Vernal Pools: Nature\u27s Laboratory

Vernal pools are described and discussed. The importance to wildlife and ecology is explained

A Sinusoidal Current Driver With an Extended Frequency Range and Multifrequency Operation for Bioimpedance Applications

This paper describes an alternative sinusoidal current driver suitable for bioimpedance applications where high frequency operation is required. The circuit is based on a transconductor and provides current outputs with low phase error for frequencies around its pole frequency. This extends the upper frequency operational limit of the current driver. Multifrequency currents can be generated where each individual frequency is phase corrected. Analysis of the circuit is presented together with simulation and experimental results which demonstrate the proof of concept for both single and dual frequency current drivers. Measurements on a discrete test version of the circuit demonstrate a phase reduction from 25 ^{\circ} to 4 ^{\circ} at 3 MHz for 2 mAp-p output current. The output impedance of the current driver is essentially constant at about 1.1 M \Omega over a frequency range of 100 kHz to 5 MHz due to the introduction of the phase compensation. The compensation provides a bandwidth increase of a factor of about six for a residual phase delay of 4 ^{\circ

Hunting for Isocurvature Modes in the CMB non-Gaussianities

We investigate new shapes of local primordial non-Gaussianities in the CMB. Allowing for a primordial isocurvature mode along with the main adiabatic one, the angular bispectrum is in general a superposition of six distinct shapes: the usual adiabatic term, a purely isocurvature component and four additional components that arise from correlations between the adiabatic and isocurvature modes. We present a class of early Universe models in which various hierarchies between these six components can be obtained, while satisfying the present upper bound on the isocurvature fraction in the power spectrum. Remarkably, even with this constraint, detectable non-Gaussianity could be produced by isocurvature modes. We finally discuss the prospects of detecting these new shapes with the Planck satellite.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Multi-field DBI inflation: introducing bulk forms and revisiting the gravitational wave constraints

We study multi-field Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflation models, taking into account the NS-NS and R-R bulk fields present in generic flux compactifications. We compute the second-order action, which governs the behaviour of linear cosmological perturbations, as well as the third-order action, which can be used to calculate non-Gaussianities in these models. Remarkably, for scalar-type perturbations, we show that the contributions due to the various form fields exactly cancel in both the second- and third-order actions. Primordial perturbations and their non-Gaussianities are therefore unaffected by the presence of form fields and our previous results are unmodified. We also study vector-type perturbations associated with the U(1) gauge field confined on the D3-brane, and discuss whether their quantum fluctuations can be amplified. Finally, we revisit the gravitational wave constraints on DBI inflation and show that an ultra-violet DBI multi-field scenario is still compatible with data, in contrast with the single field case, provided there is a transfer from entropy into adiabatic perturbations.Comment: 22 page

Cosmological evolution of regularized branes in 6D warped flux compactifications

We study the cosmological evolution of extended branes in 6D warped flux compactification models. The branes are endowed with the three ordinary spatial dimensions, which are assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic, as well as an internal extra dimension compactified on a circle. We embed these codimension 1 branes in a static bulk 6D spacetime, whose geometry is a solution of 6D Einstein-Maxwell or Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories, corresponding to a warped flux compactification. The brane matter consists of a complex scalar field which is coupled to the bulk U(1) gauge field. In both models, we show that there is critical point which the brane cannot cross as it moves in the bulk. We study the cosmological behaviour, especially when the brane approaches this critical point or one of the two conical singularities. In the present setup where the bulk geometry is fixed, we find that the brane cosmology does not coincide with the standard one in the low energy limit.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, references and discussions added, to appear in PR

Cosmological CMBR dipole in open universes ?

The observed CMBR dipole is generally interpreted as a Doppler effect arising from the motion of the Earth relative to the CMBR frame. An alternative interpretation, proposed in the last years, is that the dipole results from ultra-large scale isocurvature perturbations. We examine this idea in the context of open cosmologies and show that the isocurvature interpretation is not valid in an open universe, unless it is extremely close to a flat universe, $|\Omega_0 -1|< 10^{-4}$.Comment: 26 pages, Latex, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Alien Registration- Langlois, Joseph A. (Sanford, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/3142/thumbnail.jp

A general proof of the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms

Recently, the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms has been shown (Suyama et al. 2012), but they essentially assumed Einstein gravity in their proof. They showed that the evolution equation of the curvature covector in the covariant formalism on uniform energy density slicings coincides with that of the curvature perturbation in the \delta N formalism assuming the coincidence of uniform energy and uniform expansion (Hubble) slicings, which is the case on superhorizon scales in Einstein gravity. In this short note, we explicitly show the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms without specifying the slicing condition and the associated slicing coincidence, in other words, regardless of the gravity theory.Comment: 7 pages,a reference added, to be published in EP

Scalar Kaluza-Klein modes in a multiply warped braneworld

The Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of a massive scalar field on a 3-brane embedded in six dimensional multiply warped spacetime are determined. Due to the presence of warping along both the extra dimensions the KK mass spectrum splits into two closely spaced branches which is a distinct feature of this model compared to the five dimensional Randall-Sundrum model. This new cluster of the KK mode spectrum is expected to have interesting phenomenological implications for the upcoming collider experiments. Such a scenario may also be extended for even larger number of orbifolded extra dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, Revte

Alien Registration- Langlois, Joseph Antonio A. (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28840/thumbnail.jp