Resolving the Submillimeter Background: the 850-micron Galaxy Counts

Recent deep blank field submillimeter surveys have revealed a population of luminous high redshift galaxies that emit most of their energy in the submillimeter. The results suggest that much of the star formation at high redshift may be hidden to optical observations. In this paper we present wide-area 850-micron SCUBA data on the Hawaii Survey Fields SSA13, SSA17, and SSA22. Combining these new data with our previous deep field data, we establish the 850-micron galaxy counts from 2 mJy to 10 mJy with a >3-sigma detection limit. The area coverage is 104 square arcmin to 8 mJy and 7.7 square arcmin to 2.3 mJy. The differential 850-micron counts are well described by the function n(S)=N_0/(a+S^3.2), where S is the flux in mJy, N_0=3.0 x 10^4 per square degree per mJy, and a=0.4-1.0 is chosen to match the 850-micron extragalactic background light. Between 20 to 30 per cent of the 850-micron background resides in sources brighter than 2 mJy. Using an empirical fit to our >2 mJy data constrained by the EBL at lower fluxes, we argue that the bulk of the 850-micron extragalactic background light resides in sources with fluxes near 1 mJy. The submillimeter sources are plausible progenitors of the present-day spheroidal population.Comment: 5 pages, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Continuous-variable quantum teleportation of entanglement

Entangled coherent states can be used to determine the entanglement fidelity for a device that is designed to teleport coherent states. This entanglement fidelity is universal, in that the calculation is independent of the use of entangled coherent states and applies generally to the teleportation of entanglement using coherent states. The average fidelity is shown to be a poor indicator of the capability of teleporting entanglement; i.e., very high average fidelity for the quantum teleportation apparatus can still result in low entanglement fidelity for one mode of the two-mode entangled coherent state.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, published versio

On the Nonlocal Equations and Nonlocal Charges Associated with the Harry Dym Hierarchy

A large class of nonlocal equations and nonlocal charges for the Harry Dym hierarchy is exhibited. They are obtained from nonlocal Casimirs associated with its bi-Hamiltonian structure. The Lax representation for some of these equations is also given.Comment: to appear in Journal of Mathematical Physics, 17 pages, Late

Representations of sl(2,?) in category O and master symmetries

We show that the indecomposable sl(2,?)-modules in the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category O naturally arise for homogeneous integrable nonlinear evolution systems. We then develop a new approach called the O scheme to construct master symmetries for such integrable systems. This method naturally allows computing the hierarchy of time-dependent symmetries. We finally illustrate the method using both classical and new examples. We compare our approach to the known existing methods used to construct master symmetries. For new integrable equations such as a Benjamin-Ono-type equation, a new integrable Davey-Stewartson-type equation, and two different versions of (2+1)-dimensional generalized Volterra chains, we generate their conserved densities using their master symmetries

Development and testing of LANDSAT-assisted procedures for cost-effective forest management

The capability of LANDSAT data to make certain forest management activities on the Clearwater National Forest in Idaho more efficient and/or more effective was examined. One task was designed to evaluate the utility of single-date categorized LANDSAT data as a source of land cover information for use in assessing elk habitat quality. LANDSAT data was used to categorize conifer forest on the basis of the percentage crown closure. This information was used to evaluate elk habitat quality on the basis of the ratio of cover to forage. A preliminary conclusion is that categorized LANDSAT data can be helpful for assessing current elk habitat quality if the relationships between crown closure and hiding cover can be adequately defined. Another task was designed to evaluate the utility of merged two-date LANDSAT data for updating the existing (1972) Clearwater Forest land cover information. LANDSAT data from 1972 and 1981 were merged, and change images were created. These products indicated where major changes were taking place. These areas could then be examined on aerial photography or in the field to further characterize the nature and magnitude of the change. The 1972 land cover information could be subsequently altered in these changed areas, whereas areas with no change would not have to be re-examined

On Non-Commutative Integrable Burgers Equations

We construct the recursion operators for the non-commutative Burgers equations using their Lax operators. We investigate the existence of any integrable mixed version of left- and right-handed Burgers equations on higher symmetry grounds.Comment: 8 page

Mid-infrared and optical spectroscopy of ultraluminous infrared galaxies: A comparison

New tools from Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) mid-infrared spectroscopy have recently become available to determine the power sources of dust-obscured ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). We compare ISO classifications - starburst or active galactic nucleus (AGN) - with classifications from optical spectroscopy, and with optical/near-infrared searches for hidden broad-line regions. The agreement between mid-infrared and optical classification is excellent if optical LINER spectra are assigned to the starburst group. The starburst nature of ULIRG LINERs strongly supports the suggestion that LINER spectra in infrared-selected galaxies, rather than being an expression of the AGN phenomenon, are due to shocks that are probably related to galactic superwinds. Differences between ISO and optical classification provide clues on the evolution of ULIRGs and on the configuration of obscuring dust. We find few ISO AGN with optical HII or LINER identification, suggesting that highly obscured AGN exist but are not typical for the ULIRG phenomenon in general. Rather, our results indicate that strong AGN activity, once triggered, quickly breaks the obscuring screen at least in certain directions, thus becoming detectable over a wide wavelength range.Comment: aastex, 1 eps figure. Accepted by ApJ (Letters