66 research outputs found

    Etude de la structure du bassin d’Ouarzazate par sismique rĂ©flexion: Implications hydrogĂ©ologiques

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    A large number of seismic reflection lines have been carried out in the Ouarzazate basin by the oil industry. The present study is concerned with the interpretation of a part of these data in order to characterize the structure of the Eocene aquifer system. The reflector corresponding to the base of this system, made up of sandstone and limestone, was first identified then digitized on each time-migrated seismic section. An isochrone map of this reflector was realized. The analysis of this map shows that the area under study is subdivided into two structurally contrasted domains. The first, the northern one, is intensively deformed; while the second, the southern one, is slightly folded. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the deep geological structure of the Ouarzazate basin. This allows us to better comprehend the functioning of the Eocene aquifer system, and to rationalize the future potential underground water exploration in the Ouarzazate basin.Les campagnes d’exploration pĂ©troliĂšre menĂ©es dans le bassin d’Ouarzazate ont permis l’acquisition d’une importante base de donnĂ©es de sismique rĂ©flexion. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude concerne l’interprĂ©tation d’une partie de ces donnĂ©es dans l’objectif de caractĂ©riser la tectonique de l’EocĂšne et la structure de son systĂšme aquifĂšre. Dans un premier temps, le rĂ©flecteur correspondant Ă  la base de cet Ă©tage, reprĂ©sentĂ© de grĂšs et de calcaires, a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©, puis numĂ©risĂ© sur les diffĂ©rentes sections sismiques migrĂ©es-temps; ce qui nous a permis d’en Ă©tablir une carte d’isochrones. Celle-ci montre que le secteur Ă©tudiĂ© est subdivisĂ© en deux domaines trĂšs contrastĂ©s d’un point de vue structural. Le premier, septentrional, est affectĂ© par une structuration intense de direction atlasique, tandis que le second, mĂ©ridional, est faiblement plissĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude permettent une meilleure connaissance de la structure profonde du bassin d’Ouarzazate. Ceci permet de mieux apprĂ©hender le fonctionnement du systĂšme aquifĂšre Ă©ocĂšne et de rationaliser les futures campagnes de reconnaissance des eaux souterraines susceptibles d’ĂȘtre menĂ©es dans le bassin d’Ouarzazate

    Apport de la gravimĂ©trie Ă  l’étude de la structure du bassin du Haouz (Maroc)

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    The aim of the present study is to improve the knowledge of the Haouz basin structure using gravity data analysis. First of all, a residual anomaly map was computed from the Bouguer anomaly, greatly affected by an important regional gravity gradient. The calculated map provides information on the ground density variations mainly attributed to the top of the Paleozoic basement undulations under the sedimentary cover. However, in order to further study this map, it has been later analyzed with a method that allows evidencing different buried geological structures, combining the horizontal gradient and the upward continuations processing. The obtained results allows us to establish a structural map of the Haouz basin which confirms the existence of structures already recognized or assumed by the classic geological studies, and highlights accidents, as yet, unknown until the present time. This map shows that the fault system of the Haouz basin is organized in two families of directions NE-SW and NW-SE.[fr] La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif d’amĂ©liorer la connaissance de la structure du bassin du Haouz en se basant sur l’analyse des donnĂ©es gravimĂ©triques. Dans un premier temps, une carte des anomalies rĂ©siduelle a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©e Ă  partir de la carte de l’anomalie de Bouguer, fortement affectĂ©e par un gradient rĂ©gional. La carte calculĂ©e fournit des informations sur la variation de la densitĂ© du sous-sol, expliquĂ©e principalement par des ondulations du toit du socle palĂ©ozoĂŻque sous la couverture sĂ©dimentaire. Toutefois, afin d’exploiter davantage cette carte, celle-ci a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’une mĂ©thode qui permet de mettre en Ă©vidence les diffĂ©rentes structures gĂ©ologiques, en combinant le calcul du gradient horizontal et du prolongement vers le haut. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont permis d’établir une carte structurale du bassin du Haouz qui confirme l’existence de structures dĂ©jĂ  reconnues ou supposĂ©es par les Ă©tudes gĂ©ologiques classiques en prĂ©cisant leur tracĂ©s et pendages, et met en Ă©vidence de nouveaux accidents, restĂ©s au contraire inconnus jusqu’à nos jours. Cette carte montre que le systĂšme de failles responsable de la structuration du bassin du Haouz est organisĂ© selon deux familles de directions NE-SW et NW-SE

    Interprétation des données magnétiques du chapeau de fer de Laachach (Jebilets centrales, Maroc): Implications miniÚres

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    In the hercynian massif of Central Jebilets (Morocco), outcrop a large number of gossans which sometimes top economical orebodies (Kettara, Draa Sfar, etc.). The present study is devoted to the interpretation of magnetic data covering one of these iron hats, located near of the Laachach village, at about thirty kilometres north-westward of Marrakech. The magnetic map of Laachach highlights several anomalies which coincide with the outcrop of the gossan. Detailed analysis of reduced to the pole data allows us to conclude that these anomalies may be due to submeridian magnetic structures cut by a set of dextral transverse faults. These structures are generally dipping westward but they can be locally sub vertical. The Euler deconvolution of the magnetic data gives moderately deeping solutions (22 to 254 m). The quantitative interpretation of the two principal magnetic anomalies highlighted in the study area lead to better characterising of the deep structure of the Laachach magnetic bodies, that may correspond to massive sulphide occurrences, according to the geological and mining context of the study area. The two modelled bodies constitute priority recognition targets for any mining exploration program to be car ried out on the Laachach site.[fr] Le massif hercynien des Jebilets centrales (Maroc) est caractĂ©risĂ© par l’affleurement de nombreux chapeaux de fer dont certains coiffent des amas sulfurĂ©s de grande importance Ă©conomique (Kettara, Draa Sfar, etc.). Le prĂ©sent travail porte sur l’interprĂ©tation de donnĂ©es magnĂ©tiques couvrant l’un de ces chapeaux de fer qui se situe prĂšs du village de Laachach Ă  une trentaine de kilomĂštres au Nord- Ouest de Marrakech. La carte magnĂ©tique du secteur Ă©tudiĂ© met en Ă©vidence plusieurs anomalies qui coĂŻncident avec l’affleurement du chapeau de fer. AprĂšs rĂ©duction au pĂŽle des donnĂ©es, l’analyse dĂ©taillĂ©e de ces anomalies permet de conclure que celles-ci seraient dues Ă  des structures magnĂ©tiques allongĂ©es en direction submĂ©ridienne et dĂ©calĂ©es par une sĂ©rie de failles dĂ©crochantes dextres. Ces structures prĂ©sentent gĂ©nĂ©ralement un pendage vers l’Ouest mais elles peuvent ĂȘtre localement subver ticales. L’application de la dĂ©convolution d’Euler aux donnĂ©es magnĂ©tiques de Laachach permet de cal culer des solutions reprĂ©sentant ces structures dont la profondeur varie de 22 Ă  254 m. L’interprĂ©tation quantitative des deux principales anomalies magnĂ©tiques mises en Ă©vidence au niveau de la zone d’étude a permis de caractĂ©riser la structure profonde des corps magnĂ©tiques de Laachach, qui pour raient correspondre Ă  des amas sulfurĂ©s, compte tenu du contexte gĂ©ologique et minier du secteur Ă©tu diĂ©. Ainsi, les deux corps modĂ©lisĂ©s constituent des cibles prioritaires de reconnaissance pour tout pro gramme d’exploration miniĂšre susceptible d’ĂȘtre menĂ© sur le site de Laachach

    Mise en Ă©vidence d’un SĂ©nonien gypseux sous la sĂ©rie phosphatĂ©e du bassin des Ouled Abdoun: Un nouveau point de dĂ©part pour l’origine des zones dĂ©rangĂ©es dans les mines Ă  ciel ouvert de Khouribga, Maroc

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    In the Ouled Abdoun sedimentary basin (Morocco), the phosphatic series is composed of regular interbedded phosphatic and marly limestone layers. Exploitation of the phosphate in some deposits in this basin collides frequently with problems bound to the existence, in the phosphatic series, of disturbed areas (sterile bodies) qualified as derangements by the mining engineers of the Office Cherifian Phosphate Group (OCP). Their presence in the phosphatic layers causes two kinds of problems: (1) since the whole phosphatic sequence is overlain by a Quaternary cover, we do not know their volume proportion in the phosphatic layers, and therefore the reserves estimations can be wrong (2) they are generally hard, so they complicate the phosphate extraction. Indeed, in an area containing sterile bodies, boring grid may always be tightened and boreholes filled with dynamite. The required borehole tools and use of explosives are time consuming and therefore increase drastically the cost of phosphate extraction. Their localisation would permit the mining engineers to get around them during the exploitation. Several geophysical works have carried out in the achieved in Khouribga area to localize and delimit these sterile bodies. Electric resistitivy was established as a suitable geophysical parameter to map them, but the slowness and difficulty of data collection hinders the application of these geophysical methods to the whose phosphatic deposits area (about 25000 ha). Their application in all the Ouled Abdoun basin requires the comprehension of the origin of the sterile bodies, in order to specify their formation process and to predict consequently their spacial distribution in each phosphatic deposit. Our study concerns to sedimentological and diagenetic analysis of disturbed aereas and their immediate vicinity. It made it possible to identify for the first time the existence of an evaporitic series intensely karstified at the top of the Senonian, under the phosphatic series. The senonian karsts are undoubtedly at the origin of the derangements, which are defined as the collapsing phenomena at the base of underground cavities. These bodies have a polyphase structuring and a genesis that is the consequence of on several processes (fracturing, infiltration, dissolution, collapse). Their installation began from the end of Senonian, and continues up to the Quaternary.[fr] Dans le bassin sĂ©dimentaire des Ouled Abdoun (Maroc), la sĂ©rie phosphatĂ©e est formĂ©e d’une intercalation rĂ©guliĂšre de niveaux phosphatĂ©s et marno-calcaires sur environ 50m de puissance. Localement, cette rĂ©gularitĂ© est perturbĂ©e par la prĂ©sence frĂ©quente de structures communĂ©ment appelĂ©s «dĂ©rangements». Il s’agit de masses non stratifiĂ©es, stĂ©riles, qui perturbent et alourdissent les travaux d’exploitation des couches phosphatĂ©es. Les Ă©tudes gĂ©ophysiques expĂ©rimentales, rĂ©alisĂ©es dans les zones dĂ©rangĂ©es de la sĂ©rie phosphatĂ©e, ont dĂ©montrĂ© la possibilitĂ© de les cartographier sous couvertures Ă  l’échelle dĂ©camĂ©trique. Leur gĂ©nĂ©ralisation sur toute la superficie du bassin des Ouled Abdoun, nĂ©cessite une comprĂ©hension du phĂ©nomĂšne Ă  l’origine de ces structures. Notre Ă©tude concerne l’analyse sĂ©dimentologique et diagĂ©nĂ©tique des zones dĂ©rangĂ©es et de leur voisinage immĂ©diat. Elle a permis d’identifier pour la premiĂšre fois l’existence d’une sĂ©rie Ă©vaporitique intensĂ©ment karstifiĂ©e au sommet du SĂ©nonien, sous la sĂ©rie phosphatĂ©e. Les karsts sĂ©noniens sont incontestablement Ă  l’origine des dĂ©rangements ou fontis que l’on dĂ©fini comme Ă©tant des phĂ©nomĂšnes de collapses Ă  l’aplomb de cavitĂ©s souterraines. Ces fontis ont une structuration polyphasĂ©e et une genĂšse au dĂ©pend de plusieurs processus (fracturation, infiltration, dissolution, effondrement). Leur mise en place a dĂ©butĂ© dĂšs la fin du SĂ©nonien et s’est poursuivie jusqu’au quaternaire

    A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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    Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes

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    Contemporary cities have high stress levels, mental health issues, high crime levels and ill health, while the built environment shows increasing problems with urban heat island effects and air and water pollution. Emerging from these concerns is a new set of design principles and practices where nature needs to play a bigger part called “biophilic architecture”. This design approach asserts that humans have an innate connection with nature that can assist to make buildings and cities more effective human abodes. This paper examines the evidence for this innate human psychological and physiological link to nature and then assesses the emerging research supporting the multiple social, environmental and economic benefits of biophilic architecture

    Hedging with a portfolio of Interest Rate Swaps Hedging with a portfolio ofInterest Rate Swaps

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    Abstract Despite the importance role played by Interest Rate Swaps, as in debt structuring, regulatory requirements and risk management, sounding analyzes related to the hedging of portfolios made by swaps are not clear in the financial literature. To partially fill this lack, we provide here the study corresponding to a parallel shift of the interest rate. The suitable swap sensitivities to make use in hedging and risk management are obtained here as a byproduct of our analyses. They may be seen as the analogue of the well known bond duration and convexity in the swap framework. Our present results might provide a support for practitioners, using portfolio of swaps and/or bonds, in their hedge decision-making. JEL Classification : G11, G12
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