Self-activated ultrahigh chemosensitivity of oxide thin film nanostructures for transparent sensors

One of the top design priorities for semiconductor chemical sensors is developing simple, low-cost, sensitive and reliable sensors to be built in handheld devices. However, the need to implement heating elements in sensor devices, and the resulting high power consumption, remains a major obstacle for the realization of miniaturized and integrated chemoresistive thin film sensors based on metal oxides. Here we demonstrate structurally simple but extremely efficient all oxide chemoresistive sensors with similar to 90% transmittance at visible wavelengths. Highly effective self-activation in anisotropically self-assembled nanocolumnar tungsten oxide thin films on glass substrate with indium-tin oxide electrodes enables ultrahigh response to nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds with detection limits down to parts per trillion levels and power consumption less than 0.2 microwatts. Beyond the sensing performance, high transparency at visible wavelengths creates opportunities for their use in transparent electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices with avenues for further functional convergence.open181

Перевод атрибутивной группы в заглавиях англоязычных научно-технических документов при каталогизации

The difficulties in translating the attributive group of nouns, known as "nouns chain", – the chain of nouns, in the titles of documents on the material of English-language editions of scientific and technical literature entering the electronic catalog of BEN RAS are discussed. For the first time, the peculiarities of translation of titles are considered under the condition that unions and prepositions are included in the constituent title of the attribute group, as a result of which the "rule of a number" does not work. This situation suggests the emergence of structural and lexical units of a new type, which the authors distinguish as attribute groups with branching nouns. In the practical work of the cataloger it is recommended to use an approach to avoid possible confusion in the translation of these structural and lexical units. In the process of translation it is recommended: to carry out grammatical analysis of the English title, to select the attribute group and to structure it in the proposed template in order to establish logical and semantic links between individual words. A visual representation of the links allows the cataloging translator to see and evaluate the information order of words within the framework of the discussed phenomenon. The recommended analysis makes it possible to identify phrases that meet the known terminological constructions, adequate translation of which contributes to the choice of the correct index of systematization.Обсуждаются трудности, возникающие при переводе атрибутивной группы существительных, известной как «noun chain» – цепочка существительных, в заглавиях документов на материале англоязычных изданий научно-технической литературы, поступающей в электронный каталог БЕН РАН. Впервые рассмотрены особенности перевода заглавий в случае, когда в составляющую заглавие атрибутивную группу входят союзы и предлоги, вследствие чего «правило ряда» не работает. Такая ситуация говорит о появлении структурно-лексических единиц нового типа, которые авторы выделяют как атрибутивные группы с ветвлением существительных. В практической работе каталогизатора рекомендуется использовать подход, позволяющий избежать возможной путаницы при переводе этих структурно-лексических единиц. В процессе перевода рекомендуется: провести грамматический анализ английского заглавия, выделить атрибутивную группу и структурировать её в предложенном шаблоне для установления логических и семантических связей между отдельными словами. Наглядное представление связей позволяет переводчику-каталогизатору увидеть и оценить информационный порядок слов в рамках обсуждаемого явления. Рекомендуемый анализ позволяет выявлять словосочетания, отвечающие известным терминологическим конструкциям, адекватный перевод которых способствует выбору верного индекса систематизации

Physico-mechanical properties of the sinter of various chemical composition

The paper includes data on the physico-mechanical properties of sinter of various origins including density (bulk, average, and true), porosity (open and total), critical angle of repose, internal and external angles of repose measured on dropping the material down onto a horizontal surface from a steel sheet inclined by 40 , 60 , and 80 to the horizon, angle of external friction on the steel surface, the strength properties of the sinter in a cold state and after reduction at a temperature of 500 C. The investigated sinter had the following characteristics: an average density of 3.20-3.30 g/cm3; a true density of 4.43-4.57 g/cm3; an external angle of repose of 20.5-32.3 deg; a bulk porosity of 0.46-0.50 m3/m3; a degree of reduction by hydrogen at 500 C of 3.3-4.8%. It demonstrated the following strength characteristics in the cold state: IR+5 = 92.0%, D0.5-5 = 5.5%, A-0.5 = 2.5%. The strength characteristics after low-temperature reduction in hydrogen atmosphere were as follows: IR+5 = 29.80 %; D0.5-5 = 57.6 %; A-0.5 = 12.6 %. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Тезаурус как инструмент поэтологии

This article discusses the basic principles of the poetological thesaurus embracing all the branches of learning related to comprehensive theoretical and historical study of poetry. This thesaurus is conceived of as a subject-oriented reference system, as an information search tool, and an analytical instrument. The proposed conceptual and engineering design is evaluated from the standpoint of modern standards of thesaurus implementation in information retrieval systems.Рассмотрены принципы создания тезауруса по поэтологии - группе дисциплин, ориентированных на всестороннее теоретическое и историческое изучение поэзии. Этот тезаурус мыслится как предметно-ориентированный справочник, информационно-поисковый инструмент и инструмент аналитических исследований. Предложенные концептуальные и технологические решения оцениваются с точки зрения современных стандартов представления тезаурусов в информационных системах

Лапароскопическая пластика мочеточников у онкологических пациентов

Objective: to improve the results of treatment of cancer patients with strictures and obliteration of the ureters after surgery and/or remote radiation therapy.Materials and methods. The study included 6 men and 12 women. The average age of men was 67 + 8.5 years (53—79years) and 46 + 15.8 years (28—74years) among women. According to the results of X-ray examinations, the average length of cicatricial narrowing of the ureter was determined, after which the tactics of surgical treatment were determined.Results. The duration of surgical treatment rangedfrom 97 to 380 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss in all groups was approximately the same and ranged from 20 to 160 ml. Intraoperative complications occurred in one patient (5.5 %), injury of the intestine. The described damage was repaired by the intracorporeal manual suture. All operations were completed laparoscopically. A generalized indicator of postoperative complications reached 16.7 %. All the complications that occurred had a slight effect on the the rehabilitation period.Conclusion. The results of this work indicate that ureteroplasty in patients after cancer treatment can be performed by laparoscopic access, which significantly reduces the invasiveness of surgery, reduces the length of hospital stay and rehabilitation of patients. Also, the possibilities of laparoscopic surgery allow you to achieve better visualization, to form more precise sutures.Цель исследования — улучшение результатов лечения онкологических пациентов со стриктурами и облитерациями мочеточников после перенесенного оперативного вмешательства и/или дистанционной лучевой терапии.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 6 мужчин и 12 женщин. Средний возраст мужчин составил 67 + 8,5 (53—79) года, женщин — 46 + 15,8 (28—74) года. По результатам проведенных рентгенурологических обследований оценивали среднюю протяженность рубцового сужения мочеточника, после чего определяли тактику оперативного лечения.Результаты. Продолжительность оперативного лечения составила 97—380мин. Интраоперационный объем кровопотери во всех группах был примерно одинаковый и составил 20—160мл. Необходимости в гемотрансфузии не возникло ни в одном случае. Интраоперационное осложнение (вскрытие просвета тонкой кишки) зафиксировано у 1 (5,5 %) пациентки и устранено интракор-поральным мануальным швом. Все операции завершены лапароскопически без конверсии доступа. Обобщенный показатель послеоперационных осложнений достиг 16,7 %. При этом все возникшие осложнения незначительно повлияли на среднее число койко-дней и период реабилитации.Заключение. Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что пластику мочеточника у пациентов после лечения онкологических заболеваний можно выполнять лапароскопическим доступом, который значительно снижает травматичность хирургического вмешательства, сокращает длительность пребывания в стационаре и реабилитации больных. Также возможности лапароскопической хирургии позволяют добиться лучшей визуализации, сформировать более прецизионные швы

Prospects in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption, emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry) are considered. The first three techniques are the most widespread and universal, with the best sensitivity attributed to atomic mass spectrometry. In the direct elemental analysis of solid samples, the leading roles are now conquered by laser-induced breakdown and laser ablation mass spectrometry, and the related techniques with transfer of the laser ablation products into inductively-coupled plasma. Advances in design of diode lasers and optical parametric oscillators promote developments in fluorescence and ionization spectrometry and also in absorption techniques where uses of optical cavities for increased effective absorption pathlength are expected to expand. Prospects for analytical instrumentation are seen in higher productivity, portability, miniaturization, incorporation of advanced software, automated sample preparation and transition to the multifunctional modular architecture. Steady progress and growth in applications of plasma- and laser-based methods are observed. An interest towards the absolute (standardless) analysis has revived, particularly in the emission spectrometry.Comment: Proofread copy with an added full reference list of 279 citations. A pdf version of the final published review may be requested from Alexander Bol'shakov <[email protected]

The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein recognition by the human 14-3-3 proteins

The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) controls viral genome packaging and contains numerous phosphorylation sites located within unstructured regions. Binding of phosphorylated SARS-CoV N to the host 14-3-3 protein in the cytoplasm was reported to regulate nucleocytoplasmic N shuttling. All seven isoforms of the human 14-3-3 are abundantly present in tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, where N can constitute up to ∼1% of expressed proteins during infection. Although the association between 14-3-3 and SARS-CoV-2 N proteins can represent one of the key host-pathogen interactions, its molecular mechanism and the specific critical phosphosites are unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylated SARS-CoV-2 N protein (pN) dimers, reconstituted via bacterial co-expression with protein kinase A, directly associate, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, with the dimeric 14-3-3 protein, but not with its monomeric mutant. We demonstrate that pN is recognized by all seven human 14-3-3 isoforms with various efficiencies and deduce the apparent KD to selected isoforms, showing that these are in a low micromolar range. Serial truncations pinpointed a critical phosphorylation site to Ser197, which is conserved among related zoonotic coronaviruses and located within the functionally important, SR-rich region of N. The relatively tight 14-3-3/pN association could regulate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and other functions of N via occlusion of the SR-rich region, and could also hijack cellular pathways by 14-3-3 sequestration. As such, the assembly may represent a valuable target for therapeutic intervention