227 research outputs found
Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory for electromechanical hysteresis loop formation in piezoresponse force microscopy of thin films
Electromechanical hysteresis loop formation in piezoresponse force microscopy
of thin ferroelectric films is studied with special emphasis on the effects of
tip size and film thickness, as well as dependence on the tip voltage
frequency. Here, we use a combination of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD)
theory for the description of the local polarization reversal with decoupling
approximation for the calculation of the local piezoresponse loops shape,
coercive voltages and amplitude. LGD approach enables addressing both
thermodynamics and kinetics of hysteresis loop formation. In contrast to the
"rigid" ferroelectric approximation, this approach allows for the piezoelectric
tensor components dependence on the ferroelectric polarization and dielectric
permittivity. This model rationalizes the non-classical shape of the dynamic
piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) loops.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 appendix,to be submitted to J. Appl. Phy
Magnetic Moment Softening and Domain Wall Resistance in Ni Nanowires
Magnetic moments in atomic scale domain walls formed in nanoconstrictions and
nanowires are softened which affects dramatically the domain wall resistance.
We perform ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and conductance
of atomic-size Ni nanowires with domain walls only a few atomic lattice
constants wide. We show that the hybridization between noncollinear spin states
leads to a reduction of the magnetic moments in the domain wall. This magnetic
moment softening strongly enhances the domain wall resistance due to scattering
produced by the local perturbation of the electronic potential.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Taking Distributions Seriously: On the Interpretation of the Estimates of Interactive Nonlinear Models
This is the final version. Available on open access from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this recordData Availability Statement;
Replication code for this article is available at Zhirnov, Moral, and Sedashov (Reference Zhirnov, Moral and Sedashov2022) at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZJCYGP.In recent decades, political science literature has experienced significant growth in the popularity of nonlinear models with multiplicative interaction terms. When one or more constitutive variables are not binary, most studies report the marginal effect of the variable of interest at its sample mean while allowing the other constitutive variable/s to vary along its range and holding all other covariates constant at their means, modes, or medians. In this article, we argue that this conventional approach is not always the most suitable since the marginal effect of a variable at its sample mean might not be sufficiently representative of its prevalent effect at a specific value of the conditioning variable and might produce excessively model-dependent predictions. We propose two procedures to help researchers gain a better understanding of how the typical effect of the variable of interest varies as a function of the conditioning variable: (1) computing and plotting the marginal effects at all in-sample combinations of the values of the constitutive variables and (2) computing and plotting what we call the βDistribution-Weighted Average Marginal Effectβ over the values of the conditioning variable
Thermodynamics of nanodomain formation and breakdown in Scanning Probe Microscopy: Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire approach
Thermodynamics of tip-induced nanodomain formation in scanning probe
microscopy of ferroelectric films and crystals is studied using the
Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenological approach. The local redistribution
of polarization induced by the biased probe apex is analyzed including the
effects of polarization gradients, field dependence of dielectric properties,
intrinsic domain wall width, and film thickness. The polarization distribution
inside subcritical nucleus of the domain preceding the nucleation event is very
smooth and localized below the probe, and the electrostatic field distribution
is dominated by the tip. In contrast, polarization distribution inside the
stable domain is rectangular-like, and the associated electrostatic fields
clearly illustrate the presence of tip-induced and depolarization field
components. The calculated coercive biases of domain formation are in a good
agreement with available experimental results for typical ferroelectric
materials. The microscopic origin of the observed domain tip elongation in the
region where the probe electric field is much smaller than the intrinsic
coercive field is the positive depolarization field in front of the moving
counter domain wall. For infinitely thin domain walls local domain breakdown
through the sample depth appears. The results obtained here are complementary
to the Landauer-Molotskii energetic approach.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figures, suplementary attached, to be submitted to Phys.
Rev.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°
Evaluation of nonspecific adaptive response of the body in children with acute infectious diseases associated with tonsillitis syndrome was the aim of this research. This prospective study included clinical, anamnestic and laboratory examination of children with acute infectious diseases with tonsillitis syndrome. A systemic multiple factor analysis was conducted (significance level Ρ<0.05). The evaluation of peripheral blood parameters (specific gravity of lymphocytes and indices of reactive protective potential (RPP) - specific immune lymphocytic-monocytic parameter (SILMP) and coefficient of phagocytic defense (CPD)) gives the possibility to determine the condition of nonspecific adaptation in children with acute infectious diseases associated with tonsillitis syndrome. Children with tonsillitis syndrome show significant increase of integral RPP parameters, i.e. decrease of RPP, which is more pronounced on discharge (on admission - in 57% of children, on discharge - in 87%). The most unfavourable initial nonspecific adaptative body response (NABR) (according to the percentage of lymphocytes) is the reaction of increased activation, as it is associated with the transition to the overactivation by the time of discharge (37% of children). Systemic multiple factor analysis determined which peripheral blood parameters have more influence on childrenβs adaptation during the course of infectious disease: RPP indices showed high influence coefficients in all diseases (CPD was the highest in bacterial infection - Π i 198.3; SILMP was the highest in viral infection - Π i 147.81; in mixed infection CPD and SILMP were roughly the same - Π i β 107.25 and Π i - 78.11, respectively), which proves the feasibility of RPP evaluation for prognostic purposes in the treatment of this category of patients.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· (ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ<0,05). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» (Π ΠΠ) - ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° (ΠΠΠΠ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ (ΠΠ€Π) Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. Π£ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π ΠΠ, Ρ. Π΅. ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π ΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ (ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ - Ρ 57% Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ - Ρ 87%). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ (37% Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ). Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ», ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
First-principles investigation of 180-degree domain walls in BaTiO_3
We present a first-principles study of 180-degree ferroelectric domain walls
in tetragonal barium titanate. The theory is based on an effective Hamiltonian
that has previously been determined from first-principles
ultrasoft-pseudopotential calculations. Statistical properties are investigated
using Monte Carlo simulations. We compute the domain-wall energy, free energy,
and thickness, analyze the behavior of the ferroelectric order parameter in the
interior of the domain wall, and study its spatial fluctuations. An abrupt
reversal of the polarization is found, unlike the gradual rotation typical of
the ferromagnetic case.Comment: Revtex (preprint style, 13 pages) + 3 postscript figures. A version
in two-column article style with embedded figures is available at
http://electron.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/index.html#pad_wal
Application of elastostatic Green function tensor technique to electrostriction in cubic, hexagonal and orthorhombic crystals
The elastostatic Green function tensor approach, which was recently used to
treat electrostriction in numerical simulation of domain structure formation in
cubic ferroelectrics, is reviewed and extended to the crystals of hexagonal and
orthorhombic symmetry. The tensorial kernels appearing in the expressions for
effective nonlocal interaction of electrostrictive origin are derived
explicitly and their physical meaning is illustrated on simple examples. It is
argued that the bilinear coupling between the polarization gradients and
elastic strain should be systematically included in the Ginzburg-Landau free
energy expansion of electrostrictive materials.Comment: 4 page
Electron Spin for Classical Information Processing: A Brief Survey of Spin-Based Logic Devices, Gates and Circuits
In electronics, information has been traditionally stored, processed and
communicated using an electron's charge. This paradigm is increasingly turning
out to be energy-inefficient, because movement of charge within an
information-processing device invariably causes current flow and an associated
dissipation. Replacing charge with the "spin" of an electron to encode
information may eliminate much of this dissipation and lead to more
energy-efficient "green electronics". This realization has spurred significant
research in spintronic devices and circuits where spin either directly acts as
the physical variable for hosting information or augments the role of charge.
In this review article, we discuss and elucidate some of these ideas, and
highlight their strengths and weaknesses. Many of them can potentially reduce
energy dissipation significantly, but unfortunately are error-prone and
unreliable. Moreover, there are serious obstacles to their technological
implementation that may be difficult to overcome in the near term.
This review addresses three constructs: (1) single devices or binary switches
that can be constituents of Boolean logic gates for digital information
processing, (2) complete gates that are capable of performing specific Boolean
logic operations, and (3) combinational circuits or architectures (equivalent
to many gates working in unison) that are capable of performing universal
computation.Comment: Topical Revie
Er:Yb phosphate glass laser with nonlinear absorber for phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry
A novel laser for phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Ξ¦-OTDR) is presented. The advantages of a compact solid-state laser are listed, current problems are shown. Experiments with a microchip single-optical-element laser, from setup construction to usage in Ξ¦-OTDR system, are presented. New laser scheme with two-photon intracavity absorber is suggested and its advantages are described
- β¦