Sobre la presencia de Catops subfuscus Kellner, 1846 en los Pirineos (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Catopini)

Se aportan nuevos datos de distribución de Catops subfuscus Kellner, 1846. Se actualiza su geonemia confirmando con datos recientes su presencia en el medio subterráneo de ambas vertientes del macizo pirenaico. Se completa el estudio con ilustraciones del edeago y un mapa de distribución. Palabras clave: Cholevinae, Catops subfuscus, Medio subterráneo, Pirineos.We provide new distribution data for Catops subfuscus Kellner, 1846. We update the geonemy of the species and, based on recent data, we confirm its presence in the subterranean environment on both sides of the Pyrenean massif. Illustrations of the aedeagus and a distribution map are provided. Key words: Cholevinae, Catops subfuscus, Subterranean environment, Pyrenees.Se aportan nuevos datos de distribución de Catops subfuscus Kellner, 1846. Se actualiza su geonemia confirmando con datos recientes su presencia en el medio subterráneo de ambas vertientes del macizo pirenaico. Se completa el estudio con ilustraciones del edeago y un mapa de distribución. Palabras clave: Cholevinae, Catops subfuscus, Medio subterráneo, Pirineos

Description of Bathysciola liqueana n. sp. from the central Pyrenees. Designation of lectotypes and distribution data for species of the B. meridionalis group (Jacquelin du Val, 1854) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)

Se describe una nueva especie del género Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 (B. liqueana sp. n.) que pertenece al grupo "meridionalis". Se ha encontrado en medio subterráneo, en la Grotte de Liqué, macizo de Larroque, Moulis, Ariège, Francia. La especie más similar es Bathysciola meridionalis (Jacquelin du Val, 1854), también descubierta en Ariège. Los caracteres distintivos se encuentran básicamente en el edeago: es corto, ancho, con el ápice redondeado en B. liqueana sp. n. y largo, estrecho, con el ápice puntiagudo en B. meridionalis. Se discute su posición taxonómica y se completa el estudio con ilustraciones de las estructuras que permiten distinguir estos táxones, así como también los datos de distribución de que se dispone, incluyendo también a B. finismillennii Fresneda & Salgado, 2006. Se designan los lectotipos de B. meridionalis y de B. nitidula Normand, 1907. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Bathysciola, Grupo "meridionalis", Pirineos.Se describe una nueva especie del género Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 (B. liqueana sp. n.) que pertenece al grupo "meridionalis". Se ha encontrado en medio subterráneo, en la Grotte de Liqué, macizo de Larroque, Moulis, Ariège, Francia. La especie más similar es Bathysciola meridionalis (Jacquelin du Val, 1854), también descubierta en Ariège. Los caracteres distintivos se encuentran básicamente en el edeago: es corto, ancho, con el ápice redondeado en B. liqueana sp. n. y largo, estrecho, con el ápice puntiagudo en B. meridionalis. Se discute su posición taxonómica y se completa el estudio con ilustraciones de las estructuras que permiten distinguir estos táxones, así como también los datos de distribución de que se dispone, incluyendo también a B. finismillennii Fresneda & Salgado, 2006. Se designan los lectotipos de B. meridionalis y de B. nitidula Normand, 1907. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Bathysciola, Grupo "meridionalis", Pirineos.We describe a new species of the genus Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 (B. liqueana n. sp.) belonging to the "meridionalis" group. It was collected in a subterranean environment, in Liqué cave, Larroque massif, Moulis, Ariège, France. The closest species is Bathysciola meridionalis (Jacquelin du Val, 1854), also known from Ariège. The new species differs mainly in morphological characteristics of the aedeagus: short, wide, with rounded apex in B. liqueana n. sp. whereas it is long, narrow, with pointed apex in B. meridionalis. We discuss the taxonomical position of the new species and provide illustrations of structures showing the differences between the two species, along with distribution data, including for B. finismillennii Fresneda & Salgado, 2006. We designate lectotypes of B. meridionalis and B. nitidula Normand, 1907. Key words: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Bathysciola, "meridionalis" group, Pyrenees

Una nueva especie troglobiomorfa de Trechus Clairville, 1806 y evidencias de colonizaciones múltiples del medio subterráneo de los montes cantábricos (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae)

Se describe Trechus (Trechus) valenzuelai sp. n. de los montes cantábricos en España: Sierra de Cuera, en Asturias. La especie se ha encontrado en el medio subterráneo, en cuevas y dolinas. El estudio morfológico revela que se debe situar como especie hermana de Trechus escalerae Abeille de Perrin, 1903, en el clado de T. saxicola Putzeys, 1870. Se ha encontrado una sinapomorfía en los edeagos de T. escalerae y T. valenzuelai sp. n. que se describe e ilustra: el endofalo tiene una fanera con forma de porra, alargada, robusta y muy esclerotizada, en cuya base se encuentra un saco membranoso recubierto por espínulas. Se discute la taxonomía y la sistemática, y se aportan ilustraciones de las estructuras que muestran las diferencias entre T. escalerae y T. valenzuelai sp. n.; también se proporcionan datos relativos a la distribución y la biogeografía, así como hipótesis sobre los procesos de especiación, tomando como base de argumentación los datos moleculares previamente publicados, la estructura geológica de la región y los acontecimientos paleoclimáticos; se postulan procesos de colonización activa, simultáneos e independientes, del medio subterráneo. Se designa el lectotipo de T. escalerae.A new troglobiomorphic Trechus Clairville, 1806 and evidence of multiple colonizations in the subterranean environment of the Cantabrian mountains (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) We describe Trechus (Trechus) valenzuelai n. sp. from the Cantabrian area of Spain: Sierra de Cuera, Asturias. The species was collected in the subterranean environment, in caves and dolines. Morphological examination revealed that the new species is sister to Trechus escalerae Abeille de Perrin, 1903 within the T. saxicola clade. A synapomorphy of the male genitalia, shared by T. valenzuelai n. sp. and T. escalerae, is described and illustrated: the endophallus has a sclerotised piece shaped like a club, elongated, robust, strongly sclerotised and with a membranous sac covered with small spicules at the base. We discuss the taxonomy of the new species and provide illustrations of structures showing the differences between T. escalerae and T. valenzuelai n. sp., along with biogeographical and distributional data and hypotheses regarding the speciation events based on previously pubished molecular data, and the geological structure and the palaeoclimatology of their geographical area. We hypothesize that in this clade, the colonization of the subterranean environment was the result of multiple, independent and simultaneous colonization processes. A lectotype is designated for T. escalerae.Se describe Trechus (Trechus) valenzuelai sp. n. de los montes cantábricos en España: Sierra de Cuera, en Asturias. La especie se ha encontrado en el medio subterráneo, en cuevas y dolinas. El estudio morfológico revela que se debe situar como especie hermana de Trechus escalerae Abeille de Perrin, 1903, en el clado de T. saxicola Putzeys, 1870. Se ha encontrado una sinapomorfía en los edeagos de T. escalerae y T. valenzuelai sp. n. que se describe e ilustra: el endofalo tiene una fanera con forma de porra, alargada, robusta y muy esclerotizada, en cuya base se encuentra un saco membranoso recubierto por espínulas. Se discute la taxonomía y la sistemática, y se aportan ilustraciones de las estructuras que muestran las diferencias entre T. escalerae y T. valenzuelai sp. n.; también se proporcionan datos relativos a la distribución y la biogeografía, así como hipótesis sobre los procesos de especiación, tomando como base de argumentación los datos moleculares previamente publicados, la estructura geológica de la región y los acontecimientos paleoclimáticos; se postulan procesos de colonización activa, simultáneos e independientes, del medio subterráneo. Se designa el lectotipo de T. escalerae

Stability of Relativistic Matter with Magnetic Fields for Nuclear Charges up to the Critical Value

We give a proof of stability of relativistic matter with magnetic fields all the way up to the critical value of the nuclear charge $Z\alpha=2/\pi$.Comment: LaTeX2e, 12 page

Recombinant gamma interferon provokes resistance of human breast cancer cells to spontaneous and IL-2 activated non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity.

Natural and lymphokine activated killer cells (NK and LAK) are believed to play an important role in the control of tumour progression and metastasis. Their specific receptors on tumours cells are still unknown. Several studies suggest that these cells recognise and eliminate abnormal cells with deleted or reduced expression of MHC class I molecules. Previous reports suggest that interferons (IFN), by increasing MHC class I expression on target cells, induce resistance to killing by NK cells. We investigated the role of MHC molecule expression by two human breast cancer cell lines T47D and ZR75-1 in their susceptibility to NK and LAK cells. These two cell lines spontaneously express low levels of HLA class I antigens but no HLA class II molecules. After IFN-gamma treatment they both overexpressed MHC class I and de novo expressed class II molecules as detected by flow cytometry, quantified by a radioimmunoassay and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Opposed to untreated cells these IFN-gamma treated cells were resistant to NK and LAK lysis. Furthermore, preincubation of IFN-gamma treated breast cancer cells with F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I and HLA class II molecules was unable to restore lysis. In contrast, several complete monoclonal antibodies including anti-HLA class I and HLA class II induced the lysis of target cells whether or not they had been treated by IFN-gamma. The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens expressed on tumour cells (ADCC) in conjunction with interferon therapy should be discussed in lymphokine-based strategies for treatment of cancer patients

Mechanism of completion of peptidyltransferase centre assembly in eukaryotes.

During their final maturation in the cytoplasm, pre-60S ribosomal particles are converted to translation-competent large ribosomal subunits. Here, we present the mechanism of peptidyltransferase centre (PTC) completion that explains how integration of the last ribosomal proteins is coupled to release of the nuclear export adaptor Nmd3. Single-particle cryo-EM reveals that eL40 recruitment stabilises helix 89 to form the uL16 binding site. The loading of uL16 unhooks helix 38 from Nmd3 to adopt its mature conformation. In turn, partial retraction of the L1 stalk is coupled to a conformational switch in Nmd3 that allows the uL16 P-site loop to fully accommodate into the PTC where it competes with Nmd3 for an overlapping binding site (base A2971). Our data reveal how the central functional site of the ribosome is sculpted and suggest how the formation of translation-competent 60S subunits is disrupted in leukaemia-associated ribosomopathies.Bloodwise, MRC, Wellcome Trus

An optimization procedure of the start-up of Combined Cycle Power Plants

n/

HDL Interfere with the Binding of T Cell Microparticles to Human Monocytes to Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production

BACKGROUND: Direct cellular contact with stimulated T cells is a potent mechanism that induces cytokine production in human monocytes in the absence of an infectious agent. This mechanism is likely to be relevant to T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Microparticles (MP) generated by stimulated T cells (MPT) display similar monocyte activating ability to whole T cells, isolated T cell membranes, or solubilized T cell membranes. We previously demonstrated that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) inhibited T cell contact- and MPT-induced production of IL-1beta but not of its natural inhibitor, the secreted form of IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Labeled MPT were used to assess their interaction with monocytes and T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Similarly, interactions of labeled HDL with monocytes and MPT were assessed by flow cytometry. In parallel, the MPT-induction of IL-1beta and sIL-1Ra production in human monocytes and the effect of HDL were assessed in cell cultures. The results show that MPT, but not MP generated by activated endothelial cells, bond monocytes to trigger cytokine production. MPT did not bind T cells. The inhibition of IL-1beta production by HDL correlated with the inhibition of MPT binding to monocytes. HDL interacted with MPT rather than with monocytes suggesting that they bound the activating factor(s) of T cell surface. Furthermore, prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF, IL-6, IL-8, CCL3 and CCL4 displayed a pattern of production induced by MPT and inhibition by HDL similar to IL-1beta, whereas the production of CCL2, like that of sIL-1Ra, was not inhibited by HDL. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: HDL inhibit both MPT binding to monocytes and the MPT-induced production of some but not all cytokines, shedding new light on the mechanism by which HDL display their anti-inflammatory functions

An overview of the cutaneous porphyrias

This is an overview of the cutaneous porphyrias. It is a narrative review based on the published literature and my personal experience; it is not based on a formal systematic search of the literature. The cutaneous porphyrias are a diverse group of conditions due to inherited or acquired enzyme defects in the porphyrin–haem biosynthetic pathway. All the cutaneous porphyrias can have (either as a consequence of the porphyria or as part of the cause of the porphyria) involvement of other organs as well as the skin. The single commonest cutaneous porphyria in most parts of the world is acquired porphyria cutanea tarda, which is usually due to chronic liver disease and liver iron overload. The next most common cutaneous porphyria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, is an inherited disorder in which the accumulation of bile-excreted protoporphyrin can cause gallstones and, rarely, liver disease. Some of the porphyrias that cause blistering (usually bullae) and fragility (clinically and histologically identical to porphyria cutanea tarda) can also be associated with acute neurovisceral porphyria attacks, particularly variegate porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria. Management of porphyria cutanea tarda mainly consists of visible-light photoprotection measures while awaiting the effects of treating the underlying liver disease (if possible) and treatments to reduce serum iron and porphyrin levels. In erythropoietic protoporphyria, the underlying cause can be resolved only with a bone marrow transplant (which is rarely justifiable in this condition), so management consists particularly of visible-light photoprotection and, in some countries, narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Afamelanotide is a promising and newly available treatment for erythropoietic protoporphyria and has been approved in Europe since 2014