Prevalence of Nutritional Risk at Admission in Internal Medicine Wards in Portugal: The Multicentre Cross-Sectional ANUMEDI Study

Introduction: Disease-related undernutrition is highly prevalent and requires timely intervention. However, identifying undernutrition often relies on physician judgment. As Internal Medicine wards are the backbone of the hospital setting, insight into the prevalence of nutritional risk in this population is essential. We aimed to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk in Internal Medicine wards, to identify its correlates, and to assess the agreement between the physicians' impression of nutritional risk and evaluation by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study was performed in Internal Medicine wards of 24 Portuguese hospitals during 2017. Data on demographics, previous hospital admissions, primary diagnosis, and Charlson comorbidity index score were collected. Nutritional risk at admission was assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Agreement between physicians' impression of nutritional risk and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was tested by Cohen's kappa. Results: The study included 729 participants (mean age 74 +/- 14.6 years, 51% male). The main reason for admission was respiratory disease. Mean Charlson comorbidity index score was 5.8 +/- 2.8. Prevalence of nutritional risk was 51%. Nutritional risk was associated with admission during the previous year (odds ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.22 - 2.24), solid tumour with metastasis (odds ratio = 4.73, 95% confidence interval: 2.06 - 10.87), any tumour without metastasis (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval:1.24 - 3.34), kidney disease (odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 - 2.75), peptic ulcer (odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.10 - 4.25), heart failure (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 - 2.04), dementia (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.96 - 4.64), and cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.12 - 2.35). Agreement between physicians' evaluation of nutritional status and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was weak (Cohen's kappa = 0.415, p < 0.001). Discussion: Prevalence of nutritional risk in the Internal Medicine population is very high. Admission during the previous year and multiple comorbidities increase the odds of being at-risk. Subjective physician evaluation is not appropriate for nutritional screening. Conclusion: The high prevalence of at-risk patients and poor subjective physician evaluation suggest the need to implement mandatory nutritional screening

The perception of injury risk and prevention among football players: A systematic review

Football is associated with a certain risk of injury, leading to short- and long-term health consequences. However, the perception of football players about injury risk and prevention strategies is poorly documented. The present article reviewed the literature about perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and knowledge toward injury risk and prevention strategies in football players. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsychINFO until July 2022. Studies were eligible if they included the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about injury risk and prevention in football players from any competitive level. The risk of bias was assessed in included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. A total of 14 studies were included. Most football players agreed that their risk of injury is high and prevention strategies are important, however they do not intend to use some of these strategies. The most frequent perceived injury risk factors were low muscle strength, lack of physical fitness, fatigue, excessive training and type and condition of surfaces. The most frequent perceived injury prevention factors were warm-up, workload monitoring and strength and conditioning training. It is essential to acknowledge perceived injury risk factors, as well as a better understanding of how coaching and medical departments' perceptions match with players' perceptions, and a modification in the perceptions of the several stakeholders at different levels of action. 2022 Cardoso-Marinho, Barbosa, Bolling, Marques, Figueiredo and Brito

Avaliação do potencial desenvolvimento de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em cultivo de soja na região de Barretos - norte do estado de São Paulo.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial desenvolvimento de estágios de Helicoverpa armigera, considerando suas diferentes necessidades térmicas, as características de cultivo de soja e as condições climáticas predominantes no município de Guaíra, localizado na região administrativa de Barretos ao norte do estado de São Paulo. A região norte do estado está exposta à potencial dispersão de H. armigera proveniente de infestações já relatadas em Goiás e tem importância significativa no setor agropecuário paulista. O município foi escolhido por ser o maior produtor estadual de soja e pela sua proximidade aos outros municípios com cultivos hospedeiros preferenciais da praga, tanto na região de Barretos como de Olímpia. Foram considerados dados climáticos locais do período de 2000 a 2012 e as exigências térmicas de diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do inseto. O plantio da soja foi considerado em outubro com o ciclo da planta de 125 dias. O tempo de desenvolvimento dos diferentes estágios do inseto foi determinado para cada geração durante a estação de cultivo e após a colheita. Registrou-se favorabilidade à ocorrência de três gerações completas da praga até o encerramento da colheita (início de fevereiro), com pupas de 4ª geração em desenvolvimento. Acompanhou-se o desenvolvimento de cinco gerações do inseto após o encerramento da colheita por serem passíveis de ocorrência, caso mantidas as plantas de soja tiguera ou guaxa, que favorecem a manutenção do inseto no campo e sua posterior migração para cultivos de soja tardios e de milho safrinha. Não foram identificadas condições de temperaturas favoráveis à ocorrência de diapausa facultativa do inseto, nas condições climáticas médias locais dos últimos 12 anos. Abstract: The objective of present work was to evaluate the potential immature developmental phases of Helicoverpa armigera, considering its different thermal necessities, the soybean crop, and the main abiotic factors of Guaíra municipality, São Paulo State ? Brazil. Guaíra belongs to Barretos management region, located on the north of São Paulo State, which is exposed to potential dispersion of H. armigera from Goiás State, where the pest has already been identified. Guaíra was pointed out for being the greatest producer of soybean and being surrounded by other municipalities where significant areas of insect preferential crop hosts are planted; not only on the same region but also in Franca management region. Abiotic local data from the year 2000 to 2012, as well as thermical necessities for the insect developmental phases were considered. October was considered as the month to plant the soybean, and the plant cycle was considered as 125 days. The development time of its different stages were determined for each generation during the plant cycle and after the harvest. Favorable conditions were registered for the occurrence of three complete generations until the harvest ended (beginning of February), when the 4th generation of pupae would develop. Five generations of the insect were followed after the harvest ended, due to the favorability for adult- insect migration in colonizing the latest soybean culture and second harvest corn if crop residues (also known as ?tigueras? or ?guaxas?) were retained. The temperature enabling the occurrence of diapause was not identified when considering the local average temperature based on the twelve previous years.bitstream/item/120685/1/2014BP01.pd

Avaliação de espécies leguminosas na formação de cafezais no segmento da agricultura familiar no Acre.

Leguminosas quando consorciadas com o café e usadas como adubação verde podem contribuir fornecendo nitrogênio e proteção ao solo pela adição de matéria orgânica. O trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de leguminosas no sistema de produção de café, no segmento de agricultura familiar, visando promover a implantação e a manutenção dos cafezais de forma técnica e economicamente sustentável. O experimento foi conduzido no período de novembro de 2000 a abril de 2003, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram as leguminosas (Stizolobium atterrimum, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia endiformis e Flemingia congesta) e a testemunha (sem leguminosa) e, nas subparcelas, duas doses de N (0 e 22 g de N por cova). A Flemingia congesta e a Mucuna aterrima foram as leguminosas que mais influenciaram positivamente a produtividade dos cafeeiros, independente da adubação nitrogenada. Em relação à testemunha, o aumento em produção foi de 109% quando utilizou-se a Flemingia congesta e 52% com a Mucuna aterrima. A Flemingia congesta foi também a leguminosa que melhor controlou as invasoras, dado o volume de fitomassa produzida e a possibilidade de 2 cortes durante um período de doze meses, evidenciando o potencial desta leguminosa na formação de novos cafezais no Acre. Por outro lado, a Canavalia ensiformis, leguminosa que é normalmente utilizada nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros pelos cafeicultores, do Acre e de outras regiões produtoras, neste trabalho influenciou negativamente a altura das plantas, diâmetro da copa e crescimento dos cafeeiros