Analysis of Fuel Cell Vehicles Hybridization and Implications for Energy Storage Devices

Presents an analysis of hybridization and implications energy storage devices concerning fuel cell vehicles

Spectroscopy of the Methane {\nu}3 Band with an Accurate Mid-Infrared Coherent Dual- Comb Spectrometer

We demonstrate a high-accuracy dual-comb spectrometer centered at 3.4 \mu m. The amplitude and phase spectra of the P, Q, and partial R-branch of the methane {\nu}3 band are measured at 25 MHz to 100 MHz point spacing with ~kHz resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 3500. A fit of the absorbance and phase spectra yield the center frequency of 132 rovibrational lines. The systematic uncertainty is estimated to be 300 kHz, which is 10-3 of the Doppler width and a tenfold improvement over Fourier transform spectroscopy. These data are the first high- accuracy molecular spectra obtained with a direct comb spectrometer.Comment: journal articl

Mid-infrared frequency comb spanning an octave based on an Er fiber laser and difference-frequency generation

We describe a coherent mid-infrared continuum source with 700 cm-1 usable bandwidth, readily tuned within 600 - 2500 cm-1 (4 - 17 \mum) and thus covering much of the infrared "fingerprint" molecular vibration region. It is based on nonlinear frequency conversion in GaSe using a compact commercial 100-fs-pulsed Er fiber laser system providing two amplified near-infrared beams, one of them broadened by a nonlinear optical fiber. The resulting collimated mid-infrared continuum beam of 1 mW quasi-cw power represents a coherent infrared frequency comb with zero carrier-envelope phase, containing about 500,000 modes that are exact multiples of the pulse repetition rate of 40 MHz. The beam's diffraction-limited performance enables long-distance spectroscopic probing as well as maximal focusability for classical and ultraresolving near-field microscopies. Applications are foreseen also in studies of transient chemical phenomena even at ultrafast pump-probe scale, and in high-resolution gas spectroscopy for e.g. breath analysis.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures revised version, added reference

Antisense oligonucleotide and thyroid hormone conjugates for obesity treatment

Using the principle of antibody-drug conjugates that deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents to cancer cells for cancer therapy, we here report the synthesis of antisense-oligonucleotides (ASO) and thyroid hormone T3 conjugates for obesity treatment. ASOs primarily target fat and liver with poor penetrance to other organs. Pharmacological T3 treatment increases energy expenditure and causes weight loss, but is contraindicated for obesity treatment due to systemic effects on multiple organs. We hypothesize that ASO-T3 conjugates may knock down target genes and enrich T3 action in fat and liver. Two established ASOs are tested. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)-ASO prevents diet- induced obesity in mice. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-ASO is an FDA approved drug for treating familial hypercholesterolemia. NNMT-ASO and ApoB-ASO are chemically conjugated with T3 using a non- cleavable sulfo-SMCC linker. Both NNMT-ASO-T3 (NAT3) and ApoB-ASO-T3 (AAT3) enhance thyroid hormone receptor activity. Treating obese mice with NAT3 or AAT3 decreases adiposity and increases lean mass. ASO-T3 enhances white fat browning, decreases genes for fatty acid synthesis in liver, and shows limited effects on T3 target genes in heart and muscle. Furthermore, AAT3 augments LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of ApoB-ASO. Therefore, ASO and hormone/drug conjugation may provide a novel strategy for obesity and hyperlipidemia treatment

Analysis of Fuel Cell Vehicle Hybridization and Implications for Energy Storage Devices: June 2004

This paper addresses the impact of fuel efficiency characteristics on vehicle system efficiency, fuel economy from downsizing different fuel cells, as well as the energy storage system

Ultracapacitors and Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles

Using an ultracapacitor in conjunction with a battery in a hybrid vehicle combines the power performance of the former with the greater energy storage capability of the latter

Використання локального анодного окислення для створення запам’ятовуючих наноприладів

Possibilities of local anodic oxidation (LAO) for superdense information recording using a negative potential on probe of atomic force lithographer (AFL) are investigated in this paper. It is shown that the intensity of LAO surface of metals and semiconductors significantly depends on parameters such as time of oxidation, humidity, type of oxidizable material and anode-cathode potential difference. The possibility of obtaining structures for storage nanodevices is experimentally proved.В работе исследованы возможности метода локального анодного окисления (ЛАО) для получения сверхплотной записи информации с использованием отрицательного потенциала на зонде атомно-силового литографа (АСЛ). Показано, что интенсивность ЛАО поверхности металлов и полупроводников существенно зависит от таких параметров, как время окисления, влажность воздуха, вид окисляемого материала и анодкатодна разность потенциалов. Экспериментально обоснована возможность получения структур для запоминающих наноприборов.У роботі досліджені можливості методу локального анодного окислення (ЛАО) для отримання надщільного запису інформації з використанням негативного потенціалу на зонді атомно-силового літографа (АСЛ). Показано, що інтенсивність ЛАО поверхні металів і напівпровідників істотно залежить від таких параметрів, як час окислення, вологість повітря, вид окислюваного матеріалу і анодкатодна різниця потенціалів. Експериментально обгрунтована можливість одержання структур для запам’ятовуючих наноприладів

Thermal Evaluation of the Honda Insight Battery Pack: Preprint

The hybrid vehicle test efforts at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), with a focus on the Honda Insight's battery thermal management system, are presented. The performance of the Insight's high voltage NiMH battery pack was characterized by conducting in-vehicle dynamometer testing at Environmental Testing Corporation's high altitude dynamometer test facility, on-road testing in the Denver area, and out-of-car testing in NREL's Battery Thermal Management Laboratory. It is concluded that performance does vary considerably due to thermal conditions the pack encounters. The performance variations are due to both inherent NiMH characteristics, and the Insight's thermal management system

Energy Storage Fuel Cell Vehicle Analysis

In recent years, hydrogen fuel cell (FC) vehicle technology has received considerable attention as a strategy to decrease oil consumption and reduce harmful emissions. However, the cost, transient response, and cold performance of FC systems may present significant challenges to widespread adoption of the technology for transportation in the next 15 years. The objectives of this effort were to perform energy storage modeling with fuel cell vehicle simulations to quantify the benefits of hybridization and to identify a process for setting the requirements of ES for hydrogen-powered FC vehicles for U.S. Department of Energys Energy Storage Program