257 research outputs found
Self-activated ultrahigh chemosensitivity of oxide thin film nanostructures for transparent sensors
One of the top design priorities for semiconductor chemical sensors is developing simple, low-cost, sensitive and reliable sensors to be built in handheld devices. However, the need to implement heating elements in sensor devices, and the resulting high power consumption, remains a major obstacle for the realization of miniaturized and integrated chemoresistive thin film sensors based on metal oxides. Here we demonstrate structurally simple but extremely efficient all oxide chemoresistive sensors with similar to 90% transmittance at visible wavelengths. Highly effective self-activation in anisotropically self-assembled nanocolumnar tungsten oxide thin films on glass substrate with indium-tin oxide electrodes enables ultrahigh response to nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds with detection limits down to parts per trillion levels and power consumption less than 0.2 microwatts. Beyond the sensing performance, high transparency at visible wavelengths creates opportunities for their use in transparent electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices with avenues for further functional convergence.open181
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² Π·Π°Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The difficulties in translating the attributive group of nouns, known as "nouns chain", β the chain of nouns, in the titles of documents on the material of English-language editions of scientific and technical literature entering the electronic catalog of BEN RAS are discussed. For the first time, the peculiarities of translation of titles are considered under the condition that unions and prepositions are included in the constituent title of the attribute group, as a result of which the "rule of a number" does not work. This situation suggests the emergence of structural and lexical units of a new type, which the authors distinguish as attribute groups with branching nouns. In the practical work of the cataloger it is recommended to use an approach to avoid possible confusion in the translation of these structural and lexical units. In the process of translation it is recommended: to carry out grammatical analysis of the English title, to select the attribute group and to structure it in the proposed template in order to establish logical and semantic links between individual words. A visual representation of the links allows the cataloging translator to see and evaluate the information order of words within the framework of the discussed phenomenon. The recommended analysis makes it possible to identify phrases that meet the known terminological constructions, adequate translation of which contributes to the choice of the correct index of systematization.ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«noun chainΒ» β ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π² Π·Π°Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Β«ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°Β» Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΡ-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Physico-mechanical properties of the sinter of various chemical composition
The paper includes data on the physico-mechanical properties of sinter of various origins including density (bulk, average, and true), porosity (open and total), critical angle of repose, internal and external angles of repose measured on dropping the material down onto a horizontal surface from a steel sheet inclined by 40 , 60 , and 80 to the horizon, angle of external friction on the steel surface, the strength properties of the sinter in a cold state and after reduction at a temperature of 500 C. The investigated sinter had the following characteristics: an average density of 3.20-3.30 g/cm3; a true density of 4.43-4.57 g/cm3; an external angle of repose of 20.5-32.3 deg; a bulk porosity of 0.46-0.50 m3/m3; a degree of reduction by hydrogen at 500 C of 3.3-4.8%. It demonstrated the following strength characteristics in the cold state: IR+5 = 92.0%, D0.5-5 = 5.5%, A-0.5 = 2.5%. The strength characteristics after low-temperature reduction in hydrogen atmosphere were as follows: IR+5 = 29.80 %; D0.5-5 = 57.6 %; A-0.5 = 12.6 %. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Π’Π΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
This article discusses the basic principles of the poetological thesaurus embracing all the branches of learning related to comprehensive theoretical and historical study of poetry. This thesaurus is conceived of as a subject-oriented reference system, as an information search tool, and an analytical instrument. The proposed conceptual and engineering design is evaluated from the standpoint of modern standards of thesaurus implementation in information retrieval systems.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ - Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Objective: to improve the results of treatment of cancer patients with strictures and obliteration of the ureters after surgery and/or remote radiation therapy.Materials and methods. The study included 6 men and 12 women. The average age of men was 67 + 8.5 years (53β79years) and 46 + 15.8 years (28β74years) among women. According to the results of X-ray examinations, the average length of cicatricial narrowing of the ureter was determined, after which the tactics of surgical treatment were determined.Results. The duration of surgical treatment rangedfrom 97 to 380 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss in all groups was approximately the same and ranged from 20 to 160 ml. Intraoperative complications occurred in one patient (5.5 %), injury of the intestine. The described damage was repaired by the intracorporeal manual suture. All operations were completed laparoscopically. A generalized indicator of postoperative complications reached 16.7 %. All the complications that occurred had a slight effect on the the rehabilitation period.Conclusion. The results of this work indicate that ureteroplasty in patients after cancer treatment can be performed by laparoscopic access, which significantly reduces the invasiveness of surgery, reduces the length of hospital stay and rehabilitation of patients. Also, the possibilities of laparoscopic surgery allow you to achieve better visualization, to form more precise sutures.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 6 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 12 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 67 + 8,5 (53β79) Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ β 46 + 15,8 (28β74) Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 97β380ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 20β160ΠΌΠ». ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ) Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ 1 (5,5 %) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡ-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ 16,7 %. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎ-Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Ρ
Prospects in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
Tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption,
emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry) are considered. The
first three techniques are the most widespread and universal, with the best
sensitivity attributed to atomic mass spectrometry. In the direct elemental
analysis of solid samples, the leading roles are now conquered by laser-induced
breakdown and laser ablation mass spectrometry, and the related techniques with
transfer of the laser ablation products into inductively-coupled plasma.
Advances in design of diode lasers and optical parametric oscillators promote
developments in fluorescence and ionization spectrometry and also in absorption
techniques where uses of optical cavities for increased effective absorption
pathlength are expected to expand. Prospects for analytical instrumentation are
seen in higher productivity, portability, miniaturization, incorporation of
advanced software, automated sample preparation and transition to the
multifunctional modular architecture. Steady progress and growth in
applications of plasma- and laser-based methods are observed. An interest
towards the absolute (standardless) analysis has revived, particularly in the
emission spectrometry.Comment: Proofread copy with an added full reference list of 279 citations. A
pdf version of the final published review may be requested from Alexander
Bol'shakov <[email protected]
The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein recognition by the human 14-3-3 proteins
The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) controls viral genome packaging and contains numerous phosphorylation sites located within unstructured regions. Binding of phosphorylated SARS-CoV N to the host 14-3-3 protein in the cytoplasm was reported to regulate nucleocytoplasmic N shuttling. All seven isoforms of the human 14-3-3 are abundantly present in tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, where N can constitute up to βΌ1% of expressed proteins during infection. Although the association between 14-3-3 and SARS-CoV-2 N proteins can represent one of the key host-pathogen interactions, its molecular mechanism and the specific critical phosphosites are unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylated SARS-CoV-2 N protein (pN) dimers, reconstituted via bacterial co-expression with protein kinase A, directly associate, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, with the dimeric 14-3-3 protein, but not with its monomeric mutant. We demonstrate that pN is recognized by all seven human 14-3-3 isoforms with various efficiencies and deduce the apparent KD to selected isoforms, showing that these are in a low micromolar range. Serial truncations pinpointed a critical phosphorylation site to Ser197, which is conserved among related zoonotic coronaviruses and located within the functionally important, SR-rich region of N. The relatively tight 14-3-3/pN association could regulate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and other functions of N via occlusion of the SR-rich region, and could also hijack cellular pathways by 14-3-3 sequestration. As such, the assembly may represent a valuable target for therapeutic intervention
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