Uranium stripping from tri-n-butyl phosphate by hydrogen peroxide solutions

The processes of uranium stripping from 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in "odorless" kerosene by H2O2 solutions both with and without NH4OH added were investigated in the temperature range of 20-50 C and with a volumetric ratio of 1 between the organic and aqueous phases. The uranium was selectively precipitated in the form of uranium peroxide during stripping from the organic phase by hydrogen peroxide. The stripping of uranium increased with increasing H2O2 content, increasing temperature and increasing concentration of NH3 in the range of 0-15 g/L. The use of a heated solution (40 C) that contained 4 mol H 2O2/mol U and NH3 12 g/L resulted in 99.7% of the uranium being stripped from TBP in the form of uranium peroxide. The uranium peroxide obtained by stripping is a highly pure product that exists in two different hydrated forms: UO4в̂™4H2O (92 mass %) and UO4в̂™2H2O. The mean particle diameter was 20.75 μm. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the organic phase was studied by IR spectroscopy. No structural changes in TBP were observed after 30 cycles of extraction/stripping; thus, the use of hydrogen peroxide in this application is unrestricted. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Quantitative electroencephalography indicators in children with acute purulent meningitis

The aim of the present work was to assess the state of brain bioelectrical activity in children during the acute period of bacterial purulent meningitis, with quantitative mathematical analysis of the changes found. The studies included 31 children on days 1 and 6 from onset of illness: 16 children (8.9 ± 2.4 years) admitted to the Pediatric Scientifi c Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases with laboratory confi rmation of diagnoses of purulent meningitis (due to Neisseria meningitidis) (n = 11) or Streptomyces pneumoniae (n = 2) or unidentifi ed pathogen (n = 3)), along with 15 healthy childre

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ИКСОДОВЫХ КЛЕЩЕВЫХ БОРРЕЛИОЗОВ

This review present current immunological, microbiological and molecular genetic features of Lyme disease. The mechanisms of borrelia’s dissemination and adaptation in the macroorganism are describe. The role of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the development of autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin-lymfomas is describe.В обзоре представлены современные микробиологические, иммунологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности иксодовых клещевых боррелиозов. Описаны механизмы диссиминации и адаптации боррелий в условиях макроорганизма. Освещена роль B. burgdorferi s.l. в развитии аутоиммунных заболеваний и неходжскинских лимфом

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИКСОДОВОГО КЛЕЩЕВОГО БОРРЕЛИОЗА, ВЫЗВАННОГО BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI, У ДЕТЕЙ

The article presents the results of a survey of 77 patients with confirmed acute tick-borne infection in the age of 1 year to 17 years. Three patients (5%) selected Borrelia miyamotoi. Identified clinical and laboratory features of infection caused by Borrelia miyamotoi. It is shown that Borrelia miyamotoi causes the development of recurrent febrile conditions without erythema migrans at the background of marked cerebral symptoms. In this regard, necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of this disease with tick borne encephalitis.В статье представлены результаты обследования 77 больных с подтвержденной острой клещевой инфекцией в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет. У 3 пациентов (5%) выделена Borrelia miyamotoi. Выявлены клинико-лабораторные особенности инфекции, вызванной Borrelia miyamotoi. Показано, что Borrelia miyamotoi вызывает развитие рецидивирующих лихорадочных состояний без мигрирующей эритемы на фоне выраженной общемозговой симптоматики. В связи с этим необходимо проведение дифференциальной диагностики данного заболевания с клещевым энцефалитом

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВИТАМИНА D В ПАТОЛОГИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

This review article presents the current data on vitamin D metabolism, «classical» and «nonclassical» functions which are most widely studied in recent years. Vitamin D inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates cell differentiation, inhibits adaptive immunity and promotes innate immunity. In recent years, proven the impact of vitamin D on the development and functioning of the nervous system, including the process of myelination. These effects can largely determine the role of vitamin D in the prevention and for a number of widespread diseases of modern man, including infectious pathology, autoimmune diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, which explains the necessity of studying the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in a variety of human pathology. В обзорной статье представлены современные сведения о витамине D, его метаболизме, «классическим» и «неклассическим» функциям, которые наиболее широко изучаются в последнее время. Витамин D подавляет пролиферацию клеток и стимулирует клеточную дифференциацию, ингибирует адаптивный иммунитет и способствует врожденному иммунитету. В последние годы доказано влияние витамина D на развитие и функционирование нервной системы, включая процессы миелинизации. Эти эффекты во многом могут определять роль витамина D в профилактике и течении целого ряда широко распространенных заболеваний современного человека, включая инфекционную патологию, аутоиммунные заболевания, нервно-психические расстройства, что объясняет необходимость изучения терапевтического потенциала витамина D при различной патологии человека.

Cytokines and neuron-specific proteins in pediatric viral encephalitis and convulsive syndrome. I. Viral encephalitis

Convulsive syndrome in children is manifested in the three forms: febrile convulsions in acute infections, symptomatic convulsions during acute neuroinfection, as well as onset of epilepsy requiring careful differentiation to prescribe adequate therapy. A threat of convulsive syndrome spreads beyond complications related to ongoing infection, because its development is associated with the risk of emerging symptomatic epilepsy in the future. Postencephalitic epilepsy developing in children within the first years after viral encephalitis has been specifically highlighted. A necessity to identify groups at risk of developing epilepsy gave a momentum to seek out for biomarkers of epileptogenesis reflecting the features of systemic and local inflammatory process in the central nervous system during the immune response to infection. Cytokines mainly mediating inflammation are currently examined being studied as candidate biomarkers of the risk of epilepsy. On the other hand, neuron-specific proteins known as inflammation biomarkers identified in various diseases of the central nervous system are being investigated to reveal brain cell injury in neuroinfections and epilepsy. Here we review publications assessing a potential to use inflammation biomarkers (cytokines and neuron-specific proteins) to diagnose and monitor pediatric neurological diseases associated with convulsive syndrome. The first part of the review describes the results of determining the inflammation biomarkers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid during acute viral encephalitis/encephalopathy associated with various neurotropic viruses (herpes viruses, flaviviruses, enteroviruses). A significance of diverse biomarkers in predicting an outcome and long-term disease consequences are discussed

Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool of differential diagnostic in the brainstem damage in children

In this review, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented as a tool for the differential diagnostics of the brainstem lesions in children. It has been shown that both the isolated brainstem lesions or those related to the supratentorial changes occur within a wide range of pathological conditions in acute stroke, dismetabolic disorders, inflammatory processes of both the infectious and non-infectious (autoimmune, paraneoplastic) etiology, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors. A small size of the brainstem, as well as a less clear distinction between the gray and white matter and certain limitations of visualization of the infratentorial structures with multiparametric MRI often lead to difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Sometimes the most important in the diagnostics is the topography of lesions and their signal intensity. Nevertheless, the clinical data, the results of epidemiological and laboratory studies are of primary importance for the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ОСТРОГО ВЯЛОГО ПАРАЛИЧА У ДЕТЕЙ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛИ

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Conduction studies of phrenic nerve in healthy children

Background. Unlike parameters of phrenic nerve conduction in healthy adults characterized by stability, in children variations with age are observed. The objective is to investigate the M-wave latency and amplitude in electroneurographic (ENG) examination of the phrenic nerve in healthy children of different ages for development of a normative database of neurophysiological data.Materials and methods. 48 healthy children (28 girls and 20 boys) were examined. Mean age was 9.19 ± 5.43 years (1–18 years). ENG examination of the phrenic nerve was performed with the modified standard procedure of stimulation at the level of the outer margin of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with registration of M-wave from standard diaphragm point and parallel registration of the muscle activity from m.deltoideus and m.serratus anterior.Results. Mean values of the M-response latency were 5.64 ± 1.25 ms, amplitude – 0.66 ± 0.34 mV. For age-differentiated subgroups 1–2 years (n = 7), 3–5 years (n = 9), 6–12 years (n = 15), and 13–18 years (n = 17), the latency was 4.96 ± 1.94; 5.01 ± 1.13; 5.42 ± 0.84, and 6.44 ± 1.43 ms, respectively; the amplitude was 1.01 ± 0.37; 0.87 ± 0.31; 0.61 ± 0.24, and 0.45 ± 0.21 mV, respectively. The M-response amplitude values in children aged 1–2 years significantly differed from the values in children aged 6–12 and 13–18 years.Conclusion. ENG examination of the phrenic nerve is a technically uncomplicated procedure, and the obtained data is easy to interpret. During phrenic nerve ENG in children, it is necessary to take age variability of the M-wave latency and amplitude into account. The M-wave amplitude in healthy toddlers (1–2 years old) was significantly lower than in children aged 6–18 years

Вирусный менингоэнцефалит, осложненный отеком головного мозга и комой: эффективность комплексной терапии с применением l-лизина эсцината

The article presents a clinical case of a 14-year-old patient with viral meningoencephalitis complicated with cerebral edema and a brain coma caused by herpes simplex viruses. Comprehensive etiopathogenetic therapy was not sufficiently effective due to the late referral for medical help and the late start of treatment. It has been shown that the use of the L-lysine escinate preparation up to 10 intravenous injections in a single dose of 0.15 mg/kg twice a day, even in the later stages of encephalitis, which has an extremely severe course due to cerebral edema development, is highly effective due to its multifactorial actions.Представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента 14 лет с вирусным менингоэнцефалитом, осложненным отеком головного мозга и комой, вызванным вирусами простого герпеса. Комплексная этиопатогенетическая терапия имела недостаточную эффективность в связи с поздними обращением за медицинской помощью и началом лечения. Показано, что L-лизина эсцинат при внутривенном введении курсом 10 инфузий в разовой дозе 0,15 мг/кг 2 раза в сутки даже на поздних сроках энцефалита, осложненного отеком головного мозга и имеющего крайне тяжелое течение, высокоэффективен за счет своего многофакторного действия.