57,348 research outputs found
Magnetic field induced finite size effect in type-II superconductors
We explore the occurrence of a magnetic field induced finite size effect on
the specific heat and correlation lengths of anisotropic type-II
superconductors near the zero field transition temperature Tc. Since near the
zero field transition thermal fluctuations are expected to dominate and with
increasing field strength these fluctuations become one dimensional, whereupon
the effect of fluctuations increases, it appears unavoidable to account for
thermal fluctuations. Invoking the scaling theory of critical phenomena it is
shown that the specific heat data of nearly optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-x are
inconsistent with the traditional mean-field and lowest Landau level
predictions of a continuous superconductor to normal state transition along an
upper critical field Hc2(T). On the contrary, we observe agreement with a
magnetic field induced finite size effect, whereupon even the correlation
length longitudinal to the applied field H cannot grow beyond the limiting
magnetic length L(H). It arises because with increasing magnetic field the
density of vortex lines becomes greater, but this cannot continue indefinitely.
L(H) is then roughly set on the proximity of vortex lines by the overlapping of
their cores. Thus, the shift and the rounding of the specific heat peak in an
applied field is traced back to a magnetic field induced finite size effect in
the correlation length longitudinal to the applied field.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Decomposition and primary crystallization in undercooled Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 melts
Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses were prepared by cooling the melt with a rate of about 10 K/s and investigated with respect to their chemical and structural homogeneity by atom probe field ion microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The measurements on these slowly cooled samples reveal that the alloy exhibits phase separation in the undercooled liquid state. Significant composition fluctuations are found in the Be and Zr concentration but not in the Ti, Cu, and Ni concentration. The decomposed microstructure is compared with the microstructure obtained upon primary crystallization, suggesting that the nucleation during primary crystallization of this bulk glass former is triggered by the preceding diffusion controlled decomposition in the undercooled liquid state
Kondo effect of Co adatoms on Ag monolayers on noble metal surfaces
The Kondo temperature of single Co adatoms on monolayers of Ag on Cu
and Au(111) is determined using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. of Co on
a single monolayer of Ag on either substrate is essentially the same as that of
Co on a homogenous Ag(111) crystal. This gives strong evidence that the
interaction of surface Kondo impurities with the substrate is very local in
nature. By comparing found for Co on Cu, Ag, and Au (111)-surfaces we
show that the energy scale of the many-electron Kondo state is insensitive to
the properties of surface states and to the energetic position of the projected
bulk band edges.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Crystallization of Carbon Oxygen Mixtures in White Dwarf Stars
We determine the phase diagram for dense carbon/ oxygen mixtures in White
Dwarf (WD) star interiors using molecular dynamics simulations involving liquid
and solid phases. Our phase diagram agrees well with predictions from Ogata et
al. and Medin and Cumming and gives lower melting temperatures than Segretain
et al. Observations of WD crystallization in the globular cluster NGC 6397 by
Winget et al. suggest that the melting temperature of WD cores is close to that
for pure carbon. If this is true, our phase diagram implies that the central
oxygen abundance in these stars is less than about 60%. This constraint, along
with assumptions about convection in stellar evolution models, limits the
effective S factor for the C()O reaction to
S_{300} <= 170 keV barns.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres
Magnetic field induced 3D to 1D crossover in type II superconductors
We review and analyze magnetization and specific heat investigations on
type-II superconductors which uncover remarkable evidence for the magnetic
field induced fnite size effect and the associated 3D to 1D crossover which
enhances thermal fluctuations.Comment: 26 pages, 19 figure
A Climatology of Tropospheric Zonal-Mean Water Vapor Fields and Fluxes in Isentropic Coordinates
Based on reanalysis data for the years 1980–2001 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40 data), a climatology of tropospheric zonal-mean water vapor fields and fluxes in isentropic coordinates is presented. In the extratropical free troposphere, eddy fluxes dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity along isentropes. At all levels, isentropic eddy fluxes transport water vapor from the deep Tropics through the subtropics into the extratropics. Isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity diverge near the surface and in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere; they converge in the extratropical free troposphere. Isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity play a secondary role in the meridional water vapor transport in the free troposphere; however, they dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity near the surface, where they transport water vapor equatorward and, in the solstice seasons, across the equator. Cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity are especially important in the Hadley circulation, in whose ascending branches they moisten and in whose descending branches they dry the free troposphere.
Near the minima of zonal-mean relative humidity in the subtropical free troposphere, the divergence of the cross-isentropic mean advective flux of specific humidity in the descending branches of the Hadley circulation is the dominant divergence in the mean specific humidity balance; it is primarily balanced by convergence of cross-isentropic turbulent fluxes that transport water vapor from the surface upward. Although there are significant isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity through the region of the subtropical relative humidity minima, their divergence near the minima is generally small compared with the divergence of cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes, implying that moistening by eddy transport from the Tropics into the region of the minima approximately balances drying by eddy transport into the extratropics. That drying by cross-isentropic mean subsidence near the subtropical relative humidity minima is primarily balanced by moistening by upward turbulent fluxes of specific humidity, likely in convective clouds, suggests cloud dynamics may play a central role in controlling the relative humidity of the subtropical free troposphere
Unravelling the Mysteries of the Leo Ring: An Absorption Line Study of an Unusual Gas Cloud
Since the 1980's discovery of the large (2x10^9 Msun) intergalactic cloud
known as the Leo Ring, this object has been the center of a lively debate about
its origin. Determining the origin of this object is still important as we
develop a deeper understanding of the accretion and feedback processes that
shape galaxy evolution. We present HST/COS observations of three sightlines
near the Ring, two of which penetrate the high column density neutral hydrogen
gas visible in 21 cm observations of the object. These observations provide the
first direct measurement of the metallicity of the gas in the Ring, an
important clue to its origins. Our best estimate of the metallicity of the ring
is ~10% Zsun, higher than expected for primordial gas but lower than expected
from an interaction. We discuss possible modifications to the interaction and
primordial gas scenarios that would be consistent with this metallicity
measurement.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted Ap
Generalized Robba rings
We prove that any projective coadmissible module over the locally analytic
distribution algebra of a compact -adic Lie group is finitely generated. In
particular, the category of coadmissible modules does not have enough
projectives. In the Appendix a "generalized Robba ring" for uniform pro-
groups is constructed which naturally contains the locally analytic
distribution algebra as a subring. The construction uses the theory of
generalized microlocalization of quasi-abelian normed algebras that is also
developed there. We equip this generalized Robba ring with a self-dual locally
convex topology extending the topology on the distribution algebra. This is
used to show some results on coadmissible modules.Comment: with an appendix by Peter Schneider; revised; new titl
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