the May 1987 JPL Workshop
Summarized are the results of a workshop held at JPL on May 28 and 29, 1987, to study the feasibility of using small, very inexpensive spacecraft for a low-frequency radio interferometer array. Many technical aspects of a mission to produce high angular resolution images of the entire sky at frequencies from 2 to 20 MHz were discussed. The workshop conclusion was that such a mission was scientifically valuable and technically practical. A useful array could be based on six or more satellites no larger than those launched from Get-Away-Special canisters. The cost of each satellite could be $1-2M, and the mass less than 90 kg. Many details require further study, but as this report shows, there is good reason to proceed. No fundamental problems have been discovered involving the use of untraditional, very inexpensive spacecraft for this type of mission
Risk Analysis of Organic Cropping Systems in Minnesota
When all strategies received conventional market prices, 4-year cropping sequences had greater net returns than 2-year sequences, and the organic input, 4-year strategy had the highest net return. Adding 50% of the estimated organic premium, the 4-year, organic strategy dominated all low- and high-purchased input strategies.Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,
Exogenous application of platelet-leukocyte gel during open subacromial decompression contributes to improved patient outcome
Background: Platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) is being used during various surgical procedures in an attempt to enhance the healing process. We studied the effects of PLG on postoperative recovery of patients undergoing open subacromial decompression (OSD). Methods: PLG was produced from platelet-leukocyte-rich plasma (P-LRP), prepared from a unit of whole blood. Forty patients were included in the study. Self-assessed evaluations, using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system of activities of daily living (ADL), joint instability, pain levels, pain medications, and clinical evaluations for range of motion were conducted. Results: Platelet and leukocyte counts were significantly increased in the P-LRP compared to baseline counts. Treated patients demonstrated decreased visual analog scales for pain and used significantly less pain medication, had an improved range of motion during passive forward elevation, external rotation, external rotation with arm at 90 degrees abduction, internal rotation, and cross body adduction compared to control patients (p < 0.001). No differences in the instability score were observed between the groups. Furthermore, treated patients performed more ADL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the PLG-treated group, recovery was faster and patients returned earlier to daily activities and also took less pain medication than control subjects
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