The effect of irradiation on the magnetic properties of rock and synthetic samples: Implications to irradiation of extraterrestrial materials in space

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. We report here the results of laboratory analog experiments to consider the potential effects of solar energetic particles (SEP or solar-flare-associated particles) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) on the magnetic properties of extraterrestrial materials. We carried out proton bombardment experiments (with irradiation energies E1=400, E2 =850 keV and three irradiation fluences in 1014–1016p/cm2 range) and lead-ion bombardment experiments (E =1 GeV) on (previously demagnetized by 120 mT alternating magnetic field) rock and synthetic samples with the following magnetic carriers: metallic iron and nickel iron, Ti-rich and Ti-free magnetite, pyrrhotite. Irradiation experiments resulted in either further demagnetization or magnetization of irradiated samples depending on the type of magnetic mineralogy and type of ionizing radiation involved. Apart for the formation of radiation-induced remanent magnetization (RIRM), we observed major changes in bulk magnetic properties, i.e., a moderate to dramatic decrease (up to 93%) in the coercivity of remanence Bcr for all iron-bearing phases (iron-in-epoxy and Bensour meteorite samples). Contrary to iron-bearing samples, several magnetite-bearing samples experienced a radiation-induced magnetic hardening (increase in Bcr). Magnetic hardening was also observed for Ar2+ ion-irradiated nickel iron-bearing HED meteorites, measured for comparison with the previously stated results. Therefore, the combined effect of SEP with GCR may magnetically soften iron-bearing materials and harden magnetite-bearing materials. In order to answer the question wether RIRM may account for natural remanent magnetization of meteorites and lunar samples, physical mechanism of RIRM formation and potential dependence of RIRM intensity on the background magnetic field present during irradiation event should be investigated

Estimated Inpatient Hospital Stay in Individual Wards: Guidelines on Radiation Safety after Radioiodine Therapy

Radionuclide therapy safety requirements are regulated by the Russian Radiation Safety Standards (RRSS), which state the maximum allowed radionuclide activity in the body and the equivalent dose rate (EDR) of gamma radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the time of an inpatient hospital stay in specially designed radionuclide therapy wards. The article presents the findings of individual 131I biokinetics studies in 64 patients admitted to radioiodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis and differentiated thyroid cancer. We developed a method to calculate the time interval to reach the EDR of 20μSv/h and the recommended EDR of 3 and 0.3μSv/h for adults and children, respectively. It is based on the measurement of the 131I excretion constant. Keywords: Radioiodine therapy, Radiation safety, Guidelin

Luminescence spectra of germanosilicate optical fibres I - radioluminescence and cathodoluminescence

Data are reported on the luminescence spectra generated by X-ray and electron irradiation of optical fibres, fibre preforms and silica. The impurities and imperfections in the fibre core have a higher luminescence efficiency than those in the substrate material. The core luminescence provides a major fraction of the total light emission, despite the fact that the core is a small fraction of the total fibre volume. A wide variety of overlapping emission bands are reported. The spectra are strongly temperature dependent but the component emission bands can generally be linked to either Ge impurities, giving the 400 nm band, exciton emission near 460 nm or other blue/UV bands linked to E'-type defects. Overall, the study of the fibre luminescence provides a sensitive technique for analysis d changes and repeatability of fibre fabrication

Клиническое исследование переносимости, безопасности и иммуногенности отечественной гриппозной инактивированной сплит-вакцины «ФЛЮ-М» у детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 9 лет

Purpose: To study the reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the Russian vaccine Flu-M in comparison with Vaxigrip vaccine for influenza prevention in children aged from 6 months to 9 years (phase III).Materials and Methods. In 2021, a clinical study was conducted in which children aged 6 months to 9 years were immunized with Flu-M vaccine (produced by SPbSRIVS, Russia) and Vaxigrip vaccine (produced by Sanofi Pasteur S.A., France). After randomization one group of children was vaccinated with Flu-M, the other with Vaxigrip, and monitored for 180±3 days after vaccination. Children vaccinated between 3 and 9 years of age were studied in phase I, and between 6 months and 3 years of age in phase II. Tolerability and safety were assessed by the frequency and extent of adverse events, as well as by the assessment of vital signs and physical examination. Immunological efficacy assessment criteria were geometric mean antibody titer, seroconversion level, seroconversion factor, seroprotection level.Results. Both vaccines (Flu-M and Vaxigrip) were shown to be well tolerated by children of both age groups. No serious adverse events or severe adverse events were reported   in the study. Immunological efficacy criteria were achieved for both vaccines for all strains of influenza virus in children of both age groups at 28 and 56 days after vaccination. No cases of influenza or acute respiratory infections were seen at 180±3 days postvaccination.Conclusion. The results of the clinical study show that the Flu-M and Vaxigrip vaccines are comparable in both age groups of children.The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 05470582).Цель: изучение реактогенности, безопасности и иммуногенности отечественной вакцины «Флю-М» в сравнении с вакциной «Ваксигрип» для профилактики гриппа у детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 9 лет (фаза III).Материалы и методы: в 2021 г. проведено клиническое исследование при иммунизации детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 9 лет вакциной «Флю-М» (производство СПбНИИВС, Россия) и вакциной «Ваксигрип» (производство «Санофи Пастер С.А.», Франция). После рандомизации в соотношении 1:1 одну группу детей прививали вакциной «Флю-М», другую  –  вакциной  «Ваксигрип» и наблюдали в течение 180±3 суток после  вакцинации. На I этапе исследовали детей в возрасте от 3 до    9 лет, на II этапе – в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 3 лет. Переносимость и безопасность оценивали по частоте развития и степени тяжести нежелательных явлений, а также по результатам лабораторных исследований, оценки показателей жизненно важных функций и результатам физикального обследования и неврологического осмотра. Критериями оценки иммунологической эффективности являлись средняя геометрическая титра антител, уровень сероконверсии, фактор сероконверсии, уровень серопротекции.Результаты: показано, что обе вакцины («Флю-М» и «Ваксигрип») хорошо переносились детьми обеих возрастных групп. Нежелательных явлений сильной степени тяжести, а также серьезных нежелательных явлений в исследовании не было зарегистрировано. Критерии иммунологической эффективности были достигнуты для обеих вакцин по всем штаммам вируса гриппа у детей обеих возрастных категорий через 28 и 56 дней после вакцинации. В ходе наблюдения в течение 180±3 суток после вакцинации случаев заболеваемости гриппом или острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями не отмечалось.Заключение: результаты клинического исследования свидетельствуют о сопоставимости вакцин «Флю-М» и «Ваксигрип» для детей обеих возрастных категорий. Исследование зарегистрировано на ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05470582)

Influence of genital infections of matter on the physical development of children and their successful of learning from 1 to 8 class

It has been established that the presence of genital infections in the mother during pregnancy increases the risk of anemia, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, weakness of labor, premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery. Boys born to mothers with genital infections, compared with the control group of boys decreased length and weight at birth and at 1 year of age, decreased weight in 14 and 16 years of age, decreased body mass index - at birth, at 12 and 16 years. Girls bom to mothers with genital infections, compared with the control group of girls reduced length and weight at birth and at 14 years of age increased length and weight. Available maternal genital infections reduces the success of training boys for individual subjects and the average score during training 1 to grade 8, but usually not reduces the success of education for girls. Indirectly, this indicates a higher vulnerability of male fetuses with respect to various complications of pregnancy compared with female fetuses.Установлено, что наличие генитальных инфекций у матери во время беременности повышает риск развития анемии, преэкламлсии, плацентарной недостаточности, слабости родовой деятельности, преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек и преждевременных родов. У мальчиков, рожденных от матерей с генитальными инфекциями, по сравнению с мальчиками контрольной группы снижены длина и масса тела при рождении и в 1 год, масса тела - в 14 и 16 лет, индекс массы тела - при рождении, в 12 и 16 лет. У девочек, рожденных от матерей с генитальными инфекциями, по сравнению с девочками контрольной группы снижены длина и масса тела при рождении, а в 14 лет повышены длина и масса тела. Наличие у матери генитальных инфекций снижает успешностъ обучения у мальчиков по отдельным дисциплинам и среднему баллу в период обучения с 1 по 8 класс, но, как правило, не снижает успешность обучения у девочек. Косвенно это указывает на более высокую уязвимость плодов мужского пола по отношению к различным осложнениям беременности по сравнению с плодами женского пола