Etude analytique de l'impact des erreurs de calibration sur les performances d'estimateurs de direction d'arrivées : cas de la méthode MUSIC

- Cet article fournit une expression analytique du biais et de l'EQM (Erreur Quadratique Moyenne) des estimées des directions d'arrivée en fonction des erreurs de calibration des chaînes de réception plus précise (et plus simple) que celles des références [3][4][5]. Nous montrons que les erreurs d'estimations des directions peuvent s'écrire sous la forme d'un rapport de formes hermitiennes de vecteurs aléatoires composés des paramètres d'erreurs. Nous en déduisons alors les liens analytiques précis entre les performances (biais et EQM) et les moments des erreurs de calibration. Nous pouvons ainsi montrer que les résultats de [3][4][5] concernant l'influence de ces erreurs sont exagérément pessimistes

Estimation des paramètres spatio-temporels d'un canal de propagation à trajets multiples

L'identification active de canaux de propagation à trajets multiples réduit le débit de la transmission. Nous proposons ici des algorithmes passifs, qui n'utilisent pas de séquence d'apprentissage. Nous avions proposé, dans une publication antérieure, des algorithmes procédant en deux étapes à partir des méthodes de déconvolution autodidacte. Nous utilisons ici la forme particulière des critères pour estimer conjointement les paramètres spatio-temporels (angles d'incidence et retards de groupe), et donnons leurs bornes de Cramer-Rao. Les propriétés de ces méthodes, ainsi que leurs liens avec l'approche au sens du maximum de vraisemblance, sont démontrées puis analysées par simulations

Classification of array calibration and self-calibration methods

The purpose of this article is to present a classification of the main tnethods for the estimation of the parameters of both the propagation and the reception models of the received signals along an array (calibration or self-calibration) . These methods are classified according to the a priori information they require (external or not), according to the way used to estimate the parameters (identification of the received data ta a model or optimisation of a criterion or according to the criterion itself (projection on the noise subspace, maximum likelihood or sharpness fonction).Nous présentons dans cet article une classification des principales méthodes pour estimer les paramètres du modèle de propagation et de réception des signaux sur une antenne (calibration ou auto-calibration). Ces méthodes sont classées selon l'information qu'elles nécessitent a priori (externe ou non), selon la technique utilisée (identification des données reçues à un modèle ou optimisation d'un certain critère) ou enfin selon le critère mis en oeuvre (projection sur le sous-espace bruit, maximum de vraisemblance ou function de contraste

TMPRSS4 regulates levels of integrin α5 in NSCLC through miR-205 activity to promote metastasis

TMPRSS4 is a membrane-anchored protease involved in cell migration and invasion in different cancer types including lung cancer. TMPRSS4 expression is increased in NSCLC and its inhibition through shRNA reduces lung metastasis. However, molecular mechanisms leading to the protumorigenic regulation of TMPRSS4 in lung cancer are unknown. METHODS: miR-205 was identified as an overexpressed gene upon TMPRSS4 downregulation through microarray analysis. Cell migration and invasion assays and in vivo lung primary tumour and metastasis models were used for functional analysis of miR-205 overexpression in H2170 and H441 cell lines. Luciferase assays were used to identify a new miR-205 direct target in NSCLC. RESULTS: miR-205 overexpression promoted an epithelial phenotype with increased E-cadherin and reduced fibronectin. Furthermore, miR-205 expression caused a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell growth, migration, attachment to fibronectin, primary tumour growth and metastasis formation in vivo. Integrin α5 (a proinvasive protein) was identified as a new miR-205 direct target in NSCLC. Integrin α5 downregulation in lung cancer cells resulted in complete abrogation of cell migration, a decreased capacity to adhere to fibronectin and reduced in vivo tumour growth, compared with control cells. TMPRSS4 silencing resulted in a concomitant reduction of integrin α5 levels. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated for the first time a new molecular pathway that connects TMPRSS4 and integrin α5 through miR-205 to regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Our results will help designing new therapeutic strategies to inhibit this novel pathway in NSCLC

Resveratrol inhibits nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high. NAFLD is linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Approximately 20% of patients with NAFLD will eventually develop cirrhosis. Our purpose was to investigate whether resveratrol decreased hepatic steatosis in an animal model of steatosis, and whether this therapeutic approach resulted in a decrease in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar CRL: Wi (Han) (225 g) rats were randomized into three groups. A control group (n = 12) was given free access to regular dry rat chow for 4 weeks. The steatosis (n = 12) and resveratrol (n = 12) groups were given free access to feed (a high carbohydrate-fat free modified diet) and water 4 days per week, and fasted for the remaining 3 days for 4 weeks. Rats in the resveratrol group were given resveratrol 10 mg daily by the oral route. All rats were killed at 4 weeks and assessed for fatty infiltration and bacterial translocation. Levels of TNF-α in serum, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and nitric oxide synthase) and biochemical parameters were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fat deposition was decreased in the resveratrol group as compared to the steatosis group (Grade 1 vs Grade 3, P < 0.05). TNF-α and MDA levels were significantly increased in the steatosis group (TNF-α; 33.4 ± 5.2 vs 26.24 ± 3.47 pg/ml and MDA; 9.08 ± 0.8 vs 3.17 ± 1.45 μM respectively, <it>P </it>< 0.05). This was accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and decreased nitric oxide synthase in the liver of resveratrol group significantly (<it>P </it>< 0.05 vs steatosis group). Bacterial translocation was not found in any of the groups. Glucose levels were decreased in the group of rats given resveratrol (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Resveratrol decreased NAFLD severity in rats. This effect was mediated, at least in part, by TNF-α inhibition and antioxidant activities.</p

Effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol is a polyphenol with important antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice. METHODS: Mice were randomly distributed into four groups (control, resveratrol-treated control, alcohol and resveratrol-treated alcohol). Chronic alcohol intoxication was induced by progressively administering alcohol in drinking water up to 40% v/v. The mice administered resveratrol received 10 mg/ml in drinking water. The animals had free access to standard diet. Blood levels were determined for transaminases, IL-1 and TNF-α. A histological evaluation was made of liver damage, and survival among the animals was recorded. RESULTS: Transaminase concentration was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the rest of the groups (p < 0.05). IL-1 levels were significantly reduced in the alcohol plus resveratrol group compared with the alcohol group (p < 0.05). TNF-α was not detected in any group. Histologically, the liver lesions were more severe in the alcohol group, though no significant differences between groups were observed. Mortality in the alcohol group was 78% in the seventh week, versus 22% in the alcohol plus resveratrol group (p < 0.001). All mice in the alcohol group died before the ninth week. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that resveratrol reduces mortality and liver damage in mice

Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants’ sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD

Un algorithme non iteratif pour la localisation de sources avec des erreurs de modele dependant de leur direction

Les diverses méthodes utilisées en traitement d'antenne, pour mesurer l'incidence de plusieurs émetteurs, sont fortement -perturbées par des inadéquations de modèle. L 'identifiabilité des paramètres est exposée. Pour des erreurs dépendants de la direction de l'émetteur, lorsque la solution est unique, une technique permettant de mesurer simultanément ces paramètres d'erreurs et l'incidence de la source est proposée. Les simulations confirment les améliorations attendues

On the resolution probability of MUSIC in presence of modelling errors

The problem of resolving closely spaced signal sources using an antenna array remains a difficult one, although several estimation methods are available in the literature. When the array correlation matrix is known, the resolution capability of subspace algorithms is infinitely high. However, in the presence of modeling errors the resolution deteriorates, even for a known correlation matrix. In this paper, we analyze the MUSIC method, by way of three different definitions of the resolution. Assuming Gaussian circular random modeling errors, we determine the corresponding expressions of the probability of source resolution versus the model mismatch. A first series of simulations validates the mathematical expression of the three resolution probabilities. A second series of simulations is used to select among them the tightest one to the empirical one. The results are useful, e.g., for determining the necessary antenna calibration accuracy to achieve a target performance. \ua9 2008 IEEE