Use of Extracted Green Inhibitors as a Friendly Choice in Corrosion Protection of Low Alloy Carbon Steel

Mitigation of corrosion impact on environment is an important step in environmental protection. Use of environmentally friendly corrosion protection methods is very important. It is smart to choose cheap and safe to handle compounds as corrosion inhibitors. The use of green inhibitors (extracted inexpensively, from the seed endosperm of some Leguminosae plants), and investigation of their efficiency in corrosion protection is the aim of this study. As green inhibitor one kind of polysaccharides (galactomannan) from locust bean gum (also known as carob gum, carob bean gum) extracted from the seed of carob tree is used. Corrosion protection efficiency of these extracted green inhibitors was tested for carbon steel marked as: steel 39, steel 44, and iron B 500 (usually applied as reinforcing bars to concrete). Sulfuric acid solution in the presence of chloride ions was used as corrosion media. The composition of corrosion acid media used was 1 mol L^-1 H₂SO₄ and 10^-3 mol L^-1 Cl^- (in the form of NaCl). Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization methods were used for inhibitor efficiency testing

Managing Dynamic Enterprise and Urgent Workloads on Clouds Using Layered Queuing and Historical Performance Models

The automatic allocation of enterprise workload to resources can be enhanced by being able to make what-if response time predictions whilst different allocations are being considered. We experimentally investigate an historical and a layered queuing performance model and show how they can provide a good level of support for a dynamic-urgent cloud environment. Using this we define, implement and experimentally investigate the effectiveness of a prediction-based cloud workload and resource management algorithm. Based on these experimental analyses we: i.) comparatively evaluate the layered queuing and historical techniques; ii.) evaluate the effectiveness of the management algorithm in different operating scenarios; and iii.) provide guidance on using prediction-based workload and resource management

Supermarkets and Rural Livelihoods: A Research Method

This document presents a research method to analyze the access of small and medium farmers to the supermarket market, and the effect of such access on the producers' decisions and net incomes. The method was developed for and used in a study carried out in 2004 in three Central American countries.Labor and Human Capital, Marketing,

Primjena ekstrahiranih "zelenih" inhibitora pri zaštiti niskolegiranih ugljičnih čelika od korozije

Mitigation of corrosion impact on environment is an important step in environmental protection. Use of environmentally friendly corrosion protection methods is very important. It is smart to choose cheap and safe to handle compounds as corrosion inhibitors. The use of green inhibitors (extracted inexpensively, from the seed endosperm of some Leguminosae plants), and investigation of their efficiency in corrosion protection is the aim of this study. As green inhibitor one kind of polysaccharides (galactomannan) from locust bean gum (also known as carob gum, carob bean gum) extracted from the seed of carob tree is used. Corrosion protection efficiency of these extracted green inhibitors was tested for carbon steel marked as: steel 39, steel 44, and iron B 500 (usually applied as reinforcing bars to concrete). Sulfuric acid solution in the presence of chloride ions was used as corrosion media. The composition of corrosion acid media used was 1 mol L–1 H2SO4 and 10–3 mol L–1 Cl– (in the form of NaCl). Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization methods were used for inhibitor efficiency testing.Ublažavanje utjecaja korozije na okoliš važan je korak u očuvanju okoliša, Posebno se ističu metode zaštite od korozije prihvatljive za okoliš. Treba upotrebljavati jeftine i okolišu prijateljske korozijske inhibitore. To su tzv. zeleni inhibitori. U ovom radu istraživan je inhibitor dobiven iz endosperma sjemena rogača (karuba guma). Djelotvornost u zaštiti od korozije ispitivana je na ugljičnim čelicima (čelik 39 i čelik 44) te željezu B 500. Korozijski medij bio je otopina sumporne kiseline, c(H2SO4) = 1 mol L-1, čista i uz dodatak i kloridnih iona c(NaCl) = 10-3 mol L-1. Primijenjena je elektrokemijska metoda potenciodinamičke polarizacije

Innovation of MOOC for future technologists

Hitherto, MOOC has become one of the platforms in teaching and learning. Long life learning and self-learning skills are essential for students’ survival especially in the 4.0 industrial revolution era. Moreover, Problem-based learning (PBL) approach is suitable for the MOOC platform as it offers an innovative technique that engages learners for independent learning and problem solving activities. Hence, MOOC is a tool for PBL implementation. This paper developed MOOC integrated PBL learning (MIPBL) model based on ADDIE’s design model. The model was intended for future technologists in critical and creative thinking classroom. The model is beneficial in inducing creative and active participation from learners which subsequently trigger technical competence and soft skills. Future study should focus on the management implication while executing the MIPBL model in classroom

INNOVATION OF MOOC FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGISTS

Hitherto, MOOC has become one of the platforms in teaching and learning. Long life learning and self-learning skills are essential for students’ survival especially in the 4.0 industrial revolution era. Moreover, Problem-based learning (PBL) approach is suitable for the MOOC platform as it offers an innovative technique that engages learners for independent learning and problem solving activities. Hence, MOOC is a tool for PBL implementation. This paper developed MOOC integrated PBL learning (MIPBL) model based on ADDIE’s design model. The model was intended for future technologists in critical and creative thinking classroom. The model is beneficial in inducing creative and active participation from learners which subsequently trigger technical competence and soft skills. Future study should focus on the management implication while executing the MIPBL model in classroom

Ajuste de la curva de fractura de hormigón como función de densidad perteneciente a la familia generalizada de extremos

En este trabajo, la curva de fractura P-δ, registrada durante el proceso de fractura del hormigón en ensayos de flexión a tres puntos, se identifica con un fenómeno estadístico que se describe adecuadamente mediante una función de densidad de la familia de distribuciones generalizadas de valores extremos (DGVE), que demuestra ser de Fréchet de máximos, como caso particular entre las distribuciones de cola pesada. Dado que la función analítica propuesta ajusta todo el registro del ensayo, cabe esperar que permita estimar el trabajo de fractura no medido, correspondiente a la cola asintótica superior de la curva experimental de fractura P-δ, con mayor precisión, fiabilidad y sencillez que otros modelos reconocidos. El parámetro general de escala, Ω, identificado como el área bajo la curva de fractura y los tres parámetros de la función de densidad de Fréchet, se estiman por optimización del ajuste al registro de la curva P-δ del ensayo mediante un programa de Matlab específico. La idoneidad del modelo se confirma mediante su aplicación al ajuste de datos experimentales de un extenso programa de ensayos y su comparación con los resultados obtenidos con otros modelos reconocidos.In this work, the load-displacement curve P-δ, recorded during the fracture process of concrete under 3-PB tests is identified as a statistical phenomenon, which is adequately described as a density function of the generalized extreme value distributions (GEVD) which proves to be maximal Fréchet, as a particular case of heavy tail distributions. Since the proposed analytical function fits throughout the test record, one expects that the non-measured fracture work, corresponding to the upper asymptotic tail of the fracture curve P-δ, will be estimated with higher accurateness, reliability and easier than using other models currently recognized. The general scale parameter Ω, identified as the area under the fracture curve, and the three parameters of the Fréchet density function are estimated by optimizing the fitting of recorded data to the experimental P-δ curve using a specific Matlab program. The suitability of the model is confirmed after being applied to fit an extensive program of experimental data and the results being compared with those provided by other recognized models.Los autores agradecen el apoyo obtenido a través del Proyecto de investigación BIA2013-48352-P del Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad, así como del Proyecto SV-PA-11-012 y el apoyo obtenido por las Ayudas Predoctorales del Programa Severo Ochoa recibidas por el Gobierno Regional del Principado de Asturias

ESTADO ACTUAL DE LOS ESTUDIOS DE LA FLORA EN LA CORDILLERA DEL CÓNDOR Y ÁREAS ADYACENTES EN EL PERÚ, 2006

La Cordillera del Cóndor presenta alrededor de 150 km de norte al sur, con una elevación máxima de ca. 2900 m, ubicada en la frontera internacional entre Perú y Ecuador. Se encuentra en zonas de difícil acceso y las exploraciones botánicas en fase preliminar. Forma parte de la cadena discontinua de las Cordilleras Subandinas, al este de los Andes, que se extiende hacia el norte en Ecuador (cordilleras de Galeras y Cutucú) y hacia el Sur en Perú (Cordilleras Huarango, Azul, Yanachaga y otras). Estas cordilleras tienen en común ciertas características geológicas -compuestas principalmente de sedimentos terciarios y mesozoicos de rocas areniscas y calizas, con intrusiones de rocas ígneas- y florísticas endémicas solo comparable con los tepuis de los Altos de Guyana de Venezuela, un típico patrón de disyunción.En la parte peruana de la Cordillera del Cóndor, se conocen diversos estudios taxonómicos y florísticos aislados que implican especies de la región, sin embargo no existe un estudio integral de la Flora. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el estado Actual de la Flora en la Cordillera del Cóndor y Áreas adyacentes en la parte del Perú, 2006.Actualmente se tiene una versión preliminar de ca. 6,000 registros botánicos de las Provincias Condorcanqui (Dpto. Amazonas) y San Ignacio (Dpto. Cajamarca), obtenidos en un esfuerzo conjunto entre el Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) y el Herbario del Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) en el marco del Proyecto Flora del Perú entre 1995 y 2006, así como de datos parciales de Beltrán & Foster (1994) y otros colectores. El catálogo preliminar presenta 167 familias, 694 géneros y 1382 especies. Se enfatiza que a partir de la publicación de Ulloa Ulloa y col. (2004) y Smith y col. (2005), existen 7 especies nuevas, 4 cambios taxonómicos y 86 registros nuevos para el país. El material se encuentra registrado y depositado en los siguientes herbarios: F, HUT, MO y USM (acrónimos en Holmgren y col., 1990).Palabras clave: Estado actual, Flora, Cordillera del Cóndor, Perú.ABSTRACTThe Cordillera del Condor has around 150 km from north to south, with a maximum elevation of ca. 2900 m, located at the international border between Peru and Ecuador. It is found in areas of difficult access and botanical explorations in preliminary phase. This cordillera is part of the discontinued chain of the Subandean Cordilleras, located east of the Andes, which extends northward into Ecuador (Cordilleras Cutucu and Galeras) and south in Peru (Cordilleras Huarango, Azul, Yanachaga and others). These cordilleras have in common certain geological features -composed mainly of tertiary and Mesozoic sediments of sandstone and limestone rocks, with igneous intrusions- and floristic endemic only comparable with tepuis from the Guyana Highlands of Venezuela, a typical pattern of separation. In the Peruvian side of the Cordillera del Condor, are known various taxonomic and floristic studies involving isolated species of the region, however there is no comprehensive study of the Flora. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of the Flora in the Cordillera del Condor and the adjacent areas of Peru, 2006. Nowadays there is a preliminary version of ca. 6,000 botanical records from Provinces Condorcanqui  (Amazonas department) and San Ignacio (Cajamarca department), obtained in a joint effort between Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) and the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (MO) under the Flora of Peru Project between 1995 and 2006 and partial data Beltran & Foster (1994) and other collectors. The preliminary list has 167 families, 694 genera and 1382 species. It is emphasized that after the publication of Ulloa Ulloa et al. (2004) and Smith et al. (2005), there are 7 new species, 4 taxonomic changes and 86 new records for the country. The material is recorded and deposited in the following herbaria: F, HUT, MO, and USM (acronyms in Holmgren et al., 1990).Keywords: Present state, Flora, Cordillera del Condor, Peru