TEŽINSKO–DUŽINSKI ODNOS 57 RIBLJIH VRSTA U RIJEKAMA JUGOISTOČNOG DIJELA OBALE BJELOKOSTI

Weight–length relationships (WLR) of 57 fish species belonging to 22 families from the coastal rivers of the south–eastern of Ivory Coast were studied. Samples were collected with two fleets of monofilament gill nets. The value of the exponent b in the WLR (W=aLb) ranged from 2.213 to 3.729. The mean and the median values were 2.892 and 2.899 respectively, whereas 50% of the value ranged between 2.787 and 3.048. For 11 species, these relationships are described for the first time for this sub–region.U radu je istraživan težinsko–dužinski odnos (WRL) 57 vrsta riba koje su pripadale 22–dvjema porodicama, a koje se nalaze u rijekama jugoistočnog dijela Obale Bjelokosti. Uzorci su sakupljeni dvjema vrstama mreža. Vrijednost eksponenta b u WRL (W=aLb) kretao se između 2,213 i 3,729. Prosječna i srednja vrijednost bile su 2,892, odnosno 2,899, dok je 50% te vrijednosti bilo između 2,787 i 3,048. Za 11 vrsta ti su odnosi opisani prvi put u ovoj podregiji

Régime alimentaire de Engraulis encrasicolus (Linneaus, 1758) du littoral de la Côte d’Ivoire

Engraulis encrasicolus est un poisson téléostéen clupéiforme de la famille des Engraulidae. Le régime alimentaire général de E. encrasicolus dans le littoral de la Côte d’Ivoire a été étudié en fonction de la taille des individus et des saisons hydrologiques. Les poissons de 6 à 12 cm de longueur standard sont les captures des sennes de plage et sennes tournantes de septembre 2005 à Août 2006. Six cent dix estomacs ont été analysés dont 404 contenaient des proies et 206 étaient vides, soit 33,80% de vacuité. Ce coefficient a varié en fonction des saisons de crue et de décrue. L’indice de prépondérance (Ip) combinant les pourcentages d’occurrence corrigé (Fc) et pondéral (P) ont été utilisés pour analyser l’importance des différents items identifiés. Le régime alimentaire général est composé de 10 items regroupés en 4 catégories de proies : les copépodes, les cladocères, les macrophytes et les insectes. E. encrasicolus se nourrit principalement de Copépodes (68,14% de Ip) (Thermocyclops decipiens, Centropages chierchiae, temora turbinata et acartia claussi) dans la zone d’étude. Les cladocères, (Ip = 29,5%) sont consommés de manière  importante. Les macrophytes et les insectes sont des proies accessoires. Le régime alimentaire de E. encrasicolus varie avec la taille. Cette variation est une stratégie alimentaire en rapport avec des modifications  ontogénétiques, anatomiques et morphologiques chez les poissons. L’espèce adapte son régime alimentaire en fonction des saisons marines en relation avec la disponibilité des proies.Mots clés : Engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, alimentation, littoral, Côte d’Ivoire

Food Insecurity and Affordable Housing

Food insecurity in household with children in the US is about 13.6 percent. Food insecurity among households with children headed by a single woman is 28.7 percent and among households with incomes below 185 percent of the poverty threshold (the Federal poverty line was $25,926 for a family of four in 2019) is 27.6 percent (USDA, 2019). This research is about the effect of affordable housing on food security in the United States. The data include observations on 50 states and Washington, D.C., from 2004 to 2017 resulting in a total sample of 714 observations. The research used the 50th percentile FMR and housing vouchers as proxies for affordable housing. In researching the main objective, the research examined on how the presence of SNAP affects the relationship between food insecurity and housing affordability, the research also investigated on how the presence of WIC affects the relationship between food insecurity and housing affordability. To run the analysis, the study used the fixed effect model followed by the IV regression in efforts to overcome endogeneity. We found that an increase in the 50th percentile FMR causes food insecurity to increase, while an increase in housing vouchers increases food insecurity. The results of the fixed effect model show that there is positive relationship between WIC and food insecurity, while the effect of SNAP on food insecurity is absent. The results show that an increase in the median fair market rents causes food insecurity to increase, so a reduction in rent prices targeted to poor households would help low-income families improve their food security. That is, gaining access to affordable housing helps poor families become more food secure

Statut poral des sols cultives dans la zone cotonniere ouest du Burkina Faso

No Abstract

Incorporation du coprah et des cuticules de cacao et d’arachide dans l’aliment du (tilapia du nil( (Oreohromis niloticus, linné, 1758) eleve en etang : Effet sur la croissance et la composition biochimique

Dans le but de réduire le coût de l’alimentation du tilapia en élevage, quatre aliments exogènes pulvérulents dont un industriel (Ivograin) servant de référence (AR) et trois tests locaux (A1, A2 et A3) formulés uniquement à base de sous-produits locaux ont été utilisés. La composition de base des aliments tests est : A1 (cuticules de de fève de cacao, son de maïs, tourteaux de soja et coton) ; A2 (cuticules de graine d’arachide, son de maïs, tourteaux de soja et coton) et A3 (tourteaux de coprah, soja et coton et son de maïs). Tous les aliments titrent environ 28 % de protéines. L’expérience est conduite à la ferme « Blondey » (Côte d’Ivoire) sur des juvéniles de Oreochromis niloticus d’un poids initial de 33,3 ± 0,4 g. Des juvéniles ne recevant pas d’aliment exogène ont servi de lot témoin (At) pour apprécier l’effet de l’aliment endogène. La densité de stockage était de 2 poissons/m2. Trois étangs par traitement ont été utilisés. La ration journalière a été distribuée à 9 h et à 15 h. Après 180 jours d’expérience, les poids moyens finaux ont atteint des valeurs respectives de 273,42 ± 26g ; 295,08 ± 18,5 g ; 352,1 ± 20,7g ; 309,38 ± 22,3 g et 101,06 ± 4 g pour A3, A2, A1, AR et At. Au niveau des aliments exogènes, le meilleur quotient nutritif (Qn= 2,22) et de croissance journalière (1,77 g/jour) ont été obtenus avec A1. Le plus grand Qn (2,88) et la plus faible croissance journalière (1,33g /jour) sont enregistrés avec A3. La comparaison de tous les lots indique que la plus faible croissance (0,38 g/jour) est enregistrée chez les poissons non nourris à l’aliment exogène (At). Les lipides corporels (16 - 17 %) sont plus élevés chez les poissons nourris aux aliments tests que ceux des lots de référence (14 %) et témoins (13 %). Par rapport à l’aliment AR, les aliments tests réduisent le coût de revient de l’aliment et le coût de l’alimentation par unité de prise de poids de 15 - 18 % et 3,1 - 27,4 %, respectivement.Mots clés : Aliments, arachide, cacao, coprah, cuticules, Oreochromis niloticusEnglish AbstractIncorporation of coconut oil cake, cocoa bean shell and peanut skin in diet for nile tilapia (Oreohromis niloticus, linné, 1758) reared in pond : Effect on growth and biochemical compositionIn order to reduce feeding cost of rearing tilapia, four powdered diets including an industrial product (Ivograin) (as reference = AR) and three practical diets (A1, A2 and A3) formulated using local by-products were used. Formulated diets were designated as A1 (cocoa bean shell, corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake, premix), A2 (peanut skin, corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake, premix) and A3 (corn bran, soybean oil cake, cottonseeds oil cake and coconut oil cake). The four diets contained approximately 28 % crude protein. The experiment was carried out at farm « Blondey » (Ivory Coast) on fingerlings Oreochromis niloticus with an initial body weight of 33.3 ± 0.4g. In addition, fingerlings non-fed with exogenous diet were used as control group to assess the impact of the natural food. The used stocking density was 2 fish/m2. Three replicate ponds were assigned to each of the treatment. Fish were fed twice daily (9.00 h and 15.00 h). After 180 days of experiment, the final body weight observed were respectively 273.42 ± 26 ; 295.08 ± 18.5 ; 352.1 ± 20,7 ; 309.38 ± 22.3 g and 101.06 ± 4 g for A3, A2, A1, AR and At. Considering the four diets (A1, A2, A3 and AR), the best daily weight gain (1.77 g/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.22) were obtained with A1 which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from values obtained for the other groups. The poorest weight gain (1.33 g/day) and the highest feed conversion ratio (2.88) were recorded for A3. The comparison of all groups (A1, A2, A3, AR and At) revealed that the poorest value of the daily weight gain (1.33 g/day) was recorded for the control group (At). Fat deposition was highest (16 - 17 %) in fish fed practical diets, while fish fed diets AR and control fish (At) recorded respectively (14 %) and (13 %). Practical diets reduced the feed cost and feeding cost per unit of weight gain by 15 - 18 % and 3.1 - 27.4 %, respectively.Keywords : Diets, peanut skin, cocoa bean shell, coconut oil cake, Oreochromis niloticu

Effect of diets containing cocoa bean shell and coconut oil cake on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus (LINNE, 1758) in pond

A 180-day feeding trial was conducted at fish farm ‘’Blondey‘’ (Côte d’Ivoire) with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (LINNE, 1758) to evaluate the effect of cocoa bean shell and coconut oil cake on its growth. Juvenile tilapia (mean weight of 33.16 ± 2.2 g) was fed with a commercial diet (Ivograin) and two formulated diets twice daily (09.00 h and 15.00 h). The used stocking density was 2 fish/m2. Formulated diets were designated as D1 (cocoa bean shell, corn bran, soybean oil cake and cottonseeds oil cake) and D2 (coconut oil cake, corn bran, soybean oil cake and cottonseeds oil cake). All the tested diets contain around 28% protein and each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate ponds to evaluate growth, feed utilization, body composition and cost benefit. Fish fed diet with D1 gave the highest daily weight gain (1.94 ± 0.30 g/day) and the best feed conversion ratio (2.01). The lowest daily weight gain (1.53 ± 0.32 g/day) and the highest feed conversion ratio (2.47) were recorded for diet D2. Tilapia fed with diet D2 and commercial one (Ivograin) displayed similar growth and feed efficiencies patterns. Lipid accumulation was higher in fish reared with diets D1 and D2 compared to reference diet (Ivograin). Diets D1 and D2 reduce feed costs per unit of weight gain by 34.44 and 19.47%, respectively, compared to commercial diet.Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, feeding, cocoa bean shell, coconut oil cake, growth, Côte d’Ivoire

De la Culture Itinerante a la Culture Permanente: Impact sur le Statut Organique et l’agregation d’un Lixisol Ferrique a L’ouest du Burkina Faso

La connaissance de la dynamique du carbone organique d’un sol (COS) cultivé est essentielle à l’évaluation de son importance dans l’agrégation du sol. C’est dans cette optique qu’une étude comparative synchronique a été conduite à Bondoukui, zone cotonnière située à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. Des échantillons de sol issus de l’horizon de surface (0 -15 cm) ont été obtenus de 101 parcelles cultivées, sur la base d’une typologie des grands systèmes de culture (itinérante, cyclique et permanente) et d’intensité de travail du sol (labour occasionnel, bisannuel, annuel). Les résultats montrent que la mise en culture des sols sous jachère naturelle a induit une baisse annuelle du COS d’environ 357 kg C ha-1 (2,2 %) durant les 10 premières années de culture. Cependant, les apports de fumier et de résidus de récolte ont permis de minimiser les pertes liées à la minéralisation induite par le labour. Les jachères naturelles, quelque soit leur âge, ont entrainé une stabilité structurale du sol plus importante que celle sous système de culture permanente. En conséquence, et contrairement à la baisse du stock organique des sols, qui semble se stabiliser au bout de 10 ans de culture, le taux d’agrégats, par contre, a continué à demeurer stable dans l’eau longtemps encore, sous l’effet des labours annuels.Mots-clés : Lixisol ferrique, systèmes de culture, carbone organique, stabilité structurale, Burkina Faso.The knowledge on organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in cropped soils is needed for evaluating soil structural degradation. A synchronic comparative study was conducted in Bondoukui, a site located in the western cotton cultivating area of Burkina Faso. Soils from 101 plots were sampled from the surface layers (0 -15 cm), based on a typology of major cropping systems (shifting, cyclic, continuous cultivation) and tillage intensity (occasional, biennial, annual ploughing) found in the area. After a long-term fallow period, land cultivation resulted in an annual SOC loss of 357 kg C ha-1 (2.2 %) during the first 10 years of cultivation. Nevertheless, the ploughing-in of organic matter residues (manure, crop residues) resulted in a minimum SOC loss. Regardless of age, fallow lands induced a stronger soil structural stability than continuous cropping systems. Finally, it appeared that, contrary to SOC stock depletion, stabilized after 10 years of cultivation, water stable aggregates stability showed a significant drop under annual ploughing.Key words : Ferric lixisol, cropping systems, organic carbon, structural stability

Short grammar of Tiefo-N of Nyafogo (Gur, Burkina Faso)

short grammar of Tiefo-N, Tiefo of Nyafogo, Burkina FasoNational Science Foundation, Documenting Endangered Languages programhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139024/1/Heath Ouattara Hantgan Short Grammar Tiefo N reduced.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139024/2/Heath Ouattara Hantgan Short Grammar Tiefo N reduced.docxDescription of Heath Ouattara Hantgan Short Grammar Tiefo N reduced.pdf : book in pdf formDescription of Heath Ouattara Hantgan Short Grammar Tiefo N reduced.docx : original .docx fil