27 research outputs found
MESURE DES GRADIENTS DE DENSITÉ DANS L'INTERACTION LASER-PLASMA
Nous étudions la densité électronique et son gradient dans l'interaction d'un laser à CO2 avec une cible plane de polyéthylène, pour un flux laser de 1012 W/cm2. L'étude par interférométrie Jamin des profils de densité et la mesure strioscopique de son gradient, couplées à l'étude de l'image en rayons X du plasma conduisent à une valeur de 220 ± 80 µm de la longueur du gradient de densité. Ceci est confirmé par des mesures indirectes obtenues à partir du bilan optique de l'interaction et du seuil de génération de l'harmonique 3/2 ω0 du laser à CO2. Les conséquences de ces résultats sur les conditions de l'interaction sont discutées
Acceleration of Relativistic Protons during the 20 January 2005 Flare and CME
The origin of relativistic solar protons during large flare/CME events has
not been uniquely identified so far.We perform a detailed comparative analysis
of the time profiles of relativistic protons detected by the worldwide network
of neutron monitors at Earth with electromagnetic signatures of particle
acceleration in the solar corona during the large particle event of 20 January
2005. The intensity-time profile of the relativistic protons derived from the
neutron monitor data indicates two successive peaks. We show that microwave,
hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions display several episodes of particle
acceleration within the impulsive flare phase. The first relativistic protons
detected at Earth are accelerated together with relativistic electrons and with
protons that produce pion decay gamma-rays during the second episode. The
second peak in the relativistic proton profile at Earth is accompanied by new
signatures of particle acceleration in the corona within approximatively 1
solar radius above the photosphere, revealed by hard X-ray and microwave
emissions of low intensity, and by the renewed radio emission of electron beams
and of a coronal shock wave. We discuss the observations in terms of different
scenarios of particle acceleration in the corona.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Alexithymia may explain the relationship between autistic traits and eating disorder psychopathology
Background: Autistic people are disproportionately vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (ED), and within the general population, autistic traits correlate with ED psychopathology. A putative mechanism which may underpin this heightened risk is alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and describing emotional states which is
observed in both autism and ED. In two experiments with independent non-clinical samples, we explored whether alexithymia might mediate the heightened risk of eating psychopathology in individuals high in autistic traits.
Methods: Our first experiment used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine relationships between alexithymia (measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)), autistic traits (autism quotient (AQ)), and eating psychopathology (Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)) in 121 participants. Our second experiment (n = 300) replicated and furthered this analysis by examining moderating effects of sex and controlling for anxiety and depression as covariates. We also included an additional performance-based measure of alexithymia, the Levels of Emotional
Awareness Scale (LEAS).
Results: Study 1 suggested that TAS-20 scores mediated the relationship between heightened autistic traits and eating psychopathology. Replication and further scrutiny of this finding, in study 2, revealed that this mediation effect was partial and specific to the female participants in this sample. The mediation effect appeared to be carried
by the difficulty identifying feelings subscale of the TAS-20, even when depression and anxiety were controlled for. LEAS scores, however, were not significantly related to autistic traits or eating psychopathology.
Limitations: Cross-sectional data prevents any conclusions around the direction and causality of relationships between alexithymia, autistic traits, and eating psychopathology (alongside depression and anxiety), necessitating longitudinal research. Our non-clinical sample was predominantly Caucasian undergraduate students, so it remains
to be seen if these results would extrapolate to clinical and/or autistic samples. Divergence between the TAS-20 and LEAS raises crucial questions regarding the construct validity of these measures.
Conclusions: Our findings with respect to autistic traits suggest that alexithymia could partially explain the prevalence of ED in autistic people and may as such be an important consideration in the pathogenesis and
treatment of ED in autistic and non-autistic people alike. Further research with clinical samples is critical to explore these ideas. Differences between men and women, furthermore, emphasize the importance of looking for sexspecific as well as generic risk factors in autistic and non-autistic men and women
An assessment of the psychometric properties of the GHQ-12 in an English population of autistic adults without learning difficulties.
Simplified rational approximations for Holtsmark and related functions
A single rational fraction, valid for any value of the electric
field, closely approximates the Holtsmark distribution. This also
applies to its derivative and its cumulative
RĂ©ponse du film SB aux rayons X de 0,1 Ă 10 keV
From reevaluated physical parameters of the Kodak SB film and with a revised theoretical formulation of its response to X-rays, available results of sensitometric calibration between 0.1 and 10 keV are gathered into a user-friendly semi-empirical model.Une réévaluation des caractéristiques physiques du film Kodak SB et une reformulation théorique de sa réponse aux rayons X permettent de réduire à un modèle semi-empirique très maniable les résultats disponibles d'étalonnage sensitométrique entre 0,1 et 10 keV
Recombinaison radiative directe le long de plusieurs séquences isoélectroniques
From results of specific calculations for ions with 0, 1 or 2 electrons, and from a critical compilation of literature data for other isoelectronic sequences, we establish a simple and accurate analytic approximation, over a wide range of charges and temperatures, for the total coefficient of direct radiative recombination of atomic ions with Maxwellian electrons.A l'aide de calculs spécifiques pour les ions ayant 0, 1 ou 2 électrons, et d'une compilation critique des données de la littérature pour d'autres séquences isoélectroniques, on établit une approximation analytique simple et précise, dans un vaste domaine de charges et de températures, pour le coefficient total de recombinaison radiative directe des ions atomiques avec des électrons maxwelliens
Élargissement Stark de raies hydrogénoïdes entre niveaux élevés d'ions multichargés
Stark broadening is studied theoretically for hydrogenic lines from multicharged ions, between highly excited levels, when perturbing ions contribute quasi-statically and électrons by impacts, especially by inelastic collisions. Its dependence upon charges and quantum numbers is outlined. This scaling allows a quick évaluation of any profile, from reduced numerical results that are presented. Theory is compared in détail with récent expérimental results.On étudie théoriquement l'élargissement Stark des raies hydrogénoïdes d'ions multichargés, entre niveaux d'énergie élevés, lorsque les ions perturbateurs agissent quasi-statiquement et les électrons par impacts, spécialement par collisions inélastiques. On en précise les lois de variation suivant les charges et les nombres quantiques. Ces lois permettent d'obtenir rapidement un profil quelconque, à partir des résultats numériques réduits qui sont présentés. On effectue une comparaison détaillée avec des résultats expérimentaux récents
Multipôles et déplacements dans la série de Lyman du néon
La spectroscopie d'une expérience de compression
par laser fournit la série de Lyman du néon. En étudiant les
largeurs, les déplacements et la fusion des raies, on souligne
l'influence sur les profils spectraux de plusieurs éléments
théoriques comme la polarisation électronique de plasma et les
effets ioniques multipolaires
Coefficients radiatifs et collisionnels pour les niveaux hydrogénoïdes
Averaging states with the same principal quantum number in hydrogenic ions and assuming the free electrons to be Maxwellian, we present convenient fits to the coefficients of spontaneous emission, radiative recombination and, with not too small a charge, excitation and ionization by electron impact. For the last two processes, the data available on low levels are complemented by a detailed consideration of the asymptotic constants of Bethe-Born, so as to cover a wide range of levels and temperatures.Prenant la moyenne des états de chaque nombre quantique principal dans les ions hydrogénoïdes et supposant maxwelliens les électrons libres, on présente des approximations commodes pour les coefficients d'émission spontanée, de recombinaison radiative et, si la charge n'est pas trop faible, d'excitation et d'ionisation par choc électronique. Pour ces deux dernières, l'étude détaillée des constantes asymptotiques de Bethe-Born complète les données disponibles sur les bas niveaux, afin de couvrir une large gamme de niveaux et de températures