A semi-analytical model for droplet dynamics on the GDL surface of a PEFC electrode

Water management is one of the key factors in Proton Exchange Fuel Cell (PEFC) performance. The water produced within the fuel cell is evacuated through the gas channels, but at high current densities water can block the channel, thus limiting the current density generated in the fuel cell. A semi-analytical model of a water droplet emerging from a gas diffusion layer pore in a PEFC channel is developed. The transient model contains a detailed adhesion and drag force estimation model. Results show that the predicted values for both drag and surface tension force are higher than the results found in literature. The results for the detachment force are consistent with the experimental data available. Higher air velocity values lead to more deformation of the droplet and oscillation with lower frequency but higher amplitude. Similar effects have been identified when the liquid mass flow is increased, leading to faster detachment of the droplet

The application of the cost approach to management of the commercial bank's

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study represents the managerial decision-making mechanism for the commercial bank's equity capital based on the dynamic Black-Scholes option model in the context of selecting the method of the capital increase by means of reinvesting profits and through the additional issue of shares

Methodological approaches to the analysis of space-time distribution of sanitary and hygienic indices of environmental quality

The objective of the study was to improve methodological approaches to the analysis of space-time distribution of indices of environmental quality. Suggested methodics allows assessment and interpretation of changes in spatial characteristics of the subjects of inquiry, the dynamics of spatial and statistical characteristics of the indices, as well as modeling and predicting the development of space-time processes.Целью настоящей работы явилось совершенствование методических подходов к анализу пространственно-временного распределения показателей качества среды обитания. Предложенная методика позволяет оценивать и интерпретировать изменения пространственных характеристик объектов исследования, динамику пространственных и статистических характеристик показателей, проводить моделирование и прогнозирование развития пространственно-временных процессов

Vaccinia Virus Protein C6 Is a Virulence Factor that Binds TBK-1 Adaptor Proteins and Inhibits Activation of IRF3 and IRF7

Recognition of viruses by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) causes interferon-β (IFN-β) induction, a key event in the anti-viral innate immune response, and also a target of viral immune evasion. Here the vaccinia virus (VACV) protein C6 is identified as an inhibitor of PRR-induced IFN-β expression by a functional screen of select VACV open reading frames expressed individually in mammalian cells. C6 is a member of a family of Bcl-2-like poxvirus proteins, many of which have been shown to inhibit innate immune signalling pathways. PRRs activate both NF-κB and IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) to activate the IFN-β promoter induction. Data presented here show that C6 inhibits IRF3 activation and translocation into the nucleus, but does not inhibit NF-κB activation. C6 inhibits IRF3 and IRF7 activation downstream of the kinases TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase-ε (IKKε), which phosphorylate and activate these IRFs. However, C6 does not inhibit TBK1- and IKKε-independent IRF7 activation or the induction of promoters by constitutively active forms of IRF3 or IRF7, indicating that C6 acts at the level of the TBK1/IKKε complex. Consistent with this notion, C6 immunoprecipitated with the TBK1 complex scaffold proteins TANK, SINTBAD and NAP1. C6 is expressed early during infection and is present in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Mutant viruses in which the C6L gene is deleted, or mutated so that the C6 protein is not expressed, replicated normally in cell culture but were attenuated in two in vivo models of infection compared to wild type and revertant controls. Thus C6 contributes to VACV virulence and might do so via the inhibition of PRR-induced activation of IRF3 and IRF7

The application of the cost approach to management of the commercial bank's

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study represents the managerial decision-making mechanism for the commercial bank's equity capital based on the dynamic Black-Scholes option model in the context of selecting the method of the capital increase by means of reinvesting profits and through the additional issue of shares

The application of the cost approach to management of the commercial bank's

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study represents the managerial decision-making mechanism for the commercial bank's equity capital based on the dynamic Black-Scholes option model in the context of selecting the method of the capital increase by means of reinvesting profits and through the additional issue of shares

Reduced core transport in T-10 and TEXTOR discharges at rational surfaces with low magnetic shear

It has been observed in the T-10 tokamak that immediately after off-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) switch-off, the core electron temperature stays constant for some time, which can be as long as several tens of milliseconds, i.e. several energy confinement times (tau(E)), before it starts to decrease. Whether or not the effect is observed depends critically on the local magnetic shear in the vicinity of the q = 1 rational surface, which should be close to zero. It is hypothesized that a small shear can induce the formation of an internal transport barrier. Measurements of density fluctuations in the transport barrier with a correlation reflectometer show immediately after the ECRH switch-off a clear reduction in the fluctuation level, corroborating the above results. The delayed temperature decrease has also been observed in similar discharges in the TEXTOR tokamak; however, the delay is restricted to similar to1 x tau(E)