Morphological features of development of Strongyloides westeri (Nematoda, Rhabditida) in vitro

Strongyloides westeri (Ihle, 1917), a parasitic horse nematode, has an unusual lifecycle, which allows it to exist for a long time in the environment. Morphometric features of eggs, larvae and free-living S. westeri were studied in vitro under different temperature regimes. The optimal temperature for their embryonic development is 25 °С, under which 90% of the first stage rhabditiform larvae are formed and released within 7 hours of cultivation. The temperatures of 20 and 30 °С are less favorable for their development. Embryonic development of Strongyloides has four stages that differ in morphology and size. The eggs of a parthenogenetic female are 3.7% longer and 19.6% wider than eggs isolated from free-living females of S. westeri. In embryogenesis, the eggs shorten by 4.4 μm (6.5%) and widen by 5.35 μm (8.3%). New data were obtained on postembryonic development of S. westeri. The differential morphometric features of stage 1 and 2 rhabditiform larvae which grow both in length and width (33.7% and 30.4% respectively) are established. The development of filariform larvae is associated with loss of bulbous thickening and formation of cylindrical oesophagus. Simultaneously, the body elongates, and the gut becomes shorter. Differential morphometric features of free-living males and females of S. westeri are the length and width of body, length of oesophagus, gut, tail end, and size of spicules. Postembryonic development of the free-living and parasitic generations from rhabditiform larvae is temperature-dependent. Most of the free-living generations of Strongyloides (54.0%) are formed at 20 °С, and filariform larvae mostly (70.0%) develop at 30 °С. The obtained results of morphological studies improve differential diagnostics of the nematode at various stages of development and further advance the study of its intraspecific variability

Organization of independent work of students in condition of student – centered learning

Досліджували сучасні засоби навчання, інтерактивне програмне і методичне забезпечення. Виявлено. Самостійна діяльність студентів відіграє вирішальну роль у формуванні їх як майбутніх фахівців; Modern teaching methods had explored, interactive software and methodological support. Revealed. Independent activity of students plays a crucial role in shaping their future as professionals

Склифосовский Н.В. выдающийся хирург-диагност - ученик Н.И. Пирогова

У статті представлені відомості про життєвий і творчий шлях Скліфосовського М.В., як блискучого хірурга-діагноста, що своєчасно поставив правильний діагноз хвороби Пирогова М.І.; In the article information is presented about the life and creative way of Sklifosovskiy N.V., as a brilliant surgeon-diagnostician. He has in good time make a correct diagnosis the disease of Pirogov N.I.; В статье представлены сведения о жизненном и творческом пути Склифосовского Н.В., как блестящего хирурга-диагноста, своевременно поставившего правильный диагноз болезни Пирогова Н.И

Elastic modulus of tree frog adhesive toe pads

Previous work using an atomic force microscope in nanoindenter mode indicated that the outer, 10- to 15-μm thick, keratinised layer of tree frog toe pads has a modulus of elasticity equivalent to silicone rubber (5–15 MPa) (Scholz et al. 2009), but gave no information on the physical properties of deeper structures. In this study, micro-indentation is used to measure the stiffness of whole toe pads of the tree frog, Litoria caerulea. We show here that tree frog toe pads are amongst the softest of biological structures (effective elastic modulus 4–25 kPa), and that they exhibit a gradient of stiffness, being stiffest on the outside. This stiffness gradient results from the presence of a dense network of capillaries lying beneath the pad epidermis, which probably has a shock absorbing function. Additionally, we compare the physical properties (elastic modulus, work of adhesion, pull-off force) of the toe pads of immature and adult frogs

Bacteriophage-liposomal therapy in complex treatment of purulent wounds in patients with antibiotic allergy

В настоящее время возникла проблема альтернативной антибиотикотерапии для пациентов с аллергией на антибиотики. Одним из альтернативных методов лечения гнойной хирургической инфекции у данных пациентов является использование бактериофагов и липосом. В работе представлены результаты комплексного лечения больных с гнойными ранами мягких тканней и аллергией на антибиотики с использованием бактериофаголипосомальной терапии, которая может быть рекомендована в качестве метода выбора для лечения воспалительных и гнойных поражений мягких тканей у этих пациентов. Introduction. Nowadays there is a problem of alternative to antibiotic therapy for patients who have allergy to antibiotics. One of the alternative treatment of purulent surgical infection in patients with allergic reactions to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages and liposomes. Aim. To improve the results of treatment of purulent wounds of soft tissues in patients with allergies to antibiotics using bacteriophages in treatment and liposomes. Material and methods. Clinical studies conducted in 140 patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues that were treated in Poltava District Central Hospital, City Clinical Hospital № 3 and Poltava Garrison Military Hospital. Conclusion. Using in the treatment of inflammatory lesions of purulent soft tissue bacteriophageliposomal therapy developed by our method leads to a statistically significant decrease in duration of pain and swelling tissue, accelerate wound cleansing and the emergence of active granulation and accelerates wound healing. Use bacteriophage-liposomal therapy in the treatment of septic wounds improves the above figures also in patients who have an allergic reaction to antibiotics and can be recommended as a method of choice for the treatment of inflammatory and purulent soft tissue lesions in these patient

Bacteriophages’ use in the complex treatment of gunshot wounds soft tissues purulent complications

Представлені результати комплексного лікування хворих згнійними інфекційними ускладненнями вогнепальних ран м’яких тканин з використанням місцевої бактеріофаготерапії. Представлены результаты комплексного лечения больных с гнойными инфекционными осложнениями огнестрельных ран мягких тканей с использованием местной бактериофаготерапии. The results of the complex treatment with the use of local bacteriophages in the patients with gunshot wounds soft tissues purulent complications are given

Ants Sow the Seeds of Global Diversification in Flowering Plants

Background: The extraordinary diversification of angiosperm plants in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods has produced an estimated 250,000–300,000 living angiosperm species and has fundamentally altered terrestrial ecosystems. Interactions with animals as pollinators or seed dispersers have long been suspected as drivers of angiosperm diversification, yet empirical examples remain sparse or inconclusive. Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) may drive diversification as it can reduce extinction by providing selective advantages to plants and can increase speciation by enhancing geographical isolation by extremely limited dispersal distances. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using the most comprehensive sister-group comparison to date, we tested the hypothesis that myrmecochory leads to higher diversification rates in angiosperm plants. As predicted, diversification rates were substantially higher in ant-dispersed plants than in their non-myrmecochorous relatives. Data from 101 angiosperm lineages in 241 genera from all continents except Antarctica revealed that ant-dispersed lineages contained on average more than twice as many species as did their non-myrmecochorous sister groups. Contrasts in species diversity between sister groups demonstrated that diversification rates did not depend on seed dispersal mode in the sister group and were higher in myrmecochorous lineages in most biogeographic regions. Conclusions/Significance: Myrmecochory, which has evolved independently at least 100 times in angiosperms and is estimated to be present in at least 77 families and 11 000 species, is a key evolutionary innovation and a globally important driver of plant diversity. Myrmecochory provides the best example to date for a consistent effect of any mutualism on largescale diversification

It’s Not a Bug, It’s a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects

Over the course of their wildly successful proliferation across the earth, the insects as a taxon have evolved enviable adaptations to their diverse habitats, which include adhesives, locomotor systems, hydrophobic surfaces, and sensors and actuators that transduce mechanical, acoustic, optical, thermal, and chemical signals. Insect‐inspired designs currently appear in a range of contexts, including antireflective coatings, optical displays, and computing algorithms. However, as over one million distinct and highly specialized species of insects have colonized nearly all habitable regions on the planet, they still provide a largely untapped pool of unique problem‐solving strategies. With the intent of providing materials scientists and engineers with a muse for the next generation of bioinspired materials, here, a selection of some of the most spectacular adaptations that insects have evolved is assembled and organized by function. The insects presented display dazzling optical properties as a result of natural photonic crystals, precise hierarchical patterns that span length scales from nanometers to millimeters, and formidable defense mechanisms that deploy an arsenal of chemical weaponry. Successful mimicry of these adaptations may facilitate technological solutions to as wide a range of problems as they solve in the insects that originated them.Insects have evolved manifold optimized solutions to everyday problems. The diversity and precision of their hierarchical material adaptations often outsmart and outperform current man‐made approaches. These materials hence provide an excellent basis for the inspiration of new technological approaches by taking design cues from nature’s solutions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143760/1/adma201705322.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143760/2/adma201705322_am.pd