112 research outputs found
Components of metabolic syndrome in relation to plasma levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in a cohort of people aged 65 years and older
Purpose Elevated plasma concentration of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently emerged as a potential risk factor
as a component of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the relationship between
components of MS and concentrations of plasma RBP4 in a population of subjects 65 years and older.
Methods The study sample consisted of 3038 (1591 male) participants of the PolSenior study, aged 65 years and older.
Serum lipid profile, concentrations of RBP4, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and activity of aminotransferases were
measured. Nutritional status (BMI/waist circumference) and treatment with statins and fibrates were evaluated. Glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR), de Ritis ratio, and fatty liver index (FLI), as well as HOMA-IR were calculated.
Results Our study revealed a strong relationship between components of MS and RBP4 in both sexes: plasma RBP4 levels
were increased in men by at least 3×, and in women by at least 4×. Hypertriglyceridemia was most strongly associated with
elevated plasma RBP4 levels. Multivariate, sex-adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that chronic kidney disease [OR
1.86 (95% CI 1.78-1.94)], hypertriglyceridemia [OR 1.52 (1.24-1.87)], hypertension [OR 1.15 (1.12-1.19)], low serum
HDL cholesterol [OR 0.94 (0.92-0.97)], and age > 80 years [OR 0.86 (0.81-0.90)] were each independently associated with
RBP4 concentration (all p < 0.001).
Conclusions In Caucasians 65 years and older, RBP4 serum levels are associated with a number of components of MS,
independent of sex and kidney function. Hypertriglyceridemia as a component of MS is most signifcantly related to RBP4
concentration
Do we know more about hypertension in Poland after the May Measurement Month 2017?-Europe
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a worldwide burden, leading to over 10 million deaths yearly. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative organized by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of hypertension and the need for BP screening. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May 2017. BP measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the globally approved MMM17 Study Protocol. In Poland 5834 (98.9%, Caucasian) individuals were screened. After multiple imputation, 2601 (35.3%) had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 976 (20.6%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 532 (49.1%) had uncontrolled BP. In the crude screened group, 81.4% declared to not receive any anti-hypertensive treatment, while the remaining 18.6% were on such medications. In overweight and obese patients both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher than in normal weight and underweight subjects. In addition, BP measured on Sundays was significantly lower than on Mondays. MMM17 was one of the largest recent BP screening campaigns in Poland. We found that over 1/3 of participants were hypertensive. Almost half of the treated subjects had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening can identify substantial numbers with raised BP
Blood pressure response to renal denervation is correlated with baseline blood pressure variability: a patient-level meta-analysis
Background: Sympathetic tone is one of the main
determinants of blood pressure (BP) variability and
treatment-resistant hypertension. The aim of our study was
to assess changes in BP variability after renal denervation
(RDN). In addition, on an exploratory basis, we investigated
whether baseline BP variability predicted the BP changes
after RDN.
Methods: We analyzed 24-h BP recordings obtained at
baseline and 6 months after RDN in 167 treatmentresistant
hypertension patients (40% women; age, 56.7
years; mean 24-h BP, 152/90 mmHg) recruited at 11 expert
centers. BP variability was assessed by weighted SD [SD
over time weighted for the time interval between
consecutive readings (SDiw)], average real variability (ARV),
coefficient of variation, and variability independent of the
mean (VIM).
Results: Mean office and 24-h BP fell by 15.4/6.6 and 5.5/
3.7 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable-adjusted
analyses, systolic/diastolic SDiw and VIM for 24-h
SBP/DBP decreased by 1.18/0.63 mmHg (P 0.01) and
0.86/0.42 mmHg (P 0.05), respectively, whereas no
significant changes in ARV or coefficient of variation
occurred. Furthermore, baseline SDiw (P ¼ 0.0006), ARV
(P ¼ 0.01), and VIM (P ¼ 0.04) predicted the decrease in
24-h DBP but not 24-h SBP after RDN.
Conclusion: RDN was associated with a decrease in BP
variability independent of the BP level, suggesting that
responders may derive benefits from the reduction in BP
variability as well. Furthermore, baseline DBP variability
estimates significantly correlated with mean DBP decrease
after RDN. If confirmed in younger patients with less
arterial damage, in the absence of the confounding effect
of drugs and drug adherence, baseline BP variability may
prove a good predictor of BP response to RDN
Heritability and intrafamilial aggregation of arterial characteristics
BACKGROUND: We investigated the heritability and familial aggregation of various indexes of arterial stiffness and wave reflection and we partitioned the phenotypic correlation between these traits into shared genetic and environmental components. METHODS: Using a family-based population sample, we recruited 204 parents (mean age, 51.7 years) and 290 offspring (29.4 years) from the population in Cracow, Poland (62 families), Hechtel-Eksel, Belgium (36), and Pilsen, the Czech Republic (50). We measured peripheral pulse pressure (PPp) sphygmomanometrically at the brachial artery; central pulse pressure (PPc), the peripheral augmentation indexes (PAIxs) and central augmentation indexes (CAIxs) by applanation tonometry at the radial artery; and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) by tonometry or ultrasound. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, we used the ASSOC and PROC GENMOD procedures as implemented in SAGE and SAS, respectively. RESULTS: We found significant heritability for PAIx, CAIx, PPc and mean arterial pressure ranging from 0.37 to 0.41; P </= 0.0001. The method of intrafamilial concordance confirmed these results; intrafamilial correlation coefficients were significant for all arterial indexes (r >/= 0.12; P </= 0.02) with the exception of PPc (r = -0.007; P = 0.90) in parent-offspring pairs. The sib-sib correlations were also significant for CAIx (r = 0.22; P = 0.001). The genetic correlation between PWV and the other arterial indexes were significant (rhoG >/= 0.29; P < 0.0001). The corresponding environmental correlations were only significantly positive for PPp (rhoE = 0.10, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The observation of significant intrafamilial concordance and heritability of various indexes of arterial stiffness as well as the genetic correlations among arterial phenotypes strongly support the search for shared genetic determinants underlying these traits
Blood pressure and arterial stiffness indices in 5-years follow-up
Wstęp Spośród nieinwazyjnych parametrów oceny
dużych naczyń tętniczych, wartości ciśnienia tętna
(PP) i wskaźnika wzmocnienia (AI) fali tętna mają
znaczenie prognostyczne. Celem badania była ocena
zmiany ciśnienia tętniczego (BP) i AI w 5-letniej
obserwacji.
Materiał i metody Badaniem objęto 197 osób z losowo
wybranych rodzin (99 rodziców i 98 ich dorosłych
potomków w wieku na początku badania odpowiednio
średnio 51,4 i 25,5 roku), w tym 110 osób
z prawidłowym BP i 87 z nadciśnieniem. Wyjściowo
i po okresie obserwacji wynoszącym 4,8 ± 0,3 roku,
BP mierzono sfigmomanometrem rtęciowym, rejestrowano
falę tętna przy zastosowaniu tonometrii
aplanacyjnej (SphygmoCor, PWV Medical, Australia).
Oceniano obwodowy wskaźnik wzmocnienia
(PAI) i centralny wskaźnik wzmocnienia (CAI) oraz
PP. Poziom istotności statystycznej dla różnic między
grupami w zakresie zmian badanych parametrów
w trakcie obserwacji oceniano przy zastosowaniu
regresji liniowej z uwzględnieniem wartości wyjściowych.
Wyniki Zarówno w grupie rodziców, jak i dorosłych
dzieci, jak również u osób z prawidłowym BP i nadciśnieniem
w obserwacji odległej stwierdzono porównywalny
wzrost wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI)
i spadek częstości akcji serca. Obserwowano większy
wzrost centralnego skurczowego ciśnienia tętniczego
(CSBP) z mniejszym spadkiem centralnego rozkurczowego
ciśnienia tętniczego (CDBP) w pokoleniu
potomków i wśród osób z prawidłowym BP przy
istotniejszym wzroście wartości centralnego ciśnienia
tętna (CPP) w pokoleniu rodziców i osób z nadciśnieniem
(p < 0,005). Podobnie, obserwowano
większy wzrost obwodowego skurczowego ciśnienia
tętniczego (PSBP), a w związku z tym mniejszą redukcję
rozkurczowego ciśnienia (PDBP) z porównywalną
zmianą wartości obwodowego ciśnienia tętna
(PPP) w pokoleniu potomków i u osób z prawidłowym
BP. Zmiany wartości PAI i CAI były bardziej zaznaczone w młodszym pokoleniu w porównaniu
z pokoleniem rodziców i wyniosły odpowiednio 4,4 v.
2,9%; p = 0,004 i 5,2 v. 3,7%; p = 0,0001. Ponadto
zaobserwowano większy wzrost PAI (4,6 v. 4,3%; p =
0,006) i CAI (4,8 v. 4,6%; p = 0,005) u osób z nadciśnieniem
w porównaniu z osobami z prawidłowym
BP.
Wnioski Aortalne ciśnienie tętna jest czulszym
wskaźnikiem usztywnienia aorty związanego z wiekiem
i BP niż PPP. Wyniki badania wskazują, że AI
istotnie wzrasta w pokoleniu potomków, co potwierdza
jego przydatność w ocenie progresji sztywności
aorty u młodych osób.
Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2010, tom 14, nr 6, strony 443-450Background Augmentation index (AI) a measure of enhanced
wave reflection and pulse pressure have been proposed
as a bedside measure of aortic stiffness. The objective
of the present study was to assess changes in blood
pressure (BP) parameters and AI in general population
after 5-years follow-up.
Material and methods From the general population we
recruited 197 members from random families (99 parents
and 98 offspring [age at baseline: 51.4 and 25.5 years]
who constituted 110 normotensives and 87 hypertensives).
Initially and after mean follow-up 4.8 ± 0.3 years we
recorded the radial arterial waveform using the
SphygmoCor device. We evaluated peripheral AI (PAI)
and central AI (CAI). Significance levels of betweengroup
comparisons of the change from baseline were assessed
by a general linear model that adjusted for baseline
value.
Results In both generations as well as in normo- and hypertensive
groups we observed comparable increase in BMI
and decrease in heart rate. We found higher increase in
aortic SBP with lesser decrease in central DBP in offspring
and in normotensives while CPP increase was higher in
parents and in participants with initially diagnosed hypertension
(p < 0.005). We observed greater elevation of brachial SBP with simultaneous lesser reduction in DBP with
similar increase in peripheral PP in offspring and in
normotensives. Changes in PAI and CAI were more pronounced
in younger generation and resulted respectively
4.4 vs 2.9%; p = 0.004 and 5.2 vs 3.7%; p = 0.0001. Moreover
we observed higher increase in PAI (4.6 vs 4.3%; p =
0.006) and in CAI (4.8 vs 4.6%; p = 0.005) in
hypertensives.
Conclusions The aortic pulse pressure more effectively indicate
age and blood pressure related changes in arterial
wall stiffening than brachial pressure. Our findings indicate
that AI increased in offspring and can be used as effective
tool to detect the progressive increase in aortic stiffness
in younger individuals.
Arterial Hypertension 2010, vol. 14, no 6, pages 443-45
Association between siesta (daytime sleep), dietary patterns and the presence of metabolic syndrome in elderly living in Mediterranean area (MEDIS study):The moderating effect of gender
Objectives: Several lifestyle parameters including diet, physical activity and sleep were associated in isolation with the presence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in adults, to date there is a paucity of studies which evaluated their combined role aging populations and especially with respect to gender. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide a global consideration of the lifestyle factors associated with MetS among elderly individuals. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: 21 Mediterranean islands and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece. Participants: during 2005-2015, 2749 older (aged 65-100 years) from were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Measurements: Dietary habits, energy intake, physical activity status, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters (sleeping and smoking habits) and clinical profile aspects were derived through standard procedures. The presence of MetS was defined using the definition provided by NCEP ATP III (revised) and cluster analysis was used to identify overall dietary habit patterns. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS in the study sample was 36.2%, but occurred more frequently in females (40.0% vs. 31.8%, respectively, p=0.03). Individuals with MetS were more likely to sleep during the day (89.4% vs. 76.8% respectively, p=0.039) and frequent ‘siesta’ was positively linked to the odds of MetS presence in females (Odds Ratio (OR) =3.43, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.08-10.9), but not for men (p=0.999). The lower carbohydrate (i.e., 45.2% of total daily energy, 120±16gr/day) dietary cluster was inversely associated with the odds for MetS presence, but only for men (OR=0.094, 95%CI: 0.010-0.883). Conclusions: Lifestyle parameters including sleep and diet quality are strongly associated with the presence of MetS in elderly cohort, but different their level of influence appears to be different, depending on gender. Further research is needed to better consider the role of lifestyle characteristics in the management of MetS in clinical practice
Genome-wide association study identifies single-nucleotide polymorphism in KCNB1 associated with left ventricular mass in humans: The HyperGEN Study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and validation study for left ventricular (LV) mass in the Family Blood Pressure Program – HyperGEN population. LV mass is a sensitive predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in all genders, races, and ages. Polymorphisms of candidate genes in diverse pathways have been associated with LV mass. However, subsequent studies have often failed to replicate these associations. Genome-wide association studies have unprecedented power to identify potential genes with modest effects on left LV mass. We describe here a GWAS for LV mass in Caucasians using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100 k Set. Cases (N = 101) and controls (N = 101) were selected from extreme tails of the LV mass index distribution from 906 individuals in the HyperGEN study. Eleven of 12 promising (<it>Q </it>< 0.8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genome-wide study were successfully genotyped using quantitative real time PCR in a validation study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Despite the relatively small sample, we identified 12 promising SNPs in the GWAS. Eleven SNPs were successfully genotyped in the validation study of 704 Caucasians and 1467 African Americans; 5 SNPs on chromosomes 5, 12, and 20 were significantly (<it>P </it>≤ 0.05) associated with LV mass after correction for multiple testing. One SNP (rs756529) is intragenic within <it>KCNB1</it>, which is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, a previously reported candidate gene for LV hypertrophy within this population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest <it>KCNB1 </it>may be involved in the development of LV hypertrophy in humans.</p
3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial
Background Liraglutide 3\ub70 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m2, or at least 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities, were randomised 2:1, using a telephone or web-based system, to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3\ub70 mg or matched placebo, as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Time to diabetes onset by 160 weeks was the primary outcome, evaluated in all randomised treated individuals with at least one post-baseline assessment. The trial was conducted at 191 clinical research sites in 27 countries and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01272219. Findings The study ran between June 1, 2011, and March 2, 2015. We randomly assigned 2254 patients to receive liraglutide (n=1505) or placebo (n=749). 1128 (50%) participants completed the study up to week 160, after withdrawal of 714 (47%) participants in the liraglutide group and 412 (55%) participants in the placebo group. By week 160, 26 (2%) of 1472 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 46 (6%) of 738 in the placebo group were diagnosed with diabetes while on treatment. The mean time from randomisation to diagnosis was 99 (SD 47) weeks for the 26 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 87 (47) weeks for the 46 individuals in the placebo group. Taking the different diagnosis frequencies between the treatment groups into account, the time to onset of diabetes over 160 weeks among all randomised individuals was 2\ub77 times longer with liraglutide than with placebo (95% CI 1\ub79 to 3\ub79, p<0\ub70001), corresponding with a hazard ratio of 0\ub721 (95% CI 0\ub713\u20130\ub734). Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (\u20136\ub71 [SD 7\ub73] vs 121\ub79% [6\ub73]; estimated treatment difference 124\ub73%, 95% CI 124\ub79 to 123\ub77, p<0\ub70001). Serious adverse events were reported by 227 (15%) of 1501 randomised treated individuals in the liraglutide group versus 96 (13%) of 747 individuals in the placebo group. Interpretation In this trial, we provide results for 3 years of treatment, with the limitation that withdrawn individuals were not followed up after discontinuation. Liraglutide 3\ub70 mg might provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of diabetes in individuals with obesity and prediabetes. Funding Novo Nordisk, Denmark
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