Comportamento de interação e vocalização do tapir centro-americano Tapirus bairdii de Talamanca, Costa Rica

Baird’s tapir is considered globally endangered, but most aspects of its ecology and natural history are still unknown. There are scarce previous reports regarding interaction behavior and vocalization for the species; this work is considered the first detailed description of call not only for T. bairdii, but the first for a tapir in the wild. Here we present observations on interaction behavior and the analyses of the first wild vocalizations for Baird’s Tapir from Talamanca, Costa Rica. We distinguish two types of calls. The first call was composed of two notes (average 0.625 ± 0.069 s and 0.323 ± 0.080 s, respectively) with a dominant frequency of 4,940 ± 248.3 Hz. The second call was composed of a single note (average 1.121±0.063) with a dominant frequency of 6,471 ± 704.1 Hz. Interaction is probably due to resource availability, and vocalizations likely reflect communication between bonding pairs or to avoid agonistic behavior. These observations provide clues into social interaction and use of vocal traits for communication among wild tapirs, as well as may contribute for future analyses regarding the phylogenetic signal within the genus.Keywords: Bonding pairs, communication, Perissodactyla, social interaction.O tapir centro-americano é considerado em perigo globalmente, mas a maioria dos aspectos de sua ecologia e história natural ainda é desconhecida. Existem poucos relatórios anteriores sobre o comportamento de interação e de vocalização para as espécies; este trabalho é considerado a primeira descrição detalhada da vocalização não somente para T. bairdii, mas a primeira para uma anta na natureza. No presente trabalho, apresentam-se observações sobre o comportamento de interação e as análises das primeiras vocalizações selvagens para o tapir centro-americano de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Distinguimos dois tipos de chamadas. A primeira chamada foi composta por duas notas (média 0,625 ± 0,069 s e 0,323 ± 0,080 s, respectivamente) com uma frequência dominante de 4.940 ± 248,3 Hz. A segunda chamada foi composta por uma única nota (média 1,121 ± 0,063) com uma frequência dominante de 6.471 ± 704,1 Hz. A interação é provavelmente devido à disponibilidade de recursos, e as vocalizações provavelmente refletem a comunicação entre casais ou para evitar comportamentos agonísticos. Essas observações fornecem indícios de interação social e do uso de traços vocais para a comunicação entre antas selvagens, além de poder contribuir para futuras análises do sinal filogenético no gênero.Palavras-chave: casais, comunicação, interação social, Perissodactyla

A precise measurement of the magnetic field in the corona of the black hole binary V404 Cygni

Observations of binary stars containing an accreting black hole or neutron star often show x-ray emission extending to high energies (>10 kilo­–electron volts), which is ascribed to an accretion disk corona of energetic particles akin to those seen in the solar corona. Despite their ubiquity, the physical conditions in accretion disk coronae remain poorly constrained. Using simultaneous infrared, optical, x-ray, and radio observations of the Galactic black hole system V404 Cygni, showing a rapid synchrotron cooling event in its 2015 outburst, we present a precise 461 ± 12 gauss magnetic field measurement in the corona. This measurement is substantially lower than previous estimates for such systems, providing constraints on physical models of accretion physics in black hole and neutron star binary systems. This article has a correction. Please see: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6386/eaat927

The action plan for river dolphins in South America

To build the action plan, an international workshop was carried out at the city of Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Bolivia between the 21 and 23th of April 2008. Approximately 42 researchers and representatives from Governments of nine countries actively participated in the workshop. Initially, Dr. Enrique Crespo, Chairman of the Cetacean Specialist Group of the IUCN for Latinamerica presented an overview of the status of river dolphins. Following this, each country (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil) made presentations of the status and conservations of theses species. Additionally, four presentations were made by experts on phylogeography and taxonomic status of river dolphins, Geographic Information System analysis of distribution, threats and research initiatives, Abundance estimation and, fisheries and conflicts in the Amazon River Basin.Fil: Duque Trujillo, Jose Fernando. Fundación Omacha; ColombiaFil: Crespo, Enrique Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Van Damme, Paul. No especifíca;Fil: Da Silva, Vera. National Institute of Amazonian Research; BrasilFil: Usma, Saulo. World Wide Fund For Nature; Estados UnidosFil: Aliaga, Enzo. World Wide Fund For Nature; Estados UnidosFil: Gómez-Salazar, Catalina. Fundación Omacha; ColombiaFil: Portocarrero, Marcela. Fundación Omacha; ColombiaFil: Suárez, Esteban. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Lasso, Carlos A.. Instituto de Investigación de los Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; ColombiaFil: Ferrer, Arnaldo. Fundación La Salle; ArgentinaFil: Bolaños, Jaime. No especifíca

Constructing indices of multivariate polarization

Polarization index, Decomposable inequality indices, Multidimensional inequality, Multivariate social evaluation, C43, D63,

CIRCE: The Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment for the Gran Telescopio Canarias

The Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment (CIRCE) is a near-infrared (1-2.5μm) imager, polarimeter and low-resolution spectrograph operating as a visitor instrument for the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) 10.4-m telescope. It was designed and built largely by graduate students and postdocs, with help from the University of Florida (UF) astronomy engineering group, and is funded by the UF and the US National Science Foundation. CIRCE is intended to help fill the gap in near-infrared capabilities prior to the arrival of Especrografo Multiobjecto Infra-Rojo (EMIR) to the GTC and will also provide the following scientific capabilities to compliment EMIR after its arrival: high-resolution imaging, narrowband imaging, high-time-resolution photometry, imaging polarimetry, and low resolution spectroscopy. In this paper, we review the design, fabrication, integration, lab testing, and on-sky performance results for CIRCE. These include a novel approach to the opto-mechanical design, fabrication, and alignment. © 2018 World Scientific Publishing Company.CIRCE was developed with support of the University of Florida and the National Science Foundation (NSF grant AST-0352664). The CIRCE team gratefully acknowledges the collaborative support of the Gran Telescopio Canarias management and staff in this endeavor - both the current staff and, in particular, the long-standing support of the previous Director Pedro Alvarez and the previous Project Scientist J. M. Rodriguez

I. Conservación de grandes vertebrados en áreas no protegidas de Colombia, Venezuela y Brasil

Con esta publicación inicia de manera oficial la Serie Editorial “Fauna Silvestre Neotropical”, la cual abordará diferentes enfoques sobre los vertebrados del Neotrópico, sintetizando aspectos básicos de su conocimiento como la taxonomía y sistemática hasta la gestión y la toma de decisiones, pasando por la biogeografía, ecología, biología, genética, evolución, conservación in y ex situ, y uso y manejo de la fauna silvestre, entre otros.Bogotá, D. C., ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold