Street art como una herramienta de marketing de nuevo tipo en la promoción de marcas.

Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Educational work as a method of implementation of plans for the development of a training group in medical universities

The article deals with the principles of educational work, with the help of which it is possible to implement the program of group development, training and formation of a qualified specialist, which is the main goal of the work of teachers of higher educational institutions. Preliminary planning and high-quality organization of educational work can help students to acquire professional knowledge and form the necessary qualities for the physician such as morality, intelligence, compassion for the neighbor, teamwork, responsibility, and others. The article emphasizes the need for cooperation in the educational work of various staff and units of the university: from the lecturer of the department, administration of the faculty and the university to public organizations and associations. The authors emphasize the continuity of educational work, the necessity of conducting it both in classrooms in classes, and in extracurricular time

Cell wall components in torrefied softwood and hardwood samples

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Torrefaction - the process of soft pyrolysis (200-300. °S(cyrillic)) in inert atmosphere - is considered to promote the usage of lignocellulosic biomass in various technologies. The initial raw material is not uniform in composition and we compared the effect of torrefaction on the samples of hardwood (birch) and softwood (pine). The major differences between the torrefied samples were observed between 225 and 250. °S(cyrillic) and were largely connected with different behavior of hemicelluloses. Monosaccharide analysis revealed the decrease in detectable xylose from 26% to 1% (250. °S(cyrillic)) of the raw sample in birch, and from 11% to 1%-in pine. Mannans were more resistant to degradation. Comparison of data from HPAEC, thermal analysis and IR-spectroscopy revealed that hemicelluloses are modified during torrefaction at 225-250. °S(cyrillic), rather than fully degraded and removed from the sample. This may lead to considerable modification of wood properties, more pronounced in hardwoods. The relative content of aromatic structures went up during torrefaction, part of the effect was due to condensation of modified carbohydrate units. Index of cellulose crystallinity increased in torrefied samples. The content of cellulose in birch samples remained the same as in raw sample up to 250. °S(cyrillic), while in pine it dramatically decreased after the torrefaction at 250. °S(cyrillic). Torrefaction at 300. °S(cyrillic) made the samples of hardwood and softwood very much alike. The perspectives of usage of hardwoods and softwoods torrefied at different temperatures are discussed

МЕТОДИКА ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ГИДРОПРИВОДОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГИДРОПРИВОДА ПОДЪЁМНО-МАЧТОВОГО УСТРОЙСТВА

The classical approach to the design of hydraulic drives includes complex calculations and real tests, which is a resource-consuming process. Reduce the cost of design allows the introduction of the development of simulation modeling and CAD / CAM / CAE / PDM automation complexes of the production cycle of enterprises. Modeling allows us to use systematic basis methodological achievements of the theory and practice of hydroautomatics for the design of hydraulic devices to accumulate in the orderly form design experience and provide model support for the life cycle of these products. The article deals with the modern approach to the design of hydraulic drives. A type of a preliminary evaluation of hydraulic drive characteris-tics is given in the example of a hydrodrive of a lifting and mast device. The principle and design schemes of the hydraulic drive are chosen, and a mathematical model is compiled on the basis of the requirements for hoisting and mast devices. A simulation model of the drive is developed on the basis of the mathematical model, consisting of several separate parts connected together. Parts represent a mixed structure of blocks that describe processes in mechanical and hydraulic systems. For visual display an animated 3D model has been created that allows you to observe the progress and results of the simulation. During the calculations, the position dependence graphs of the each link of the lifting and mast device on time, as well as pressure and flow on the safety valve were obtained. Conclusion, based on the results of modeling, was made about the adequacy of the application of models for estimating the characteristics of the projected hydraulic drive in the first approximation. It is recommended to develop such models at the stages of outline and technical design.Классический подход к проектированию гидроприводов включает в себя сложные расчёты и реальные испытания, что является ресурсоёмким процессом. Сократить затраты на проектирование позволяет внедрение в разработку имитационного моделирования и CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM комплексов автоматизации производственного цикла предприятий. Моделирование позволяет в едином ключе на системной основе использовать методологические достижения теории и практики гидроавтоматики для проектирования гидроустройств, накапливать в упорядоченной форме опыт проектирования и обеспечивать модельное сопровождение жизненного цикла этой продукции. В статье рассматривается современный подход к проектированию гидроприводов. Приведён пример предварительной оценки характеристик гидропривода на примере гидропривода подъёмно-мачтового устройства. На основе требований к подъёмно-мачтовым устройствам выбрана принципиальная и расчётная схемы гидропривода, а также составлена математическая модель. На основе математической модели разработана имитационная модель привода, состоящая из нескольких отдельных частей, связанных между собой. Части представляют собой смешенную структуру из блоков, которые описывают процессы в механических и гидравлических системах. Для визуального отображения создана анимированная 3D модель, которая позволяет наблюдать за ходом и результатами моделирования. В процессе расчётов получены графики зависимости положения каждого звена подъёмно-мачтового устройства от времени, а также давления и расхода на предохранительном клапане. Исходя из результатов моделирования, сделан вывод об адекватности применения моделей для оценки характеристик проектируемого гидропривода в первом приближении. Подобные модели рекомендуется разрабатывать использовать на этапах эскизного и технического проектирования

Docosatetraenoyl LPA is elevated in exhaled breath condensate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease with no effective medical therapies. Recent research has focused on identifying the biological processes essential to the development and progression of fibrosis, and on the mediators driving these processes. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a biologically active lysophospholipid, is one such mediator. LPA has been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of IPF patients, and through interaction with its cell surface receptors, it has been shown to drive multiple biological processes implicated in the development of IPF. Accordingly, the first clinical trial of an LPA receptor antagonist in IPF has recently been initiated. In addition to being a therapeutic target, LPA also has potential to be a biomarker for IPF. There is increasing interest in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis as a non-invasive method for biomarker detection in lung diseases, but to what extent LPA is present in EBC is not known. Methods: In this study, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess for the presence of LPA in the EBC and plasma from 11 IPF subjects and 11 controls. Results: A total of 9 different LPA species were detectable in EBC. Of these, docosatetraenoyl (22:4) LPA was significantly elevated in the EBC of IPF subjects when compared to controls (9.18 pM vs. 0.34 pM; p = 0.001). A total of 13 different LPA species were detectable in the plasma, but in contrast to the EBC, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma LPA species between IPF subjects and controls. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that multiple LPA species are detectable in EBC, and that 22:4 LPA levels are elevated in the EBC of IPF patients. Further research is needed to determine the significance of this elevation of 22:4 LPA in IPF EBC, as well as its potential to serve as a biomarker for disease severity and/or progression

Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth

Xylem fibers are highly elongated cells that are key constituents of wood, play major physiological roles in plants, comprise an important terrestrial carbon reservoir, and thus have enormous ecological and economic importance. As they develop, from fusiform initials, their bodies remain the same length while their tips elongate and intrude into intercellular spaces.To elucidate mechanisms of tip elongation, we studied the cell wall along the length of isolated, elongating aspen xylem fibers and used computer simulations to predict the forces driving the intercellular space formation required for their growth.We found pectin matrix epitopes (JIM5, LM7) concentrated at the tips where cellulose microfibrils have transverse orientation, and xyloglucan epitopes (CCRC-M89, CCRC-M58) in fiber bodies where microfibrils are disordered. These features are accompanied by changes in cell wall thickness, indicating that while the cell wall elongates strictly at the tips, it is deposited all over fibers. Computer modeling revealed that the intercellular space formation needed for intrusive growth may only require targeted release of cell adhesion, which allows turgor pressure in neighboring fiber cells to 'round' the cells creating spaces.These characteristics show that xylem fibers' elongation involves a distinct mechanism that combines features of both diffuse and tip growth

Key beliefs of the society regarding vaccination against the new coronavirus infection (Covid-19)

The aim of the study - to identify the knowledge and opinions of patients who have undergone NCVI, to determine ways to obtain information about immunization, to establish a change in patients' beliefs about the importance of vaccination after an illnessЦель исследования - выявить знания и мнения пациентов, перенесших НКВИ, определить способы получения информации об иммунизации, установить изменение убеждений пациентов к важности вакцинации после перенесённого заболевани

Immunometabolic changes in macrophages in response to house dust mite extract

To date, much remains unclear about the pathogenesis of asthma, one of the most common chronic and highly heterogenic diseases of the respiratory system. The lack of specific and highly effective therapy in case of certain asthma subtypes requires the search for new approaches to treatment. One possible approach would be to influence the metabolism and immune functions of myeloid cells. This approach finds its application in the treatment of cancer and other diseases in the pathogenesis of which macrophages play an important role. It was shown that the pathogenesis of allergic asthma in response to one of the most common allergens, house dust mite, is due to a metabolic TNF-mediated reprogramming of alveolar macrophages. This suggests that influencing the process of TNF production or metabolic adaptations with specific blockers may also lead to a reduction in the symptoms of the course of the disease as a whole. In this work, we experimentally tested whether the previously obtained phenotype that occurs in macrophages in response to HDM cultured in DMEM is preserved if cells are cultured under more physiologically relevant conditions: in a medium closely related in composition to blood plasma. We also analyzed open databases of alveolar macrophages sequencing obtained from patients with asthma or from the lungs of mice in an HDM-induced asthma model in order to correlate specific immunometabolic changes. It was found that macrophages cultured under conditions close to physiological, simultaneously increase the rates of respiration and glycolysis, and also produce TNF in response to HDM. The observed phenotype is consistent with transcriptomic analyzes performed on human and mouse samples, which revealed an increase in the expression of genes related to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the TNF signaling pathway. Thus, the data confirm the relevance of the phenotype obtained in vitro to the changes occurring in the in vivo system. However, functional verification at the level of metabolites, proteins and changes in metabolic activity is also required. In addition, it remains to be established how the blocking of individual metabolic pathways affects the features of the functional macrophage phenotype that occurs in response to HDM, and whether this effect can alleviate asthma symptoms

Сорбционно-структурные свойства аэрогельных материалов на основе биополимеров

В настоящее время для выведения избыточного количества тяжелых металлов и токсинов из живых организмов успешно применяются аэрогельные материалы в качестве энтеро- и апликационных сорбентов. Неисчерпаемой сырьевой базой для создания аэрогельных материалов являются природные биополимеры альгинат и хитозан, а также различные производные лигнина. На их основе разработано значительное количество сорбционных материалов и раневых покрытий различных типов, что связано не только с широким спектром физико-химических свойств названных полимеров и их уже доказанной медико-биологической активностью, но и с распространенностью и возобновляемостью сырьевых источников для производства данных полимеров, простотой извлечения, возможностью достижения высокой степени очистки и сравнительно невысокой ценой. Ключевой стадией синтеза аэрогельных материалов является формирование прочного гидрогеля – каркаса. Один из технологических приемов – получение интерполиэлектролитного армирующего гидрогеля. В работе предложены 2 упаковочные модели формирования структуры интерполиэлектролитных комплексов на основе пар биополимеров: «альгинат натрия – хитозан» и «лигносульфонат натрия – хитозан». Первая модель – блочная, при которой структура формируется за счет ионных связей между карбоксильными группами альгината натрия и аминогруппами хитозана, а также кооперативной системы водородных связей и дисперсионных взаимодействий. Вторая модель – агрегационно-трубчатая, структура которой образуется посредством ионных связей между сульфогруппами (в составе палочкообразных надмолекулярных структур лигносульфоната натрия) и аминогруппами хитозана, а также водородных связей и дисперсионных взаимодействий. При высушивании интерполиэлектролитных комплексов в сверхкритических условиях формируются прочные фазовые контакты, при этом изменения в структуре геля становятся необратимыми. В результате получены гидрофобные микро- и мезопористые 2-компонентные аэрогельные материалы, различающиеся внутренней структурой. Аэрогельные материалы, структура которых образована по 1-й из названных моделей, характеризуются фибриллярной структурой, а по 2-й ‒ структурными элементами сферической формы. Полученные аэрогельные материалы обладают высокой сорбционной активностью по отношению к воде и широкому кругу тяжелых металлов и низкомолекулярных токсинов. Цель работы – исследование структурно-сорбционных свойств аэрогельных материалов, основа которых – биополимеры различной структурной организации. Значительное увеличение сорбционной активности аэрогельных материалов «альгинат натрия – хитозан» в сравнении с «лигносульфонат натрия – хитозан» связано, по-видимому, с их различной надмолекулярной структурой. Действует совокупность механизмов сорбции: намокание, всасывание, диффузия, осмотические явления и химическое взаимодействие, обусловленное высокопористой структурой аэрогельных материалов и наличием сорбционно-активных центров. Для цитирования: Бровко О.С., Паламарчук И.А., Горшкова Н.А., Богданович Н.И., Ивахнов А.Д. Сорбционно-структурные свойства аэрогельных материалов на основе биополимеров // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2023. № 6. С. 190–203. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-190-20