Review of new technologies used for meat identification

The present article represents an analysis of trends in development of test-systems for identification of meat. These test systems are commonly used in food production and research laboratories. The relevance of development of methods for identification of meat kinds is related not only to the food restrictions, which are practiced in some religions and related to consumption of certain types of meat, but also with the hygienic aspects of food production. Also, this research is inspired also by the acute issue of food products adulteration and the replacement of one type of meat with another one. The article considers the trends in the develop  ment of microanalysis method that use immunochromatic research, i. e. methods based on molecular biology. Also this article considers the devices that do not use chromatographic methods of analysis. Examples of the development of test systems based on various methods of analysis for the identification of meat are given below. Attention is focused on the prospects of combining these methods, including colorimetric methods for identification of meat. It is also specified that the emergence of new dyes and new enzyme systems, suitable for use in enzyme-immunoassay, can enhance the sensitivity of these test systems. It is also noted that the development of technologies associated with sorbents can contribute to a better separation of the test substrates and this way to increase the sensitivity of the test in case of small amounts of test substrate. It is also noted that the use of various types of iso  thermal amplification can reduce the analysis time necessary for meat identification. Various schemes of devices for microanalysis are given; their advantages and disadvantages are listed. An example of proteomes application for meat identification is given. It is shown that this method can also be applied in the heat treatment of meat. The prospects for the development of such devices are analyzed. It is concluded that the development of systems for microanalysis in the form of quick tests is quite relevant and promis  ing. It is indicated that theoretically in the future such analytical systems, due to the use of microfluidic technologies, will be able to combine several methods. The authors proposed to use machine-aided cognition methods to analyze data obtained from similar test systems in order to increase their sensitivity.The present article represents an analysis of trends in development of test-systems for identification of meat. These test systems are commonly used in food production and research laboratories. The relevance of development of methods for identification of meat kinds is related not only to the food restrictions, which are practiced in some religions and related to consumption of certain types of meat, but also with the hygienic aspects of food production. Also, this research is inspired also by the acute issue of food products adulteration and the replacement of one type of meat with another one. The article considers the trends in the develop  ment of microanalysis method that use immunochromatic research, i. e. methods based on molecular biology. Also this article considers the devices that do not use chromatographic methods of analysis. Examples of the development of test systems based on various methods of analysis for the identification of meat are given below. Attention is focused on the prospects of combining these methods, including colorimetric methods for identification of meat. It is also specified that the emergence of new dyes and new enzyme systems, suitable for use in enzyme-immunoassay, can enhance the sensitivity of these test systems. It is also noted that the development of technologies associated with sorbents can contribute to a better separation of the test substrates and this way to increase the sensitivity of the test in case of small amounts of test substrate. It is also noted that the use of various types of iso  thermal amplification can reduce the analysis time necessary for meat identification. Various schemes of devices for microanalysis are given; their advantages and disadvantages are listed. An example of proteomes application for meat identification is given. It is shown that this method can also be applied in the heat treatment of meat. The prospects for the development of such devices are analyzed. It is concluded that the development of systems for microanalysis in the form of quick tests is quite relevant and promis  ing. It is indicated that theoretically in the future such analytical systems, due to the use of microfluidic technologies, will be able to combine several methods. The authors proposed to use machine-aided cognition methods to analyze data obtained from similar test systems in order to increase their sensitivity

Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Fomina’s Conception is Represented in the Article

В статье представлена теоретико-методологическая основа концепции Н. А. Фоминой по комплексному изучению проявлений личности в речи, в частности в тексте как продукте индивидуальной речевой деятельности. У статті представлено теоретико-методологічну основу концепції Н. О. Фоміної з комплексного вивчення проявів особистості в мовленні, зокрема в тексті як продукті індивідуальної мовленнєвої діяльності. The conception is devoted to complex investigation of personality characteristics in speech activity and text as product of individual speech activity

Monitoring regional development based on "green" indicators

The article presents the results of a study devoted to solving actual problems of implementing the concept of "green" development both at national and regional levels. The indicators of "green" development developed by international organizations are considered as a methodological basis for the creation of systems of monitoring and analyzing the processes of economy "greening", preventing and reducing current negative impact on the environment, increasing the efficiency of resource use in the context of carbon regulation. Assessment of the dynamics of the development of the Voronezh region has been carried out on the basis of selected indicators, and it has been concluded that the regional policy takes into account the necessary prerequisites for "green" growth, which determine the need to increase environmental, economic and social efficiency of activities, increasing the level of waste processing and reduce their producing.peer-reviewe

DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, CHILDREN: CERTAINISSUES

The report presented the current approach to diabetes and chronic kidney disease relationship, the problem of nutritional carbohydrates and their role in the diabetes epidemiological situation. The relevant diagnostic and genetic tests in diabetic nephropathy, particularly in children, were outlined. Evidence based treatment was considered according to renal function and pediatric specification

X-Ray Fluorescence Determination of Trace Gold in an Ion-Exchange Resin

The use of portable X ray optics with a secondary radiator in the determination of trace gold in an ion exchange resin within the mass fraction range of 1–50 ppm is described. It is shown that the secondary radiator design with primary radiation filtering allows one to determine trace gold in an ion exchange resin when the mass fraction of gold is lower than 1 ppm

METHODS OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS FOR FISH SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

The growth in demand for fish products as a result of globalization of trade caused a risks and threats of selling poor-quality and falsified fish products. This has become a great problem both for supervising agencies and for consumers.Many countries have regulations on food labelling and safety. For example, in the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus and Republic of Kazakhstan has been passed the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR CU022/2011 “Food products in part of their labeling” that aims to prevent misinformation of consumers to ensuring realization of consumer rights to reliable information about food products, and Technical Regulation TR EAEU040/2016 “On safety of fish and fish products” requires indication of the zoological name of the species of the aquatic biological resource or the object of aquaculture.Fish species identification is traditionally carried out based on external morphological traits. However, it becomes impossible to identify species by ichthyological traits upon fish cutting, if the head and fins are removed, and the body is cut on pieces (especially, in case of fillets) and even more so upon technological processing. In this case, objective analytical methods of species identification are used, which are based on ELISA or PCR. However, DNA‑based methods have several advantages compared to ELISA methods and complement traditional morphological identification methods. This paper gives a wide overview of the most recent and used methods of fish species identification based on DNA analysis such as single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, species-specific PCR, real-time PCR, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP), DNA barcoding, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS)

Synthesis and Reactions of Medium-Ring Silyl Ethers

Olefin metathesis is a reaction that creates new carbon-carbon double bonds by rearranging two alkenes. The reaction has undergone significant development since its discovery in the 1950s, from first reports to new catalysts and industrial uses, culminating in the 2005 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Grubbs ruthenium-based catalysts are widely used for such reactions, including ring closing metathesis (RCM) that involves the rearrangement of two alkenes on a single molecule to form a ring. During the course of investigating RCM reactions to produce eight-membered ring silyl ethers, we observed double bond isomerization when using the second-generation Grubbs catalyst and the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst but not the first-generation Grubbs catalyst. Isomerization during metathesis reactions can be problematic, giving undesired products and signaling catalyst degradation. If controllable, however, tandem metathesis/isomerization can be of value to make compounds that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. For this reason, the RCM/isomerization we observed was studied in detail. The impact of temperature, solvent, time, and additives on the distribution of isomerized and non-isomerized products were investigated. By monitoring the reaction via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at different reaction times, we were able to conclude that ring closure generally occurs first, followed by isomerization of the double bond in the ring. For systems where a single isomerization event results in formation of a silyl enol ether, this was the major product obtained (which we explain as being driven by thermodynamics). However, the direction of isomerization when using the Grubbs second-generation catalyst was not entirely selective, giving a mixture of regioisomers representing both kinetic and thermodynamic products. This thesis describes investigations aimed at understanding what drives the isomerization (e.g. the catalyst species responsible, substrate structure considerations, reaction conditions) and whether we can control the direction of isomerization

Clustering as an integration pattern of business activity

The article deals with the analysis of business activity of companies and suggests the clustering as a key integration pattern of the central and peripheral region areas. Prerequisites of clustering formation and development are considered in the article. Moreover, the authors stressed that clustering increases the investment prospects of both the industry and the region.peer-reviewe