2,687 research outputs found
Factor Substitution and Unobserved Factor Quality in Nursing Homes
This paper studies factor substitution in one important sector: the nursing home industry. Specifically, we measure the extent to which nursing homes substitute materials for labor when labor becomes relatively more expensive. From a policy perspective, factor substitution in this market is important because materials-intensive methods of care are associated with greater risks of morbidity and mortality among nursing home residents. Studying longitudinal data from 1991-1998 on nearly every nursing home in the United States, we use the method of instrumental variables (IV) to address the potential endogeneity of nursing home wages. The results from the IV models are consistent with the theory of factor substitution: higher nursing home wages are associated with lower staffing, greater use of materials (specifically, physical restraints), and a higher proportion of residents with pressure ulcers. A comparison of OLS and IV results suggests that empirical studies of factor substitution should take into account unobserved heterogeneity in factor quality.
Visualizing Quantum Well State Perturbations of Metallic Thin Films near Stacking Fault Defects
We demonstrate that quantum well states (QWS) of thin Pb films are highly
perturbed within the proximity of intrinsic film defects. Scanning Tunneling
Spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements indicate that the energy of these states
have a strong distance dependence within 4 nm of the defect with the strongest
energetic fluctuations equaling up to 100 meV. These localized perturbations
show large spatially-dependent asymmetries in the LDOS around the defect site
for each corresponding quantum well state. These energetic fluctuations can be
described by a simple model which accounts for fluctuations in the confinement
potential induced by topographic changes.Comment: Updated Versio
Critical Issues in Higher Education Finance and Policy: Historical, Social, and Institutional Perspectives
This special issue of Educational Considerations is focused on higher education, with particular emphasis on finance and policy issues
Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 30, no. 1, Fall 2002
Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 30, no. 1, Fall 200
Educational Considerations, vol. 30 (1) Full Issue
Educational Considerations, vol. 30 (1) Fall 2002 - Full issu
School Finance Policy and The Equity Dilemma In Indiana: A Case Analysis
It is likely that the only solution to Indiana\u27s equity dilemma is the courts
Dislocation core field. I. Modeling in anisotropic linear elasticity theory
Aside from the Volterra field, dislocations create a core field, which can be
modeled in linear anisotropic elasticity theory with force and dislocation
dipoles. We derive an expression of the elastic energy of a dislocation taking
full account of its core field and show that no cross term exists between the
Volterra and the core fields. We also obtain the contribution of the core field
to the dislocation interaction energy with an external stress, thus showing
that dislocation can interact with a pressure. The additional force that
derives from this core field contribution is proportional to the gradient of
the applied stress. Such a supplementary force on dislocations may be important
in high stress gradient regions, such as close to a crack tip or in a
dislocation pile-up
Dislocation Core Energies and Core Fields from First Principles
Ab initio calculations in bcc iron show that a screw dislocation
induces a short-range dilatation field in addition to the Volterra elastic
field. This core field is modeled in anisotropic elastic theory using force
dipoles. The elastic modeling thus better reproduces the atom displacements
observed in ab initio calculations. Including this core field in the
computation of the elastic energy allows deriving a core energy which converges
faster with the cell size, thus leading to a result which does not depend on
the geometry of the dislocation array used for the simulation.Comment: DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.05550
A Demographic Analysis of the Impact of Property Tax Caps on Indiana School Districts
In 2008, the Indiana legislature passed and the governor signed into law House Enrolled Act No. 1001, now referred to as Public Law 146-2008, which capped Indiana school districts’ ability to raise revenues from the local property tax without local voter approval
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