Effect of grape pomace powder addition on chemical, nutritional and technological properties of cakes

Aim of the research was to study the influence of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace powder, a by-product of wine manufacturing, on chemical composition, nutritional properties and physical characteristics of cakes prepared replacing bread wheat flour with 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% grape pomace powder. The addition of growing quantities of grape pomace powder gradually increased ash, lipid, proteins, fibres, free phenolics, anthocyanins and total polyphenol content as well as antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP), while decreased moisture and \u440\u41d. The main phenolics provided by grape pomace were catechin, gallic acid, quercitin, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and apigenin. The phenolic acids and flavonoids content increased from 4.1\u202fmg/kg DM (control) to 26.4\u201360.9\u202fmg/kg DM (cake with 4%\u201310% grape pomace powder). The colour coordinates L* and a* diminished, while b* augmented. The cake containing 4% grape pomace powder showed the best sensory quality. The addition of grape pomace powder significantly improved the content in free phenolics, highly bioavailable, that are scarce in bread wheat, and thus the nutritional value of cakes without penalising their technological and sensorial attributes. Therefore, grape pomace powder utilisation will give foods with nutritionally enhanced properties; additionally, its utilisation will alleviate the ecological problems connected to its disposal

Características físico-químicas y estabilidad oxidativa de aceites de diferentes ecotipos de ricino peruano

The aim of this research was to assess the physico-chemical properties and shelf-life of oils press-extracted at two temperatures (60 °C and 80 °C) from five Peruvian castor bean ecotypes. A wide variation for all traits was observed. Low acidity index, low peroxide index and absence of p-anisidine were recorded. The total tocopherol contents ranged from 798 to 1040 mg/kg. A higher antioxidant capacity was detected in methanolic extracts than in hexane extract. From the Rancimat performed at 150-170 °C, the predicted shelf-life at 25 °C ranged from 0.15 to 8.93 years; the higher extraction temperature led to a longer shelf-life, probably because of enzyme inactivation.El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la vida útil de aceite de ricino extraido a presión a dos temperaturas (60 y 80 °C) de cinco ecotipos peruanos. Se notó una amplia variación para todas las características. Se observaron bajos índice de acidez, bajo índice de peróxido y ausencia de p-anisidina. El contenido total de tocoferoles osciló entre 798 y 1040 mg/kg. Se detectó una mayor capacidad antioxidante en los extractos en metanol que en los extractos en hexano. A partir del Rancimat realizado a 150-170 °C, la vida útil prevista a 25 °C osciló entre 0.15 y 8.93 años; la mayor temperatura de extracción condujo a una vida útil más larga, probablemente debido a inactivación de las enzimas. &nbsp

49Cr: Towards full spectroscopy up to 4 MeV

The nucleus 49Cr has been studied analysing gamma-gamma coincidences in the reaction 46Ti(alpha,n)49Cr at the bombarding energy of 12 MeV. The level scheme has been greatly extended at low excitation energy and several new lifetimes have been determined by means of the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. Shell model calculations in the full pf configuration space reproduce well negative-parity levels. Satisfactory agreement is obtained for positive parity levels by extending the configuration space to include a nucleon-hole either in the 1d3/2 or in the 2s1/2 orbitals. A nearly one-to-one correspondence is found between experimental and theoretical levels up to an excitation energy of 4 MeV. Experimental data and shell model calculations are interpreted in terms of the Nilsson diagram and the particle-rotor model, showing the strongly coupled nature of the bands in this prolate nucleus. Nine values of K(pi) are proposed for the levels observed in this experiment. As a by-result it is shown that the values of the experimental magnetic moments in 1f7/2 nuclei are well reproduced without quenching the nucleon g-factors.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: surgery and clinical course in 18 cases

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura are very rare neoplasms that can sometimes present with malignant features. Between 1984 and 2007, 18 cases were treated in our institution. There were 7 men and 11 women, with a median age of 56 years (range, 33-77 years). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Except for one case with hemangiopericytic features, all tumors were histologically the fibrous type of pleural mesothelioma. Resections were radical and there were no recurrences. There was no perioperative mortality. The outcome was excellent, and all patients have been followed up continuously. Survival rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were calculated as 86.7%, 75%, and 66.7%. One patient died after 18 months (malignant type of solitary fibrous tumor), and 2 died of unrelated disease after 24 and 53 months. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and careful long-term clinical follow-up is required

First step in the nuclear inverse Kohn-Sham problem: From densities to potentials

Nuclear density functional theory (DFT) plays a prominent role in the understanding of nuclear structure, being the approach with the widest range of applications. Hohenberg and Kohn theorems warrant the existence of a nuclear energy density functional (EDF), yet its form is unknown. Current efforts to build a nuclear EDF are hindered by the lack of a strategy for systematic improvement. In this context, alternative approaches should be pursued and, so far, an unexplored avenue is that related to the inverse DFT problem. DFT is based on the one-to-one correspondence between Kohn-Sham (KS) potentials and densities. The exact EDF produces the exact density, so that from the knowledge of experimental or ab initio densities one may deduce useful information through reverse engineering. The idea has already been proved to be useful in the case of electronic systems. The general problem should be dealt with in steps, and the objective of the present work is to focus on testing algorithms to extract the Kohn-Sham potential within the simplest ansatz from the knowledge of the experimental neutron and proton densities. We conclude that, while robust algorithms exist, the experimental densities present some critical aspects. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future works

Typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids: our institutional experience

Pulmonary carcinoids are rare malignant neoplasms, accounting for 2-5% of all lung tumors, with an approximate annual incidence of 2.3-2.8 cases per million of the population. We relate our experience of 54 patients (21 male, 33 female, mean age 53+/-15 years) treated between July 1986 and April 2006. All the patients underwent preoperative fibrobronchoscopy: preoperative diagnosis was made in 28 patients (52%). Surgical treatment consisted of: 31 standard lobectomies, 6 pneumonectomies, 5 bilobectomies, 2 sleeve lobectomies, 2 anatomic segmentectomies, 6 wedge resections; two patients were managed with sleeve bronchial procedure of the left main bronchus without lung resection. Fifty-four patients were followed with a mean time of observation of 67 months: 6 (11%) deaths occurred, at a mean period of 49 months after surgery; there were no postoperative deaths. Overall, 5-year survival was 91%, 10 years 83%: 5-year survival was 91% for typical carcoinoids (TC) vs. 88% for atypical (AC), 10 years 91% for TC and 44% for AC (significant value, P=0.0487). Carcinoid tumors are a distinct group of neuroendocrine tumors with a good prognosis in most cases. Surgery currently represents the best treatment with good results at mid- and long-term survival, according to an acceptable risk

Basic properties of nonsmooth Hormander's vector fields and Poincare's inequality

We consider a family of vector fields defined in some bounded domain of R^p, and we assume that they satisfy Hormander's rank condition of some step r, and that their coefficients have r-1 continuous derivatives. We extend to this nonsmooth context some results which are well-known for smooth Hormander's vector fields, namely: some basic properties of the distance induced by the vector fields, the doubling condition, Chow's connectivity theorem, and, under the stronger assumption that the coefficients belong to C^{r-1,1}, Poincare's inequality. By known results, these facts also imply a Sobolev embedding. All these tools allow to draw some consequences about second order differential operators modeled on these nonsmooth Hormander's vector fields.Comment: 60 pages, LaTeX; Section 6 added and Section 7 (6 in the previous version) changed. Some references adde

Antioxidant properties and heat damage of water biscuits enriched with sprouted wheat and barley

The nutritional value of cereal kernels is markedly improved by the germination process. Aim of this study was to evaluate protein, ash, sugars, heat damage (furosine, hydroxymethylfurfural, glucosylisomaltol), carotenoids, tocols, phenolics and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS, DPPH, reducing power, superoxide anion, beta-carotene bleaching tests) of water biscuits enriched with increasing quantities (0, 5, 10 and 20%) of sprouted bread wheat or barley. The wholemeals from sprouted wheat and barley showed high concentrations of total carotenoids (82.6 and 119.7 mg/kg, respectively), tocols (53.4 and 88.2 mg/kg), conjugated (368.0 and 564.2 mg/kg) and bound (1811.6 and 3022.0 mg/kg) phenolics. Therefore, the enriched water biscuits had higher carotenoids, tocols and phenolics content, heat damage and antioxidant capacity than the controls. The greatest increase was recorded in barley-enriched samples. The addition of 15%-20% sprouted wheat or 5%-10% sprouted barley improved the nutritional quality of water biscuits while limiting heat damage

Transition rates and nuclear structure changes in mirror nuclei 47Cr and 47V

Lifetime measurements in the mirror nuclei 47Cr and 47V were performed by means of the Doppler-shift attenuation method using the multidetector array EUROBALL, in conjunction with the ancillary detectors ISIS and the Neutron Wall. The determined transition strengths in the yrast cascades are well described by full pf shell model calculations.Comment: Latex2e, 11 pages, 3 figure