A ESTRUTURA DAS QUESTÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM PARA FINS DE CRESCIMENTO DE META-COMPETÊNCIAS COGNITIVAS DOS ALUNOS

In the article, based on the meta -competence and institutional-culturological approaches developed in the school of general methodology of conceptual constructs of system-thought-activity modeling, the goal is to develop technological solutions for the formation of students ' cognitive meta -competences. In educational activities, a hierarchy of educational processes is defined: the main one is the creation of educational texts by students, the auxiliary one is work with literature, the service one is classroom activity. Based on the structure of educational processes, three roles of a teacher are defined: an assistant in mastering a professional language, a source of professional opinion, and a model of professional ethics. The role of classroom taking notes and asking the teacher of educational questions in the formation of cognitive meta-competences is shown. The differences between educational and non-educational questions and the structure of educational questions are given: for understanding, task, problematic, systemic and causal. The proposed technology of educational activity allows it to be applied in the formation of students' cognitive metacompetences, in the design and evaluation of educational literature, the creation of intelligent systems for the design of educational activities and the assessment of students' cognitive metacompetences.In the article, based on the meta -competence and institutional-culturological approaches developed in the school of general methodology of conceptual constructs of system-thought-activity modeling, the goal is to develop technological solutions for the formation of students ' cognitive meta -competences. In educational activities, a hierarchy of educational processes is defined: the main one is the creation of educational texts by students, the auxiliary one is work with literature, the service one is classroom activity. Based on the structure of educational processes, three roles of a teacher are defined: an assistant in mastering a professional language, a source of professional opinion, and a model of professional ethics. The role of classroom taking notes and asking the teacher of educational questions in the formation of cognitive meta-competences is shown. The differences between educational and non-educational questions and the structure of educational questions are given: for understanding, task, problematic, systemic and causal. The proposed technology of educational activity allows it to be applied in the formation of students' cognitive metacompetences, in the design and evaluation of educational literature, the creation of intelligent systems for the design of educational activities and the assessment of students' cognitive metacompetences

Low temperature sintering of electroexplosive nanopowders

By means of the methods of conductivity measurement and transmitting electron microscopy of sintered metal layer it has been shown that electroexplosive copper and zink powders are sintered with the formation of strong aggregates of corresponding compact metals. It has been also shown that sels-sintereing is a cause of below reduction of metal powder particle size obtained by the method of semiconductor electrical explosion

Effect of exchange electron-electron interaction on conductivity of InGaAs single and double quantum wells in ballistic regime

We report an experimental study of quantum conductivity corrections for two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs single and double quantum wells in a wide temperature range (1.8-100) K. We perform a comparison of our experimental data for the longitudinal conductivity at zero magnetic field to the theory of interaction-induced corrections to th transport coefficients. In the temperature range from 10 K up to (45-60) K, wich covers the ballistic interaction regimes for our samples, a rather good agreement between the theory and our experimental results has been found

Spherical Bondi accretion onto a magnetic dipole

Quasi-spherical supersonic (Bondi-type) accretion to a star with a dipole magnetic field is investigated using resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A systematic study is made of accretion to a non-rotating star, while sample results for a rotating star are also presented. A new stationary subsonic accretion flow is found with a steady rate of accretion to the magnetized star smaller than the Bondi accretion rate. Dependences of the accretion rate and the flow pattern on the magnetic momentum of the star and the magnetic diffusivity are presented. For slow star's rotation the accretion flow is similar to that in non-rotating case, but in the case of fast rotation the structure of the subsonic accretion flow is fundamentally different and includes a region of ``propeller'' outflow. The methods and results described here are of general interest and can be applied to systems where matter accretes with low angular momentum.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, used emulapj.st

Assessment of the biocenosis of the urogenital tract in men of different ages

The aim of the study - to assess the biocenosis of the urogenital tract (UGT) in men of different age groupЦель исследования - оценка биоценоза урогенитального тракта (УГТ) у мужчин разных возрастных групп

I Rest My Case! The Possibilities and Limitations of Blockchain-Based IP Protection

We have identified, mapped and discussed existing research on Blockchain-based solutions for intellectual property (IP) protection, an investigation that emerged from a case in antibody production for scientific and medical applications. To that end, we have performed a systematic literature review and created an instrument that classifies the contributions according to the materiality of the object they protect (from immaterial to physical), the type of protection (authorship notarization or prevention of illegal use) and the type of research (conceptual or empirical). Our results can be used to understand which avenues to pursue in the effort to create a new generation of more effective technology-assisted IP protection systems, a priority for 152 signatory countries of the patent cooperation treaty

ПРО МЕТОДИ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ТА ПЕДАГОГІКИ ПРИ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ

The aim of the work – to give a brief historical description of the evolution of pedagogical and psychological knowledge and to assess the role of critical thinking in pedagogy in the context of the postgraduate training of future physicians.The main body. The history of pedagogy and psychological knowledge has a staged nature. Pedagogy developed as a comprehensive science that covered the results of various scientific disciplines. By the 90s the most modern systems of pedagogical education has been formed in Ukraine. This system provided not only with special knowledge, but it also educated a person in a broad sense.A teacher is a very important component in training doctors. Internship kept freedom in the development of pedagogical technology. The differential training, learning through play and the method of critical thinking are considered to be the most effective technologies in the training of future physicians. The main point of learning is an independent cognitive activity aimed at the search, processing, and mastering of educational information. The most important technological method is to teach how to develop a critical thinking. The purpose – to provide the development of critical thinking through the interactive inclusion of students in the learning process.Conclusions. When choosing a system of education, it is important to preserve the scientific and historical roots. Careful attitude to the success of the Ukrainian schools of pedagogy and psychology is the key to preserving scientific thought and competitiveness. Individual approach and critical thinking are the best pedagogical technologies for teaching a modern physician.Мета роботи – дати коротку історичну характеристику еволюції педагогічного і психологічного пізнання й оцінити роль критичного мислення в педагогіці при післядипломній підготовці майбутніх лікарів.Основна частина. Історія педагогіки й психологічного пізнання мала стадійний характер. Педагогіка розвивалася як комплексна наука, яка охоплювала результати різних наукових дисциплін. До 90-х років в Україні сформувалася найбільш сучасна та одна з найкращих систем педагогічної освіти. Ця система дозволила давати не лише спеціальні знання, але й виховувала широко освічену людину. Роль наставника, вчителя при підготовці лікаря є дуже важливою складовою. Інтернатура залишилася вільною у виборі педагогічної технології. До найбільш ефективних технологій у підготовці майбутніх лікарів можна віднести диференційне, ігрове навчання та метод критичного мислення. Сутність навчання – це самостійна пізнавальна діяльність, що спрямована на пошук, обробку, засвоєння навчальної інформації. І, врешті-решт, найголовніший технологічний метод – навчання розвитку критичного мислення. Ціллю даного методу є забезпечити розвиток критичного мислення через інтерактивне включення студентів у навчальний процес. Висновки. На наш погляд, при виборі системи освіти важливим є збереження наукових та історичних коренів. Дбайливе ставлення до успіхів власних шкіл педагогіки та психології – запорука збереження наукової думки та конкурентності. Індивідуальний підхід та критичне мислення – це оптимальні педагогічні технології для становлення сучасного лікаря

Comparative analysis of two methods for determining HDL

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of methods for determining HDL, to determine the presence of a relationship between them.Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ методов определения ЛПВП, определить наличие зависимости между ними

Capturing the essence of folding and functions of biomolecules using Coarse-Grained Models

The distances over which biological molecules and their complexes can function range from a few nanometres, in the case of folded structures, to millimetres, for example during chromosome organization. Describing phenomena that cover such diverse length, and also time scales, requires models that capture the underlying physics for the particular length scale of interest. Theoretical ideas, in particular, concepts from polymer physics, have guided the development of coarse-grained models to study folding of DNA, RNA, and proteins. More recently, such models and their variants have been applied to the functions of biological nanomachines. Simulations using coarse-grained models are now poised to address a wide range of problems in biology.Comment: 37 pages, 8 figure

ГЕНДЕРНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН

The purpose of the study: to develop an expert system based on the construction of a «decision tree» for predicting the 5-year survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer.Material and Methods. T he study included 654 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated from 2013 to 2015, including 434 men and 220 women. The average age of patients was 64,1 ± 10,2 years. All patients underwent genetic analysis for the presence of a mutation in the K-ras gene from the primary tumor.Results. For the Republic of Tatarstan, there are regional features of mutation of the K-ras gene: the frequency of mutations in tumors in men was less frequent (20.3 %) than in women (37.7 %), in patients of Slavic nationality, mutations were slightly more frequent – 39 % than in Tatars – 21 %. The gender approach to assessing long-term treatment results showed that in men with colorectal cancer, the most favorable treatment results were observed in patients with tumors in stage T1–2N0M0, regardless of the differentiation of the tumor and its mutational status. Low-grade tumors with any T should be considered prognostically unfavorable in men, with the presence of regional metastases and mutation of the K-ras gene, even in the absence of distant metastases: no patient lived 5 years. Based on the construction of a «decision tree», the most favorable treatment results were observed in female patients with tumors in stage T1–2–3N0M0 at the age of 70 years (5-year survival rate of 90 %), with tumors T1–2N0M0 at the age of 70 years (5-year survival rate of 81.8 %), regardless of the tumor differentiation and its mutational status. Tumors of any differentiation are prognostically unfavorable for women of the T3–4N0 stage with the presence of distant metastases (6 % of patients lived 5 years) and lowdifferentiated stage T4N0M0 tumors (5-year survival rate of 8 %).Conclusion. G ender- and age-associated features of the development and course of CRC are relevant for oncologists to choose effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures.Цель исследования – разработать экспертную систему на основе построения «дерева решений» для прогноза 5-летней выживаемости больных колоректальным раком. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 654 пациента с колоректальным  раком, находившихся на лечении с 2013 по 2015 г., из них – 434 мужчины и 220 женщин. Средний возраст больных составлял 64,1 ± 10,2 года. Всем пациентам проведен генетический анализ на наличие мутации в гене K-ras из первичной опухоли. Результаты. В Республике Татарстан имеются региональные особенности мутации гена K-ras: частота мутаций в опухолях у мужчин встречалась реже (20,3 %), чем у женщин (37,7 %), у пациентов славянской национальности мутации встречались несколько чаще, чем у татар, – 39 % и 21 % соответственно. Гендерный подход к оценке  отдаленных результатов лечения показал, что у мужчин, больных колоректальным  раком, наиболее благоприятные результаты лечения наблюдали у пациентов с опухолями в стадии t1–2N0m0 независимо от дифференцировки опухоли и ее  мутационного статуса. Прогностически неблагоприятными следует считать у мужчин низкодифференцированные опухоли с любым Т, с наличием регионарных метастазов и мутацией гена K-ras, даже при отсутствии отдаленных метастазов: 5 лет не прожил ни один пациент. У женщин на основе построения «дерева решений» наиболее  благоприятные результаты лечения наблюдали у пациенток с опухолями в стадии t1–2– 3N0m0 в возрасте до 70 лет (5-летняя выживаемость – 90 %), с опухолями t1–2N0m0 – в возрасте старше 70 лет (5-летняя выживаемость – 81,8 %) независимо от дифференцировки опухоли и ее мутационного статуса. Прогностически неблагоприятными для женщин являются опухоли любой дифференцировки стадии Т3–4N0 с наличием отдаленных метастазов (5 лет прожили 6 % пациенток) и  низкодифференцированные опухоли Т4N0m0 (5-летняя выживаемость – 8 %). Заключение. Исследование гендерно- и возраст-ассоциированных особенностей колоректального рака актуально для выбора эффективных диагностических и лечебных мероприятий