Spin crossover: the quantum phase transition induced by high pressure

The relationship is established between the Berry phase and spin crossover in condensed matter physics induced by high pressure. It is shown that the geometric phase has topological origin and can be considered as the order parameter for such transition.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Use of computers to exclude the influence of radiometer instability upon measurement results

A radiometer, practically insensitive to great fluctuations in the equipment amplification coefficient, was developed by dividing the useful signal by a reference signal and modulating the two signals at different frequencies. The signals are simultaneously separated by corresponding synchronous detectors and recorded over two channels. The operation is simplified by replacing the continuous signals by a sampling of discrete values, and using a digital computer. The four steps involved in the process are described and a block diagram is included. This technique not only directly connects the radiometer with the computer, but also records all data provided by the control and signal channels

Separable Multipartite Mixed States - Operational Asymptotically Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

We introduce an operational procedure to determine, with arbitrary probability and accuracy, optimal entanglement witness for every multipartite entangled state. This method provides an operational criterion for separability which is asymptotically necessary and sufficient. Our results are also generalized to detect all different types of multipartite entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters. Revised version with new calculation

Later Han Empire (947-979) - the Last Empire of Shatuo in China

The history of the Later Han Empire (947-950) - the last Empire created by Shatuo, as well as the history of its continuation - the Northern Han Empire (951-979), which existed on the lands of the Shatuo in Shanxi is considered. It is reported that the Empire of Later Han recognized the dependence of the Khitan Liao Empire; the Northern Han Empire existed in the region of Taiyuan exclusively with the support of the Khitan, who protected it from the Later Zhou and Song, sequentially successive empires on the Central plain of China. The article shows that the Shatuo were a small part of the population of the Empire, being primarily the ruling elite of the Han state, and did not have significant support of the Chinese (Han) population. The study traces the political and military history of the Han Empire. The influence of the Khitan foreign and domestic policy on the military and political situation in the Later Han Empire is shown. The study revealed that for seven decades of power over the Shanxi region, the Shatuo failed to create an effective system of management of the region, resulting in a massive outflow of population, economic and demographic crisis; all this eventually led to the collapse of the last Empire of the Shatuo in China

A Robust Semidefinite Programming Approach to the Separability Problem

We express the optimization of entanglement witnesses for arbitrary bipartite states in terms of a class of convex optimization problems known as Robust Semidefinite Programs (RSDP). We propose, using well known properties of RSDP, several new sufficient tests for the separability of mixed states. Our results are then generalized to multipartite density operators.Comment: Revised version (minor spell corrections) . 6 pages; submitted to Physical Review

Stereotipes of the National Culture and the “Identity” Problem in the Case of Globalization

The article deals with the categories of "stereotype" and "identity" that make up the core of the national culture. The authors proceed from the assumption that the stereotypes that have arisen in the course of historical development create a cliche for the perception of both one's own and another's ethnos, its features and culture. The other side of stereotypes is also noted: at the same time they contribute to the formation of one's own identity. The article shows the features of the formation of cultural stereotypes, their influence on the formation of various aspects of one's own identity in the process of ethnic diversification through the system "own / foreign"). It is justified that the presence of stereotypes can both hamper, and under certain conditions, contribute to the perception of culture as external to this ethnos. The possibility of the existence of multiple identities, formed on different base grounds (territorial, ethnic, confessional, etc.) is proved. It was revealed that during the study of a foreign language it is advisable both to use and to break stereotypes. In the course of the study, it is justified that stereotypes in many respects impede the formation of new identities, especially in the case when the new identity is supranational in nature (as it is assumed in the course of the formation, in particular, of a new "European identity

Five Star Movement as Phenomenon of “Protest Party” in Italy of XXI Century

The reasons for the growing popularity and electoral dynamics of a young political movement of Italy “Five Star Movement” is considered. The methods and instruments of political activity of the Movement are analyzed, which are based on political performance, consolidation of interests through new communication technologies and broad advertising (propaganda) for political purposes. The political program and statutes of the Movement, the role of B. Grillo’s personality in the formation of the basic ideas and political platform of the Movement are examined in detail. Special attention is paid to the study of the formation of the political doctrine of the Movement since its inception to the present time, mechanisms for the implementation of the goals and objectives that distinguish the Movement from “traditional” political parties. “Neutral” character of the Movement, positioning itself outside of “right” and “left” political sectors are emphasized, which is typical to most modern “protest” movements in Europe. The characteristics of the political platform of the new protest party based on euroscepticism, direct democracy, electronic democracy, environmentalism is examined. The strategies and ways of reformation of the established system of political representation is considered.Рассматриваются причины роста популярности и электоральной динамики молодого политического движения Италии — «Движения пяти звезд». Анализируются методы и инструменты политической активности Движения, основу которых формирует политический перформанс, консолидация интересов посредством новых коммуникационных технологий и широкая реклама (пропаганда) политических целей. Подробно рассматривается политическая программа и устав Движения, роль личности Б. Грилло в формировании основных идей и политической платформы Движения. Особое внимание уделяется изучению формирования политической доктрины Движения с момента его зарождения до настоящего времени, механизмов реализации поставленных целей и задач, которые отличают Движение от «традиционных» политических партий. Подчеркивается «нейтральный» характер Движения, его позиционирование себя вне «правого» и «левого» политического секторов, что характерно для большинства современных «протестных» движений в Европе. Исследуются особенности политической платформы новой протестной партии, в основе которой лежат евроскептицизм, прямая демократия, электронная демократия, энвайронментализм. Рассматриваются стратегии и пути реформации установившейся системы политического представительства. Отмечается, что в настоящее время стоит вопрос о дальнейшем политическом развитии Движения как политической силы в Италии

Empire of the Qing in 1912-1924: Microstate or Quasi-state?

The status of the dynasty and Empire of the Qing in China after the Xinhai revolution is discussed. It is reported that in accordance with the terms of the Emperor Pu Yi’s refusal of the throne of China, he retained the Imperial title and the historic centre of Beijing - Forbidden city - as a possession. It is noted that the Republic of China recognized the Emperor Qing as the “foreign monarch.” The article shows that the document “Preferential terms” containing information about the special conditions provided by the Chinese Republic to the Emperor Qing, is in much the same with “Guarantee Act” - a document issued by the Italian government in March 1871 after the army of the Kingdom of Italy in September 1870 occupied Rome and was eliminated the temporal power of the Pope. It is proved that in many respects the Qing Empire in 1912 acquired the actual status of the microstate, when in fact this status is not sought. The authors argue that the Qing Empire in the years of 1912-1924 actually remained a quasi-state and did not realise a political possibility of transformation in the microstate. The reason is the unwillingness of the leaders of the Qing monarchy to abandon the idea of the restoration of the monarchy in China and to create miniature state. It is concluded that for these reasons the final destruction of the Qing Empire in 1924 was the natural result of its existence