1,224 research outputs found
Analysis of Financing Options for Transportation
This paper reviews and analyzes various innovative Financing techniques for highway and transit. With federal support diminishing and transportation needs growing, agencies are seeking new ways to meet this crisis. The techniques discussed fall into the four broad categories of: (1) charges on benefiting properties; (2) joint venture approaches; (3) user charges; and (4) marketing and merchandising approaches. Charges on benefiting properties recognize that there are specific beneficiaries who gain from transportation improvements and include: connector fees, negotiated investments, special benefit assessment, tax increment financing and impact requirements. Joint ventures with the private sector recognize that it is mutually advantageous for public and private sectors to cooperate on transportation projects and include the techniques of land/air rights leasing, donations for capital improvements and cost sharing. User charges are intended as direct payments for services rendered and are classified as motor vehicle taxes and fees, tolls, commercial parking taxes and taxes on motor fuels. Marketing and merchandising approaches include advertising and merchandising. None of the techniques are a panacea for transportation finance but where appropriate conditions exist, they can be effectively used to finance the growing transportation needs of our natio
Experiments on Roll Waves in Air-Water Pipe Flow
Experiments on air-water two phase flow in inclined pipes have been made, with emphasis on the roll wave regime. The motivation for the work is the improving of 1D flow models for multiphase pipeline transport of oil and gas mixtures. Pressure and liquid fractions are recorded in time, together with video recordings. The results show that large amplitude roll waves have associated pressure jumps across the fronts. Some implications for the flow modelling are discussed
Time-averaged MSD of Brownian motion
We study the statistical properties of the time-averaged mean-square
displacements (TAMSD). This is a standard non-local quadratic functional for
inferring the diffusion coefficient from an individual random trajectory of a
diffusing tracer in single-particle tracking experiments. For Brownian motion,
we derive an exact formula for the Laplace transform of the probability density
of the TAMSD by mapping the original problem onto chains of coupled harmonic
oscillators. From this formula, we deduce the first four cumulant moments of
the TAMSD, the asymptotic behavior of the probability density and its accurate
approximation by a generalized Gamma distribution
Generalized Master Equations for Non-Poisson Dynamics on Networks
The traditional way of studying temporal networks is to aggregate the
dynamics of the edges to create a static weighted network. This implicitly
assumes that the edges are governed by Poisson processes, which is not
typically the case in empirical temporal networks. Consequently, we examine the
effects of non-Poisson inter-event statistics on the dynamics of edges, and we
apply the concept of a generalized master equation to the study of
continuous-time random walks on networks. We show that the equation reduces to
the standard rate equations when the underlying process is Poisson and that the
stationary solution is determined by an effective transition matrix whose
leading eigenvector is easy to calculate. We discuss the implications of our
work for dynamical processes on temporal networks and for the construction of
network diagnostics that take into account their nontrivial stochastic nature
Climate change mitigation with technology spillovers
We explore the implications of an increase in clean technology spillovers between developed and developing countries. We build a game of abatements in which players are linked with technology spillovers determined by an initial choice of absorptive capacities by developing countries. We show that, within a non-cooperative framework, the response of clean technology investments in developed countries to an increase in cross-country technology spillovers is ambiguous. If the marginal benefits of these additional abatements are not sufficiently high, developed countries have a strategic incentive to decrease investments. Such a strategic response jeopardizes the initial effects of an increase in technology spillovers on climate change mitigation and decreases the incentives for developing countries to enhance their absorptive capacities
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